Abnormal Psychology Leading Researcher perspectives 4th Edition by Rieger – Test Bank

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Abnormal Psychology Leading Researcher perspectives 4th Edition by Rieger – Test Bank

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Chapter 02 Test Bank

1. In vicarious acquisition, fear is acquired by:
2. classical conditioning.

 

1. verbal transmission of fear-related information.

 

1. observing another person responding with fear to a threat.

 

1. All of the given options are correct.

 

1. None of the given options is correct.

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the nature of anxiety and models regarding the aetiology of anxiety disorders.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

2. The most effective treatment for a specific phobia is:
3. counselling.

 

1. in vivo exposure.

 

1. imaginal exposure.

 

1. empathy.

 

1. conditioning.

 

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for specific phobias.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

3. Development of a panic disorder requires:
4. a specific psychological vulnerability.

 

1. a generalised psychological vulnerability.

 

1. a generalised biological vulnerability.

 

1. All of the given options are correct.

 

1. None of the given options is correct.

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for panic disorder and agoraphobia.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

4. People with social phobia avoid situations because they fear:
5. panic attacks.

 

1. re-experiencing trauma.

 

1. contamination by other people.

 

1. enclosed spaces.

 

1. embarrassment and negative evaluation by other people.

 

Blooms: Comprehension
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for social anxiety disorder.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

5. Individuals with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) typically experience worries about:
6. social threat but not physical threat.

 

1. physical threat but not social threat.

 

1. both social threat and physical threat.

 

1. neither social threat nor physical threat.

 

1. social threat, physical threat and contamination threat.

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for generalised anxiety disorder.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

6. According to Barlow (2002), the hallmark of anxiety is:
7. panic attacks.

 

1. vicarious acquisition.

 

1. true alarms.

 

1. false alarms.

 

1. distorted thoughts.

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the nature of anxiety and models regarding the aetiology of anxiety disorders.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

7. The Rapee (1991) information processing model of the development of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) suggests that individuals with GAD selectively attend to:
8. body sensations of impending panic.

 

1. memories of trauma.

 

1. stress neurochemicals.

 

1. threatening information.

 

1. negative social cues.

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for generalised anxiety disorder.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

8. According to the wells meta-cognitive model of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), an individual with GAD is likely to have:
9. only positive beliefs about worrying.

 

1. only negative beliefs about worrying.

 

1. both positive and negative beliefs about worrying.

 

1. All of the given options are correct.

 

1. None of the given options is correct.

 

Blooms: Comprehension
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for generalised anxiety disorder.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

9. Research supports the hypothesis that ________ is/are a specific feature of generalised anxiety disorder.
10. intolerance of uncertainty

 

1. positive meta-beliefs about worrying

 

1. worry about a few closely related themes

 

1. over-estimating one’s ability to cope with negative events

 

1. negative cognitions

 

Blooms: Comprehension
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for generalised anxiety disorder.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

10. Which of the following is not true of benzodiazepine medications in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder?
11. They quickly reduce anxiety.

 

1. They produce drug tolerance and dependence.

 

1. They were frequently prescribed in the past.

 

1. The anxiety symptoms return after the medication is stopped.

 

1. The anxiety symptoms do not return after the medication is stopped.

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for generalised anxiety disorder.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

11. Seligman’s preparedness theory suggests that:

 

1. there is a biological/evolutionary component to phobic fears.

 

1. anxiety is due to expectation of negative outcomes.

 

1. phobias are founded in unconscious mental conflicts.

 

1. false alarms lead to heightened vigilance.

 

1. humans are prepared to deal with certain threats.

 

Blooms: Comprehension
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for specific phobias.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

12. Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) has a lifetime prevalence in Australia of about:
13. 9.5 per cent.

 

6. 6.1 per cent.

 

1. 1.2 per cent.

 

1. 0.1 per cent.

 

2. 2.3 per cent.

