CJ 3rd Edition by Larry K. Gaines – Test Bank

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CJ 3rd Edition by Larry K. Gaines – Test Bank

 Sample Questions

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Chapter_02___The_Crime_Picture__Theories_and_Trends

 

 

True / False

 

1. A theory is an explanation of a happening or circumstance that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning.
2. a. True
3. False

 

ANSWER:                            True REFERENCES:            What Is A Theory? LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.01 – 02.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

 

2. Social conflict theories are a school of criminology that views criminal behavior as the result of class conflict.
3. a. True
4. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

3. Causation between two variables means that they tend to vary together.
4. a. True
5. False

 

ANSWER:                            False REFERENCES:           What Is A Theory? LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.01 – 02.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

4. A sound theory supported by the scientific method proves that a prediction will be correct.
5. a. True
6. False

 

ANSWER:                            False REFERENCES:           What Is A Theory? LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.01 – 02.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

5. The National Crime Victimization Surveys are compiled by the Bureau of Justice Statistics.
6. a. True
7. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    How Is Crime Measured?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.01.02 – 01.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

6. Anomie is defined as a condition in which the individual feels a disconnect from society due to the breakdown or absence of social norms.
7. a. True
8. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.01 – 02.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

7. The FBI divides the criminal offenses it measures into seven major categories.
8. a. True
9. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                    How Is Crime Measured?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.03 – 02.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

8. A neurotransmitter is a chemical that transmits nerve impulses between nerve cells and from nerve cells to the brain. a. True
9. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

9. The amount of crime that goes undetected because it is never reported to police is the definition of the dark figure of crime.
10. a. True
11. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    How Is Crime Measured?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.03 – 02.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

10. 10. The commission of criminal acts is about evenly split males and a. True
11. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                    What Is The State Of Crime In the United States?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.05 – 02.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

Multiple Choice

 

11. 11. Which of the following is the hormone that is primarily associated with criminal activity, especially violent crime?
12. a. testosterone endocrine
13. c. estrogen serotonin

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

 

12. 12. Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter that has been linked to crime?
13. a. testosterone norepinephrine
14. c. dopamine serotonin

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

13. 13. What is an explanation of a happening or circumstance that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning?
14. a. Theory Psychology
15. c. Genetics Criminology

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    What Is A Theory?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.01 – 02.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

14. 14. Which of the following elements is NOT discussed as an important component of social disorganization theory?
15. a. The value of role models with hope for the
16. Disorganized zones exhibit higher rates of crime.
17. c. Those who are labeled as criminals will exhibit more criminal
18. Crime is largely a product of unfavorable conditions in certain communities.

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

15. 15. Which school of criminology considers criminal behavior to be the predictable result of a person’s interaction with

his or her environment interaction with his or her environment?

1. a. social process theory social disorganization theory
2. c. strain theory the Chicago School

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

16. 16. Which drug is most abused by Americans?
17. a. Cocaine Heroin
18. c. Alcohol Marijuana

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    What Is The Connection Between Drug Use And Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

17. 17. Which model believes that addicts are not criminals, but mentally or physically ill individuals who are forced into acts

of petty  crime to “feed their habit?”

1. a. criminal model of addiction legalization model of drugs
2. c. medical model of addiction drug abuse model of crime

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    What Is The Connection Between Drug Use And Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

18. 18. According to the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, most drug users:
19. a. use marijuana and injectable drugs use marijuana only
20. c. use a drug other than marijuana use marijuana and some other drug

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    What Is the Connection Between Drug Use and Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

19. 19. Which of the following is a process through which researchers test the accuracy of a hypothesis?
20. a. pontificating scientific method
21. c. theory prediction

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    What Is A Theory?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.01 – 02.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

20. 20. Which of the following is a proposition that can be tested by researchers or observers to determine if it is valid?
21. a. hypothesis theory
22. c. verification corroboration

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    What Is A Theory?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.01 – 02.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

21. 21. What is occurring when two variables tend to vary together?
22. a. causation hypothesizing
23. c. variability correlation

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    What Is A Theory?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.01 – 02.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

22. 22. The assertion that if the dominant values one is exposed to favor criminal behavior, then that person is more likely to mimic such behavior, is characteristic of which theory?
23. a. learning theory control theory
24. c. strain theory rational choice theory

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

23. 23. A series of theories that assume that all individuals have the potential for criminal behavior, but are restrained by the damage that such actions would do to their relationships with family, friends, and members of the community are called:
24. a. control theories learning theories
25. c. conflict theories labeling theories

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

24. 24. What is the study of crime which is based on the belief that behavioral patterns developed in childhood can predict delinquent and criminal behavior later in life?
25. a. social reality of crime social conflict theory
26. c. psychoanalytic approach life course criminology

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

25. 25. In what type of data collection are individuals asked directly, either through personal interviews, questionnaires, or telephone interviews, about specific criminal activity to which they may have been a party?
26. a. Self-report surveys
27. National Incident-Based Reporting System
28. c. Uniform Crime Reports
29. National Crime Victimization Survey

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    How Is Crime Measured?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.03 – 02.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

26. 26. Which of the following is NOT an argument in support of the National Crime Victimization Survey’s reliability and

accuracy?

1. a. It is unaffected by police bias and distortions in reporting crime to the
2. It measures both reported and unreported crime.
3. c. It does not rely on victims directly reporting a crime to the
4. It is compiled by the FBI as a supplement to the Uniform Crime Reports.