 

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for generalised anxiety disorder.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

13. Which of the following is not true of cognitive behaviour therapy in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder?
14. Treatment gains are maintained after therapy stops.

 

1. Clients are assisted to identify negative beliefs.

 

1. By the end of therapy, at most only 57 per cent of clients score in the non-clinical range on measures of symptoms.

 

1. Clients are taught to suppress their worries.

 

1. Clients are taught to re-appraise negative predictions about threats.

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for generalised anxiety disorder.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

14. Which of the following is not one of the new approaches for helping people with GAD?
15. interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)

 

1. mindfulness meditation approaches

 

1. cognitive restructuring

 

1. increasing patient understanding of processes maintaining worry

 

1. eye movement desensitisation retraining (EMDR)

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for generalised anxiety disorder.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

15. Which of the following is not a change to anxiety disorders in the DSM-5?
16. There is a minimum period to receive a specific phobia diagnosis.

 

1. Agoraphobia has become a distinct disorder from panic disorder.

 

1. A distinction is made between performance social phobia and generalised social phobia.

 

1. OCD is listed within ‘Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum’.

 

1. Specific phobia and panic disorder are combined into one diagnosis.

 

Blooms: Comprehension
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the nature of anxiety and models regarding the aetiology of anxiety disorders.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

16. What changes to the diagnostic criteria for GAD were enacted in the DSM-5?
17. Removed the criterion that worry should be difficult to control.

 

5. No changes were made in the DSM-5.

 

1. Excessive anxiety and worry must be present for three, rather than six, months.

 

1. Reduced the number of associated symptoms.

 

1. Included the presence of behavioural symptoms such as time spent planning for potential threat.

 

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for generalised anxiety disorder.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

17. An example of a social threat for sufferers of GAD is:

 

1. worrying about being the victim of a terrorist attack.

 

1. worrying about being involved in a car accident.

 

1. worrying about not being liked by others.

 

1. worrying about developing cancer.

 

1. None of the given options is correct.

 

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for generalised anxiety disorder.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

18. A panic disorder differs from a panic attack in that:
19. panic disorders are more extreme.

 

1. panic attacks come ‘out of the blue’.

 

1. a panic disorder is more likely to be comorbid with depression.

 

1. a panic disorder involves worry about having additional panic attacks.

 

1. None of the given options is correct.

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for panic disorder and agoraphobia.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

19. According to Clark’s model of panic disorder people with this disorder:
20. typically avoid places where a panic attack may occur.

 

1. are highly anxious.

 

1. are low on a measure of anxiety sensitivity.

 

1. catastrophise bodily sensations as dangerous.

 

1. hyperventilate.

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for panic disorder and agoraphobia.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

20. Which of the following is not typically true of GAD?
21. GAD occurs more often in women than men.

 

1. Without treatment GAD has a chronic course.

 

1. It is not comorbid with other disorders.

 

1. Most sufferers do not seek help.

 

1. None of the given options are correct.

 

Blooms: Comprehension
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for generalised anxiety disorder.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

21. The idea that specific phobias are classically conditioned is weakened by the fact that:
22. not all individuals show phobic responses after a negative encounter with a stimulus.

 

1. the majority of phobic individuals report no memory of a pairing of an aversive event with the phobic object.

 

1. phobic fears are not evenly distributed across possible stimuli.

 

1. All of the options listed here are correct.

 

1. None of the given options is correct.

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for specific phobias.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

22. In agoraphobia sufferers avoid being in situations where:
23. there is a need to relate easily to others.

 

1. a panic attack may occur and escape from the situation is difficult.

 

1. others may see them.

 

1. they are far away from home.

 

1. None of the given options is correct.

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for panic disorder and agoraphobia.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

23. The intolerance of uncertainty model identifies three processes that maintain generalised anxiety disorder symptoms. One of them is:
24. holding positive beliefs about worry as a coping strategy.

 

1. holding negative beliefs about worry as a coping strategy.

 

1. having a high level of confidence in one’s ability to solve problems.