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    How Is Crime Measured?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.03 – 02.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

27. 27. The majority of Part I offenses in the Uniform Crime Reports fall into which category?
28. a. motor vehicle theft robbery
29. c. murder larceny/theft

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    How is Crime Measured?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.03 – 02.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

28. 28. Which of the following is NOT one of ways the FBI presents the data compiled in the Uniform Crime Reports?
29. a. As an aggregate, or a total number of crimes
30. As a rate per 100,000 people
31. c. As a percentage change from the previous year or other time periods
32. As an average per metropolitan statistical area

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    How Is Crime Measured?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.03 – 02.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

29. 29. Which of the following is an untrue statement regarding the Uniform Crime Reports?
30. a. it is generally considered the official record of crime in the S.
31. it is able to measure reported crimes
32. c. it is able to measure unreported crime
33. it has a high response rate from law enforcement agencies

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    How Is Crime Measured?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.03 – 02.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

30. 30. The “dark figure of crime” in the United States is:
31. a. really has no relevance to the figures found in the UCR or
32. much larger than the UCR and NCVS suggest.
33. c. much smaller than the UCR and NCVS would
34. about that same as the UCR and NCVS suggest.

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    How Is Crime Measured?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.03 – 02.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

31. 31. Which model of crime holds that illegal drug abusers and addicts endanger society with their behavior and should be punished the same as persons who commit non-drug-related crimes?
32. a. criminal model of addiction legalization model of drugs
33. c. medical model of addiction drug abuse model of crime

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    What Is The Connection Between Drug Use And Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

32. 32. Which model advocate treating addiction as a disease and hold that society should not punish addicts but rather attempt to rehabilitate them, as would be done for any other unhealthy person?
33. a. legalization model of drugs enslavement theory of addiction
34. c. drug abuse model of crime criminal model of addiction

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    What Is The Connection Between Drug Use And Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

33. 33. Which of the following is NOT an argument in support of the National Crime Victimization Survey’s reliability and

accuracy?

1. a. It does not rely on victims directly reporting a crime to the
2. It is compiled by the FBI as a supplement to the Uniform Crime Reports. c. It is unaffected by police bias and distortions in reporting crime to the FBI. d. It measures both reported and unreported crime.

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    How Is Crime Measured?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.03 – 02.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

34. 34. What is happening when one variable is responsible for the change in another variable?
35. a. causation correlation
36. c. variability hypothesizing

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    What Is Theory?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.01 – 02.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

35. 35. What is a category of right provided to victims of crime?
36. a. None of these choices
37. The right to be informed.
38. c. The right to be present during the trial and
39. The right to be heard.

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    What Role Do Victims Play In Criminal Justice?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.04 – 02.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

James Holmes was a twenty­four­year­old graduate student, having spent a year at the University of Colorado’s Center for Neuroscience, when he opened fire in a movie theater in Aurora, Colorado, on July 20, 2012. During his shooting spree, he killed twelve moviegoers and wounded fifty-eight others. About a month before the incident, Holmes abruptly quit the graduate program after performing poorly on an oral exam. Following the

incident, one fellow graduate student remarked that Holmes was a silent loner who “always seemed to be off in his own world, which did not involve other people.”

36. 36. Elevated testosterone levels in violent criminals would lead to which conclusion?
37. a. Violent criminals have a reduced capacity to control their b. Testosterone only appears in violent criminals.
38. c. Violent criminals have little control over their violent
39. Elevated testosterone levels is an infallible predictor of violent behavior.

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAMI.15.01.01 – 01.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Analyze

 

 

37. 37. In what way would a biological explanation of crime be similar to a psychological explanation?
38. a. Both approaches limit the culpability of the
39. Neither approach is grounded in the scientific method.
40. c. Both approaches see criminal behavior mitigated by biological and psychological
41. Socialization of individuals in society have little impact upon biological or psychological explanations of crime.

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAMI.15.01.01 – 01.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Analyze

 

38. 38. In what way would a biological explanation of crime differ from a sociological explanation?
39. a. A person’s sociological outlook is never affected by the state of their biological
40. Biological explanations rest on the assumption that genetics is destiny; sociological approaches do not.
41. c. Biological approaches emphasize external factors such as an individuals biochemistry, whereas sociological approaches emphasize internal
42. Biological and sociological would both emphasize the role of testosterone in crime.

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAMI.15.01.01 – 01.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Analyze

 

39. 39. Based on the preface, which statement is most accurate?
40. a. High levels of testosterone always leads to criminal
41. The inability to deal with a sudden influx of testosterone might explain youthful criminal activity. c. Those with the least amount of testosterone must therefore commit crimes as a rational choice.
42. Since women have lower levels of testosterone than men, they are more likely to commit “crimes of passion.”

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAMI.15.01.01 – 01.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Analyze

 

40. 40. Since not all males with high levels of testosterone commit crimes, which statement must therefore be true?
41. a. High levels of testosterone is an accurate predictor of criminal b. Biological explanations are sufficient to explain criminal behavior.
42. c. Outside or external factors have less impact on decision-making than biological
43. Since women have lower levels of testosterone than men, they probably commit less crime.

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAMI.15.01.01 – 01.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Analyze

 

41. 41. Given the information in the preface,which approach would probably yield the strongest explanation for Holmes’s violence?
42. a. Psychological Biological
43. c. Sociological Historical

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

 

42. 42. Which of the statements below would not support a psychological explanation for Holmes’ crimes?
43. a. Holmes had abruptly quit the graduate
44. A psychiatrist had expressed concerns about Holmes’s mental well­being to the school’s threat assessment

team.

1. c. Holmes was described as a silent loner who “always seemed to be off in his own “
2. Holmes had recently visited a dentist.

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

 

would not be included?

1. a. male
2. the occurrence of a “significant disruption” in their lives, such as a failed exam
3. c. socially awkward and isolated
4. female

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

 

44. 44. If subsequently it was shown that Holmes had elevated levels of testosterone in his blood, then which approach might have the most explanatory powers?
45. a. psychological
46. sociological c. physiological d. biological

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

 

45. 45. The fact that Holmes had been stockpiling weapons before having done poorly on his oral exam contradicts which indictor of a potential “school shooter”?
46. a. male
47. the occurrence of a “significant disruption” in their lives
48. c. socially awkward and isolated
49. female

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

 

he was wearing steel-toed boots and left her with permanent brain injuries. Instead, the teenager was sentenced to

20 years in prison despite evidence he suffers from severe mental illness. In 2012, Rasesh Patel of Lakeland, Florida, told investigators that his wife, Neha, was suffering from postpartum psychosis when she drowned their one-year-old son in a bathtub.

46. 46. If Treacy had showed signs of antisocial behavior when he was younger, this would suggest as an
47. a. learning theory
48. continuity theory of crime
49. c. causation theory
50. rational choice theory

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

 

 

47. 47. Since the defense lawyer for Treacy claimed his client suffered a form of temporary insanity, which academic approach comports with that legal defense?
48. a. Learning theory
49. Continuity theory of crime
50. c. Causation theory Positivism

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

 

48. 48. If Neha’s mother had suffered from postpartum depression, as the lawyers of Patel claim she did, then this would be an example of all of the following except
49. a. genetics
50. trait theory c. causation
51. choice theory

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

 

49. 49. Even if Neha’s mother did pass a gene inclining her daughter to possess certain feelings, theory would nevertheless argue the decision to murder was a
50. a. labeling trait
51. c. causation choice

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

 

50. 50. If Neha had resisted the urge to murder because others she knew continuously commented she was a “good” mother, this would be an example of which theory at work?
51. a. Labeling Trait
52. c. Causation Choice

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

 

In 1995, eminent crime expert James Q. Wilson, noting that the number of young males was set to increase dramatically over the next decade, predicted that “30,000 more young muggers, killers, and thieves” would be on the streets by 2000. “Get ready,” he warned. Other criminologists offered their own dire projections. John DiIulio foresaw a swarm of “juvenile super­predators” on the streets, and James A. Fox prophesied a “blood bath”by

2005. 2005. Given previous data, these experts could be fairly confident in their
2006. 51. The predictions of the researchers in the preface turned out to be wrong, as the crime rate decreased. A possible explanation for this might be
2007. a. the number of young males
2008. the number of young males increased.
2009. c. the number of young females
2010. the number of young females increased.

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    What Is The State Of Crime In the United States?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.05 – 02.05

 

52. 52. By 2008, the United States had entered into an economic recession and since then economic growth has been slow. How should this affect the crime rate?
53. a. It should increase
54. The crime rate should go down.
55. c. In should hold steady as youth populations increase
56. There should be no effect on crime rates due to economic factors

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    What Is The State Of Crime In the United States?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.05 – 02.05

 

53. 53. The crime rate fell during or remained steady from 1995-2011. The reasons for this supports which of the three factors criminologists believe explain crime fluctuations?
54. a. All of these choices
55. Imprisonment
56. c. Youth populations
57. Economy

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    What Is The State Of Crime In the United States?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.05 – 02.05

 

54. 54. Economic growth has been slow since 2008, but with no discernible effect on the crime rate. How might criminologists explain this?
55. a. All of these choices
56. “zero­tolerance” policies have put more people in prison
57. c. Police tactics have become more
58. Those most heavily involved in a crack cocaine boom in the late 1980s are no longer offending.

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    What Is The State Of Crime In the United States?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.05 – 02.05

 

55. 55. The crime rate is based on reports from state and local law enforcement and these reports may be affected in what way?
56. a. Political pressure from politicians to show progress in fighting crime may artificially lower the numbers being
57. Police department may falsely report increased criminal activity in order to demand more resources.
58. c. Lower crime rates may show the need to revise police
59. There are really no pressures on police departments to alter their crime statistics in any way.

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    How Is Crime Measured?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.04 – 02.04

 

Completion

 

56. 56. A is a possible explanation for an observed occurrence that can be tested by further

 

ANSWER:                            hypothesis REFERENCES:     What Is A Theory? LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.01 – 02.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

 

57. 57. psychology is a branch of psychology that studies how people’s thoughts and behaviors are

influenced by the presence of others.

 

ANSWER:                            Social

REFERENCES:                    Wht Is A Theory?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.01 – 02.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

58. 58. is the scientific study of crime and the causes of criminal

 

ANSWER:                            Criminology REFERENCES:  What Is A Crime? LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.01 – 02.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

59. 59. Strain theory has its roots in the concept of , which results when social change throws behavioral norms into flux, leading to a weakening of social controls and an increase in deviant

 

ANSWER:                            anomie

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

 

60.