 

1. experiencing vivid negative images.

 

1. having low self-esteem.

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for generalised anxiety disorder.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

24. The relief from escape and avoiding a feared stimulus is an example of:
25. positive reinforcement.

 

1. negative reinforcement.

 

1. reinforcement of avoidance.

 

1. positive punishment.

 

1. None of the given options is correct.

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the nature of anxiety and models regarding the aetiology of anxiety disorders.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

25. In the triple vulnerability model of anxiety, negative affectivity is:
26. feeling enthusiastic, active and alert.

 

1. feeling sad and lethargic.

 

1. subjective distress involving anxiety, disgust and anger.

 

1. feeling grumpy and irritable.

 

1. a pessimistic display of emotions.

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the nature of anxiety and models regarding the aetiology of anxiety disorders.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders

 

 

Chapter 02 Test Bank Summary

Category	# of Questions
Blooms: Analysis	15
Blooms: Comprehension	6
Blooms: Knowledge	4
Difficulty: Easy	6
Difficulty: Hard	5
Difficulty: Medium	14
Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the nature of anxiety and models regarding the aetiology of anxiety disorders.	5
Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for specific phobias.	3
Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for panic disorder and agoraphobia.	4
Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for social anxiety disorder.	1
Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, aetiology and treatments for generalised anxiety disorder.	12
Topic: Anxiety Disorders	25

Chapter 04 Test Bank

1. Which of the following is not a major symptom cluster in the definition of posttraumatic stress disorder?
2. arousal symptoms

 

1. avoidance symptoms

 

1. substance abuse symptoms

 

1. re-experiencing symptoms

 

1. All of the given options are correct.

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 4.1 Describe the current diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Topic: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

 

2. Biological, learning and cognitive models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) all recognise that:
3. PTSD is maintained by avoidance of reminders of the trauma.

 

1. PTSD develops in almost everyone who experiences a trauma.

 

1. PTSD is more common in men than in women.

 

1. PTSD is a fear-conditioned response.

 

1. None of the given options is correct.

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 4.3 Compare the different models accounting for the development of PTSD.
Topic: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

 

3. For posttraumatic stress disorder, the treatment with the best long-term outcome according to randomised controlled trials is:
4. stress management.

 

1. imaginal exposure.

 

1. hypnotherapy.

 

1. supportive counselling.

 

1. prolonged exposure.

 

Blooms: Evaluation
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 4.4 Understand the components of effective treatments for PTSD and the current challenges in the treatment of PTSD.
Topic: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

 

 

 

4. Which of the following is not a core feature of posttraumatic stress disorder?
5. prolonged signs of grief

 

1. avoidance of stimuli related to the trauma

 

1. symptoms of re-experiencing the trauma

 

1. increased arousal

 

1. exaggerated startle response

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 4.1 Describe the current diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Topic: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

 

5. Which of the following is a change to the PTSD diagnosis in the DSM-5?
6. Acute stress disorder was added to the DSM-5.

 

1. The diagnosis of PTSD could be made following events that caused shock but were not life threatening.

 

1. The cluster group involving negative alterations in cognitions and mood was removed.

 

1. The term ‘traumatic stress’ was extended to include reactions such as guilt, anger and shame.

 

1. All of the given options are correct.

 

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 4.1 Describe the current diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Topic: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

 

6. Which of the following is not a risk factor for developing PTSD after exposure to a trauma?
7. a history of psychological problems pre-dating the trauma

 

1. male gender

 

1. ongoing stressors after the trauma

 

1. low social support after the trauma

 

1. more severe trauma

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 4.2 Identify the prevalence of PTSD and the course of posttraumatic stress responses.
Topic: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

 

7. Which of the following options is not an example of a re-experiencing symptom of PTSD?
8. intrusive memories

 

1. flashbacks

 

1. nightmares

 

1. avoidance

 

1. reliving the event

 

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 4.1 Describe the current diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Topic: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

 

8. Studies have shown that the normative response following trauma is to:
9. develop PTSD.

 

1. adapt to the experience.

 

1. develop acute stress disorder in the initial days following the event.

 

1. exhibit traumatic stress for longer than one month.

 

1. experience nightmares and shock for up to two weeks following the event.

 

Blooms: Evaluation
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 4.2 Identify the prevalence of PTSD and the course of posttraumatic stress responses.
Topic: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

 

9. Based on research evidence, which of the following is more likely to result in PTSD?
10. war-related trauma

 

1. natural disasters

 

1. interpersonal trauma

 

1. sudden accidents

 

1. None of the given options is correct.

 

Blooms: Evaluation
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 4.2 Identify the prevalence of PTSD and the course of posttraumatic stress responses.
Topic: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

 

10. Which of the following options is an accurate description of the symptoms following trauma?
11. It is common to experience PTSD-like symptoms in the initial weeks after trauma exposure.

 

1. It is common to experience PTSD symptoms on and off for six months.

 

1. It is common to have a diagnosis of PTSD in the first two weeks, but less common after two weeks.

 

1. It is common to develop symptoms of PTSD in the immediate aftermath, but only after interpersonal trauma.

 

1. None of the given options is correct.

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 4.2 Identify the prevalence of PTSD and the course of posttraumatic stress responses.
Topic: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

 

11. Which of the following is a component in the aetiology of PTSD?
12. trauma

 

1. avoidance

 

1. impaired extinction learning

 

1. no opportunity to challenge threat beliefs

 

1. All of the given options are correct.

 

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 4.4 Understand the components of effective treatments for PTSD and the current challenges in the treatment of PTSD.
Topic: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

 

12. In the treatment of PTSD, which pharmacological therapy has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms?
13. serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

 

1. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

 

1. tetracyclic antidepressants

 

1. None of the given options is correct.

 

1. All of the given options are correct.

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 4.4 Understand the components of effective treatments for PTSD and the current challenges in the treatment of PTSD.
Topic: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

 

13. In the psychological treatment of PTSD, which of the following is a component of cognitive behaviour therapy for PTSD?
14. psychoeducation

 

1. anxiety management

 

1. cognitive restructuring

 

1. imaginal exposure

 

1. All of the given options are correct.

 

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 4.4 Understand the components of effective treatments for PTSD and the current challenges in the treatment of PTSD.
Topic: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

 

14. Attempts to prevent PTSD with early intervention have been challenged by:
15. the variation in the types of trauma experienced.

 

1. the low rate of people who develop PTSD.

 

1. natural remission rates.

 

1. All of the given options are correct.

 

1. None of the given options is correct.

 

Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 4.4 Understand the components of effective treatments for PTSD and the current challenges in the treatment of PTSD.
Topic: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

 

15. In the current refugee crisis, there are 65 million refugees and internally displaced peoples. Regarding PTSD treatment, this event has highlighted:
16. that the diagnosis of PTSD needs to be broadened.

 

1. that NDMA agonists are promising in treating large groups of people at one time.

 

1. the lack of resources to disseminate evidence-based treatments to a large number of people.

 

1. that PTSD differs between cultures.

 

1. All of the given options are correct.

 

Blooms: Analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 4.4 Understand the components of effective treatments for PTSD and the current challenges in the treatment of PTSD.
Topic: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

 

 

Chapter 04 Test Bank Summary

Category	# of Questions
Blooms: Analysis	7
Blooms: Evaluation	3
Blooms: Knowledge	5
Difficulty: Easy	3
Difficulty: Hard	6
Difficulty: Medium	6
Learning Objective: 4.1 Describe the current diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).	4
Learning Objective: 4.2 Identify the prevalence of PTSD and the course of posttraumatic stress responses.	4
Learning Objective: 4.3 Compare the different models accounting for the development of PTSD.	1
Learning Objective: 4.4 Understand the components of effective treatments for PTSD and the current challenges in the treatment of PTSD.	6
Topic: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders	15