 

activity.

is the theory that certain people and places are more likely to be subject to repeated criminal

 

 

ANSWER:                            Repeat victimization

REFERENCES:                    What Role Do Victims Play In Criminal Justice?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.04 – 02.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

61. 61. is when the relationship between two measurements or behaviors tend to move in the same

 

ANSWER:                            Correlation REFERENCES: What Is A Theory? LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.01 – 02.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

62. 62. drugs have chemicals that affect the brain, causing changes in emotions, perceptions, and

 

ANSWER:                            Psychoactive

REFERENCES:                    What Is The Connection Between Drug Use And Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

63. 63. is the science of living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, and

 

ANSWER:                            Biology

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.01 – 02.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

64. 64. are chemical substances that control certain cellular and bodily functions such as growth and reproduction.

 

ANSWER:                            Hormones

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.01 – 02.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

65. 65. The is an annual report compiled by the FBI to give an indication of criminal activity in the United

States

 

ANSWER:                            Uniform Crime Report or UCR REFERENCES:                    How Is Crime Measured? LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.03 – 02.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

Essay

 

66. 66. Identify and explain the three neurotransmitters that seem to be particularly related to aggressive behavior and how they interact with the brain to result in

 

ANSWER:                            ∙ Serotonin, which regulates moods, appetite, and memory.

∙ Norepinephrine, which regulates sleeping cycles and controls how we respond to anxiety, fear, and stress.

∙ Dopamine, which regulates perceptions of pleasure and reward.

∙ Researchers have established that under certain circumstances, low levels of serotonin and high levels of norepinephrine are correlated with aggressive behavior.

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

67. 67. Contrast the medical model of addiction with the criminal model of

 

ANSWER:                            ∙ The medical model of addiction is an approach to drug addiction that treats drug abuse as a mental illness

∙ Those who believe in the medical model of addiction advocate treating addiction as a

disease and hold that society should not punish addicts but rather attempt to rehabilitate them, as would be done for any other unhealthy person

∙ The criminal model of addiction is an approach to drug abuse that treats illegal drug use as a criminal act

∙ The criminal justice system tends to favor the criminal model of addiction over the medical model, as this model holds that drug abusers and addicts endanger society with their behavior and should be punished the same as any other persons who commit crimes that are not drug related

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

68. 68. Briefly list and explain the three branches of social process theories. Explain how one of the theories might be used to explain the crime of

 

ANSWER:                            ∙ Learning theory is the hypothesis that delinquents and criminals must be taught both the practical and emotional skills necessary to participate in illegal activity (Example: a child watches his mother steal from the convenience store every day and so starts to steal from the store himself when he visits)

∙ Control theories are a series of theories that assume that all individuals have the potential for criminal behavior, but are restrained by the damage that such actions would do to their relationships with family, friends, and members of the community (Example: a child does not steal at school even though he really wants the Nike’s his locker mate just received as a present because he is fearful he will be caught and will get in trouble by parents)

∙ Labeling theories support the hypothesis that society creates crime and criminals by labeling certain behavior and certain people as deviant (Example: a teacher thinks a child is stealing things from other students at school, once the child realizes this and is talked to about this, he begins to steal since others think he is labeled as such already)

REFERENCES:                    Which Theories Of Crime Are Most Widely Accepted?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

69. 69. Identify the publication in which the FBI reports crime data and list the three ways in which the data is

 

ANSWER:                            ∙ The FBI Uniform Crime Report is an annual report compiled by the FBI to give an indication of criminal activity in the United States.

∙ The three ways in which the data is reported are: 1) as a rate per 100,000 people, 2) as a

percentage change from the previous year or other time periods, 3) as an aggregate, or a total number of crimes

REFERENCES:                    How Is Crime Measured?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.03 – 02.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

70. 70. Explain the National Crime Victimization Surveys and why they may be useful in understanding

 

ANSWER:                            ∙ The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) started in 1972 and is conducted by the U.S. Bureau of the Census in cooperation with the Bureau of Justice Statistics of the Justice Department

∙ The NCVS conducts an annual survey of more than 40,000 households with nearly 75,000 occupants over twelve years of age.

∙ Participants are interviewed twice a year concerning their experiences with crimes in the prior six months

∙ It is superior to the UCR in that: 1) it measures both reported and unreported crime; 2) it is unaffected by police bias and distortions in reporting crime to the FBI; it does not rely on victims directly reporting crime to the police

∙ Most important, some supporters say, is that the NCVS gives victims a voice in the criminal justice process.

REFERENCES:                    How Is Crime Measured?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.03 – 02.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

71. 71. What is a crime victim and what rights have they been given?

 

ANSWER:                            1. The right to be informed. This includes receiving information about victims’ rights in general, as well as specific information such as the dates and time of court proceedings relating to the relevant crime.

2. 2. The right to be present. This includes the right to be present at those court hearings

involving the case at hand, as long as the victim’s presence

does not interfere with the rights of the accused.

3. 3. The right to be heard. This includes the ability to consult with prosecutorial officials before the criminal trial to speak during the sentencing phase of the trial, and to offer an opinion when the offender is scheduled to be released from

Some jurisdictions also provide victims with the right of law enforcement protection from the offender during the time period before a criminal trial. In addition, most states require restitution, or monetary payment, from offenders to help victims repay any

costs associated with the crime and rebuild their lives. REFERENCES:                    What Role Do Victims Play In Criminal Justice? LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.04 – 02.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

72. 72. How is crime linked to race, poverty, gender and mental illness?

 

ANSWER:                            A black man is almost twelve times more likely than a white man to be sent to prison for a drug-related conviction, while black women are about five times more likely than white women to be incarcerated for a drug offense.

However, one researcher found that, regardless of race, a person is at a much higher risk of violent offending or being a victim of violence if he or she lives in a disadvantaged neighborhood.

Crime is an overwhelmingly male activity. More than 68 percent of all murders involve a male victim and a male perpetrator, and in only 2.2 percent of homicides are both the offender and the victim female.

Although the possibility of violent behavior increases for those with serious conditions such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder,98 the most  significant risk factor for the mentally ill is substance abuse.

REFERENCES:                    What Is The State Of Crime In the United States?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.05 – 02.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

73. 73. Review the theories of drug use, abuse and

 

ANSWER:                            When people speak of the drug problem, or the war on drugs, or drug abuse, they are referring specifically to illegal psychoactive drugs, which affect the brain and alter consciousness or perception.

Science has aided in understanding the difference between drug use and drug abuse. Drug abuse can be defined as the use of any drug— licit or illicit—that causes either psychological or bodily harm to the abuser or to third parties.

Social disorganization theory holds that rapid social change can cause people to become disaffiliated from mainstream society, causing them to turn to drugs.

Control theory suggests that a lack of social control, as provided by entities such as the family or school, can lead to antisocial behavior.

Learning theory rests on the hypothesis that delinquents and criminals must be taught both the practical and the emotional skills necessary to participate in illegal activity. Life course criminology is the study of crime based on the belief that behavioral patterns developed in childhood can predict delinquent and criminal

behavior later in life.

REFERENCES:                    What Is The Connection Between Drug Use And Crime?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.02.02 – 02.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

 

Chapter_04__Law_Enforcement_Today

 

 

True / False

 

1. According to Bittner, the function of the police is to solve any problem that may possibly, though not necessarily,

require the use of force.

1. a. True
2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    What Do Police Do?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.01 – 04.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

 

2. A great deal of a police officer’s time is spent performing law enforcement duties.
3. a. True
4. False

 

ANSWER:                            False REFERENCES:                                           What Do Police Do? LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.01 – 04.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

3. Of the three levels of law enforcement, municipal agencies have the broadest authority to apprehend criminal suspects, maintain order, and provide services to the community.
4. a. True
5. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

4. The majority of sheriff’s in the United States are elected.
5. a. True
6. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

5. The Secret Service is responsible for the Treasury Police Force.
6. a. True
7. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

6. The oldest federal law enforcement agency in the United States is the U.S. Marshals Service.
7. a. True
8. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

7. To avoid negative publicity, private security companies are becoming more professional through increased training and better screening of employees.
8. a. True
9. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.05 – 04.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

8. Budget cuts in states and municipalities have forced reductions in the number of public police, thereby raising the demand for private ones.
9. a. True
10. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.05 – 04.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

9. The low percent of women in local police forces due primarily to their disinterest in careers in law enforcement.
10. a. True
11. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                    What Is the Status of Women and Minorities in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.03 – 04.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

10. 10. Tokenism is one challenge facing female police officers
11. a. True
12. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    What Is the Status of Women and Minorities in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.03 – 04.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

11. 11. Recruitment is the process by which law enforcement agencies develop a pool of qualified applicants a. True
12. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    How Does Someone Become a Police Officer?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.02 – 04.02

 

12. 12. Academy training is the segment of a police recruit’s training in which he or she is removed from the classroom and

placed on the beat, under the supervision of a senior officer. a. True

1. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                    How Does Someone Become a Police Officer?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.03 – 04.03

 

13. 13. During the probationary period an officer may be fired without a. True
14. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                    How Does Someone Become a Police Officer?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.03 – 04.03

 

14. 14. There are few benefits to having a diverse police
15. a. True
16. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                    What Is the Status of Women and Minorities in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.03 – 04.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

15. 15. White officers face double
16. a. True
17. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                    What Is the Status of Women and Minorities in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.03 – 04.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

Multiple Choice

 

16. 16. Which of the following is NOT one of the areas the FBI has jurisdiction over?
17. a. white collar crimes civil rights violations
18. c. espionage transportation of federal prisoners

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

 

17. 17. After surveying a year’s worth of dispatch data from the Wilmington (Delaware) Police Department, researchers Jack Greene and Carl Klockars found that officers spent how much of their time enforcing the law or dealing with crimes?
18. a. one-fourth half
19. c. two-thirds three-fourths

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    What Do the Police Do?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.01 – 04.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

18. 18. In the public’s mind, the primary responsibility of the police is which of the following?
19. a. to enforce laws to provide services
20. c. to prevent crime to preserve the peace

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    What Do the Police Do?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.01 – 04.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

19. 19. The Uniform Crime Report shows the majority of crimes that do not lead to arrest in the United States are:
20. a. violent crimes violent property crimes
21. c. public annoyances crimes of disorder

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    What Do the Police Do?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.01 – 04.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

20. 20. is one of the most controversial roles of the police because it detracts from the other more visible duties of law
21. a. Enforcing laws Providing services
22. c. Preventing crime Preserving the peace

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    What Do the Police Do?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.01 – 04.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

21. 21. The federal law enforcement agency that has the largest number of officers is the:
22. a. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
23. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
24. c. Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
25. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

22. 22. Which of the following is typically NOT one of the responsibilities of the sheriff’s department?
23. a. operating the jail
24. investigating drug crimes
25. c. carrying out civil and criminal processes within county lines
26. transporting inmates to and from the federal courthouse

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

23. 23. What includes all of the facilities and systems that provide the daily necessities of modern life, such as electric power, food, water, transportation, and telecommunications?
24. a. Tax base Public works projects
25. c. Substructure Infrastructure

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

24. 24. Which level of law enforcement agency has the broadest authority to apprehend criminal suspects, maintain order, and provide services to the community?
25. a. local state
26. c. federal national

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

25. 25. What is the difference between a medical examiner and a coroner?
26. a. medical examiners are licensed physicians, coroners are not coroners also have a legal degree, medical examiners do not c. medical examiners are sworn police officers, coroners are not d. coroners are licensed, medical examiners are not

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

26. 26. Which of the following agencies has the mission to enforce domestic drug laws and regulations and to assist other federal and foreign agencies in combating illegal drug manufacture and trade on an international level?
27. a. FBI ATF
28. c. CIA DEA

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

27. 27. Which of the following is the responsibility of the ATF?
28. a. Enforcing domestic drug laws and regulations and assisting other federal and foreign agencies in combating illegal drug manufacture and trade on an international
29. Monitoring the illegal sale, possession, and use of firearms and the control of untaxed tobacco and liquor products.
30. c. Providing security at federal courts, and controlling property that has been ordered seized by federal
31. Investigating and to enforcing our country’s immigration and customs laws.

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

28. 28. Who investigates cases of tax evasion and fraud?
29. a. Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice
30. c. Department of the Treasury Federal Bureau of Investigation

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

29. 29. Which of the following is NOT one of the duties of a member of the S. Marshals Service?
30. a. investigate federal crimes
31. transport federal prisoners to and from court
32. c. capture fugitives from federal law
33. provide security for federal courts

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

30. 30. Which of the following is one of the primary purposes of S. Customs and Border Protection?
31. a. detaining illegal aliens and deporting them
32. disrupting human trafficking operations
33. c. to facilitate the smooth flow of legal trade and travel
34. ensuring that those without permission do not work or gain other benefits in the U.S.

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

31. 31. The demand for private security in the United States has been:
32. a. growing decreasing
33. c. staying the same exhausted

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.05 – 04.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

32. 32. The predominant goal of private security is to have what affect on crime?
33. a. stop eliminate
34. c. deter catch

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.05 – 04.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

33. 33. Which of the following is NOT one of the issues associated with private security in the S. today?
34. a. lack of standards lack of state regulation
35. c. low pay and lack of benefits rigorous training

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.05 – 04.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

34. 34. Which of the following has contributed to the growth in private security in the S.?
35. a. A decrease in fear of crime on the part of the
36. The problem of crime in the workplace.
37. c. The increase in budgets in states and
38. A decreased awareness of private security products.

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.05 – 04.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

35. 35. Which of the following positions earns the least amount of money compared to the other positions listed here:
36. a. police patrol officers correctional officers
37. c. parking enforcement security guards

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.05 – 04.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

36. 36. Traffic-related functions are more likely to perform by which law enforcement agency?
37. a. The local police departments
38. The sheriffs’ department
39. c. The FBI
40. The state highway patrol

 

ANSWER:                              a

REFERENCES:                     What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                        Bloom’s: Remember

 

37. 37. Roughly what fraction of all sworn police officers work in small- and medium-sized police departments?
38. a. 1/5 1/3 c. 1/2 d. 2/3

 

ANSWER:                              d

REFERENCES:                     What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                        Bloom’s: Remember

 

38. 38. If a private security officer is a witness to a crime, they may do which of the following?
39. a. Make a citizen’s
40. Transport the offender to the police department.
41. c. Make a formal arrest like a law enforcement officer
42. Do nothing.

 

ANSWER:           a

REFERENCES:  What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

KEYWORDS:      Bloom’s: Remember

 

39. 39. Police officers primarily see themselves fulfilling what role?
40. a. crime fighters peace preservers
41. c. public protectors public servants

 

ANSWER:                              a

REFERENCES:                     What Do Police Do?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.01 – 04.01

KEYWORDS:                        Bloom’s: Remember

 

40. 40. Which of the following is not an agency that is housed in the Department of Homeland Security?
41. a. S. Customs and Border Protection
42. Federal Bureau of Investigation
43. c. S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
44. U.S. Secret Service

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

Over the past few years, most local police departments have taken advantage of Facebook and Twitter to improve their ability to communicate with the public. Residents in fifty-one Seattle neighborhoods, for example, can now receive constant updates of nearby criminal activity directly from the police.  The effect of social media, however, may not always be positive.  Greater awareness of local crime could lead to a greater, and unwarranted, fear of becoming a victim. Such awareness might also give residents the impression that the police are not doing their jobs effectively. Furthermore, social media can be notoriously difficult to control, as the case with two West Orange police officers illustrates.

41. 41. If social media were to create too much information for police, then which police responsibility would be most hampered?
42. a. Enforce laws
43. Provide services c. Prevent crime
44. Preserve the peace

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                    What Do Police Do?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.01 – 04.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Analyze

 

 

42. 42. What police responsibility is most enhanced by social media?
43. a. Enforce laws
44. Provide services c. Prevent crime
45. Preserve the peace

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    What Do Police Do?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.01 – 04.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

43. 43. Which statement on social media would be most accurate?
44. a. Social media allows the police to do their jobs more efficiently at all
45. Social media may hamper law enforcement by “clogging” police responsibilities with inefficiencies.
46. c. Social media’s ability to allow police to communicate in real time with the public has lowered the public’s
47. Social media, including YouTube, is a win-win for the public and law enforcement.

 

ANSWER:           b

REFERENCES:  What Do Police Do?

KEYWORDS:      Bloom’s: Apply

 

44. 44. Which statement reflects law enforcement’s experiences with the use of social media?
45. a. It has had positive and negative
46. Law enforcement has had only positive experiences.
47. c. The public’s view of law enforcement has improved due to law enforcement’s use of social d. Law enforcement will likely curtain its use of social media in the future.

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    What Do Police Do?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.01 – 04.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

45. 45. Which statement may be the end result of law enforcement’s use of technologies, such as radios, cameras, computers, and now social media?
46. a. The “beat cop” may in the future conduct his job more via the
47. Law enforcement has continually incorporated technology into its operations, and will likely continue to do so into the future.
48. c. There will be more rather than fewer people following, and thus critiquing, police d. All of these choices

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    What Do Police Do?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.01 – 04.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

On February 12, 2013, during a shootout with the police, Christopher Dorner took his own life inside a mountain cabin near Big Bear, California. The suicide ended a ten-day manhunt for Dorner, who was a suspect in three murders, including the ambush killing of a Riverside (California) police officer. Thousands of law enforcement agents took part in the intense search for Dorner, including members of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, the San Bernardino County Sheriff ’s Department, and the Las Vegas and Los Angeles Police Departments. The effort to capture Dorner stretched across the southwest United States and into Mexico.

46. 46. Which law enforcement agency would have provided the most personnel to finding Dorner?
47. a. state police
48. Los Angeles city police c. FBI
49. county sheriff

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

 

47. 47. Dorner’s suicide ended the police siege. Who, though, would have determined Dorner’s death a suicide?
48. a. district attorney
49. Los Angeles city police c. FBI forensics team
50. coroner

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

48. 48. What effect would Dorner’s movement from place to place in an effort to elude the police had?
49. a. Responsibility for Dorner’s capture passed from one law enforcement agency to another as Dorner moved across
50. Coordination amongst those law enforcement agencies involved would have become easier. c. The media would have less interest in the story.
51. More law enforcement jurisdictions would become involved as Dorner moved across jurisdictions.

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

49. 49. The S. Customs and Border Patrol became involved in apprehending Dorner because a. he was seen as a terrorist threat
50. Dorner crossed over county boundries
51. c. the search for Dorner had moved toward the US-Mexico border Dorner had barricaded himself in a mountain cabin

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

50. 50. Which of the following would not be a reason for the FBI’s involvement?
51. a. Many different law enforcement agencies involved Different levels of law agencies were involved
52. c. Dorner had murdered a Riverside (CA) police officer The search involved US border areas

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

The perception that women are not physically strong enough to be effective law enforcement officers prevails both in the public mind and within police forces themselves. Criminologist Susan Martin has found that policewomen

are under “constant pressure to demonstrate their competence and effectiveness vis­à­vis their male

counterparts.” One female police officer describes her experience: I got a call. They send another male officer and then another male officer. The attitude is—get a guy. I’m there with the one male officer and when the other guy shows up, the first male officer says to the second, this is right in front of me—“I’m glad you came.”

51. 51. The statement, “I’m glad you came,” would be an example of
52. a. tokenism
53. sexual harassment c. double marginality d. sexual stereotyping

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    What Is the Status of Women and Minorities in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.03 – 04.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

52. 52. Which law allowed for greater opportunities for women to join police forces?
53. a. discrimination
54. sexual harassment c. affirmative action
55. sexual stereotyping

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                    What Is the Status of Women and Minorities in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.03 – 04.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

53. 53. Policewomen are under “constant pressure to demonstrate their competence and effectiveness” is an example of
54. a. tokenism
55. sexual harassment c. a consent decree d. added scrutiny

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                    What Is the Status of Women and Minorities in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.03 – 04.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

54. 54. The practice of sending only male officers for assistance is an example of
55. a. discrimination
56. sexual harassment c. affirmative action d. double marginality

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    What Is the Status of Women and Minorities in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.03 – 04.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

55. 55. The presence of the female officer but the reluctance to use her in the same way as the male officers could be evidence of
56. a. tokenism
57. sexual harassment c. double marginality d. parity

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                    What Is the Status of Women and Minorities in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.03 – 04.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

Completion

 

56. 56. The primary law enforcement officer in a countyis the .

 

ANSWER:                            sheriff

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

 

57. 57. The is the medical examiner of a county, usually elected by popular

 

ANSWER:                            coroner

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

58. 58. The branch of the Department of Justice that is responsible for investigating violations of federal law is the

                    .

 

ANSWER:                            Federal Bureau of Investigation

FBI

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

59. 59. The               is federal agency responsible for enforcing the nation’s federal gambling laws

 

ANSWER:                            ATF

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

60. 60. The is a federal law enforcement organization with the primary responsibility of protecting the

president, the president’s family, the vice president, and other important political figures.

 

ANSWER:                            United States Secret Service

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

61. 61. The period of time at the beginning of a police officer’s career during which he or she may be fired without cause

is called the                      .

 

ANSWER:                            probationary period

REFERENCES:                    How Does Someone Become a Police Officer?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.02 – 04.02

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

62. 62. Private security is the practice of private corporations or individuals offering services traditionally performed by

                    .

 

ANSWER:                            police

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.05 – 04.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

63. 63. A uniformed security guard patrolling a shopping mall parking lot or a bank lobby has one primary function— to convince a potential criminal to search out a shopping mall or bank that does not have private security, this is known as the

 

ANSWER:                            deterrence

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

64. 64. The Federal Bureau of Investigation is a part of the Department of .

 

ANSWER:                            Justice

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

65. 65. The medical examiner of a county, usually elected by popular vote, is called a               .

 

ANSWER:                            coroner

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

 

Essay

 

66. 66. What challenges do women face in law enforcement?

 

ANSWER:                            ∙ Women in law enforcement face sexual harassment, outdated stereotypes, and tokenism. Furthermore, Relatively few women hold leadership positions in American policing.

∙ Many male police officers feel that their female counterparts are mentally soft, physically weak, and generally unsuited for the rigors of the job.

∙ Women in law enforcement also face the problem of tokenism, or the belief that they have been hired or promoted to fulfill diversity requirements

and have not earned their positions.

* Sexual harassment is a repeated pattern of unwelcome sexual advances and/or obscene remarks in the workplace.

Under certain circumstances, sexual harassment is illegal and can be the basis for a civil lawsuit.

REFERENCES:                    What Is the Status of Women and Minorities in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.03 – 04.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

67. 67. Discuss and explain at least three reasons why the field of private security continues to grow in the United

 

ANSWER:                            ∙ An increase in fear on the part of the public triggered by media coverage of crime.

∙ The problem of crime in the workplace. According to the University of Florida’s National

Retail Security Survey, American retailers lose more than $40 billion a year because of shoplifting and employee theft.

∙ Budget cuts in states and municipalities that have forced reductions in the number of public police, thereby raising the demand for private ones.

∙ A rising awareness of private security products (such as home burglar alarms) and service as cost-effective protective measures.

∙ Another reason for the industry’s continued health is terrorism. Private security is responsible for protecting more than three­fourths of the nation’s likely terrorist targets such as power plants, financial centers, dams, malls, oil refineries, and railroad lines.

REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.05 – 04.05

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

68. 68. Explain the role of at least three federal law enforcement agencies in the S.

 

ANSWER:                            ∙ U.S. Customs and Border Protection – The federal agency responsible for protecting U.S. borders and facilitating legal trade and travel across those borders.

∙ U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement ­ The federal agency that enforces the nation’s

immigration and customs laws.

∙ U.S. Secret Service – A federal law enforcement organization with the primary responsibility of

protecting the president, the president’s family, the vice president, and other important

political figures.

∙ Federal Bureau of Investigation – The branch of the Department of Justice responsible for investigating violations of federal law.

∙ Drug Enforcement Administration ­ The federal agency responsible for enforcing the nation’s

laws and regulations regarding narcotics and other controlled substances. REFERENCES:                    What Are the Different Kinds of Law Enforcement Agencies? LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.04 – 04.04

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

69. 69. List and explain the four basic responsibilities of the

 

ANSWER:                            ∙ Enforce laws ­ In their role as “crime fighters,” police officers have a clear mandate to seek out and apprehend those who have violated the law. The crime­fighting responsibility is so dominant that all police activity— from the purchase of new automobiles to a plan to hire more minority officers— must often be justified in terms of its law enforcement value.

∙ Provide services ­ The services that police provide are numerous—a partial list would include directing traffic, performing emergency medical procedures, counseling those involved in domestic disputes, providing directions to tourists, and finding lost children. Along with firefighters, police officers are among the first public servants to arrive at disaster scenes to conduct search and rescue operations. This particular duty adds considerably to the dangers faced by law enforcement agents. They also conduct community policing.

∙ Prevent crime – When crime rates begin to rise in a community, citizens tend to demand that the police “do something” to prevent crimes from occurring in the first place. On a limited basis, police can certainly prevent some crimes by patrol, but it is simply impossible for them to prevent every crime.

∙ Preserve the peace – Police have the legal authority to use the power of arrest, or even force, in situations in which no crime has yet occurred but might occur in the immediate future, i.e. somewhat of a peacekeeping role

REFERENCES:                    What Do Police Do?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.01 – 04.01

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

70. 70. What challenges do minorities in law enforcement face?

 

ANSWER:                            ∙ Minorities in law enforcement face many of the same problems women face: outdated stereotypes, tokenism, and relatively few minorities hold leadership positions in American policing.  Minorities also face double marginality and if you are a minority women, sexual harassment.

∙ Minorities in law enforcement also face the problem of tokenism, or the belief that they have been hired or promoted to fulfill diversity requirements and have not earned their positions.

* Sexual harassment is a repeated pattern of unwelcome sexual advances and/or obscene remarks in the workplace. Under certain circumstances, sexual harassment is illegal and can be the basis for a civil lawsuit.

Double marginality refers to a situation in which minority officers are viewed with suspicion by both sides: 1. White police officers believe that minority officers will give members of their own race or ethnicity better treatment on the streets. 2. Those same minority officers face hostility from members of their own community who are under the impression that black and Hispanic officers are traitors to their race or ethnicity.

REFERENCES:                    What Is the Status of Women and Minorities in Policing?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  CRIM.GAIN.15.04.03 – 04.03

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply