Crime and Punishment A History of the Criminal Justice System 2nd International Editionby Mitchel P. Roth – Test Bank

Description

Crime and Punishment A History of the Criminal Justice System 2nd International Editionby Mitchel P. Roth – Test Bank

 Sample Questions

Instant Download With Answers

CHAPTER 2

     

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. According to ecclestiacal law, the worst fate that could befall a member of the clergy was
2. hanging
3. fines
4. excommunication*
5. crucifixion

 

2. In 1066
3. Germanic mercenaries defeated the Vikings
4. the Normans were defeated at the Battle of Hastings
5. the Normans defeated the Anglo-Saxons and conquered England*
6. Alfred the Great united England

 

3. Which of the following was not introduced to England by the Normans?
4. the curfew
5. the tithing*
6. the jury system
7. the feudal system

 

4. All of the following were intergral parts of the legal process under the Anglo-Saxons prior to the Norman invasion except
5. compurgatory oaths
6. trial by battle*
7. ordeal by water or fire
8. the bier right

 

5. At the Fourth Lateran Council
6. the stage was set for teh curtailment of the ancient system of trial by ordeal*
7. the clergy was given permission to participate in trials
8. ordeals were replaced with oaths
9. trial by battle was outlawed

 

6. The earliest recorded Anglo Saxon laws were called
7. codices
8. dooms*
9. tithings
10. guilds

 

 

7. In the days of decentralized administration and poor communications
8. the hue and cry became an outdated procedure for capturing criminals
9. England had an advanced penology system
10. it was important that everyone could read
11. the hue and cry procedure was the only effective method of apprehending a fugitive offender*

 

8. The term “law” originated with the
9. French
10. Saxons
11. Danes*
12. Celts

 

9. According to English law during the Middle Ages
10. one could take sanctuary in a church after committing crimes such as treason and heresy
11. an accused felon could take refuge in a church for 40 days*
12. the church was considered off limits to felons
13. any felon taking refuge in a church for any length of time had to supply his own food and drink from sources other than the church

 

10. The Magna Carta was signed in
11. 1285
12. 1215*
13. 1315
14. 1066

 

11. In the mid-1300s feudalism began to decline as a system
12. because of the devastation caused by the Black Death*
13. with the beginning of the Protestant Reformation
14. because of the Crusades
15. because of the rapid expansion of urban life

 

12. Which of the following criminal justice professions originated in England prior to the Norman Invasion?
13. coroner
14. bailiff
15. sheriff*
16. constable

 

13. The concept of extended kinship groups of blood relations is most closely asssociatd with the
14. Normans
15. Vikings
16. Germanic tribes
17. Celts

 

14. Compurgators were
15. early trial judges
16. contestants in judicial duels
17. criminals allowed to remain free until trial
18. oath helpers

 

15. Which felony was most rare in the Middle Ages?
16. homicide
17. rape
18. arson
19. theft

 

16. The position of bailiff developed out of the
17. Assize of Clarendon
18. Statute of Winchester*
19. Protestant Reformation
20. Assize of Arms

 

17. The Saxons came to Britain from what is now
18. France
19. Germany*
20. Denmark
21. Scotland

 

18. What was the largest demographic unit in Anglo-Saxon England?
19. shires*
20. hundreds
21. tithings
22. witans

 

19. Early Anglo-Saxon law was based on
20. customs*
21. precedents
22. Roman law
23. none of the above

 

20. During the Renaissance the study of Roman Civil law enjoyed renewed popularity beginning in which country?
21. England
22. France
23. Italy*
24. Germany

 

 

21. All of the following could select a champion to fight on their behalf in cases of trial by battle except
22. women
23. children
24. priests
25. non-Christian men and women*

 

22. Separate church courts were introduced to England by
23. Henry II
24. William I*
25. Henry VIII
26. Richard Lionheart

 

23. How many times could an individual claim “benefit of clergy?”
24. it depended on whether an individual was a member of the clergy
25. two
26. three
27. once*

 

24. Which event rekindled anti-Catholicism in the 1600s?
25. the English Civil War
26. the Gunpowder Plot*
27. the execution of William Wallace
28. the impeachment of the pope for salacious behavior

 

25. Which official was considered the “cornerstone of British law and order” by the 1360s?
26. sheriff
27. the Charley
28. the justice of the peace*
29. thief takers

 

 

TRUE/FALSE

 

26. During the Anglo-Saxon period there was no distinction between felonies and misdemeanors. (T)

 

27. The Magna Carta and the Fourth Lateran Council took place exactly one century apart. (F)

 

28. Homicides were relatively rare in medieval England. (F)

 

29. According to Anglo Saxon tradition trial by ordeal was usually considered the first resort for determining guilt or innocence. (F)

 

30. Following the Norman Conquest, William I adopted a number of Anglo-Saxon criminal justice procedures. (T)

 

CHAPTER 4

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The federal courts were created by the
2. Bill of Rights
3. Judiciary Act of 1789*
4. Declaration of Independence
5. U.S. Supreme Court

 

2. Which step is considered one of the earliest attempts at crime control?
3. riot control training
4. the implementation of an identification system
5. street lighting*
6. the installation of “Centinel Boxes”

 

3. The ruling in the case of Aymette vs. the State
4. supported the right to bear arms
5. supported the right to a jury trial
6. made a distinction between weapons used for common defense and those that are not*
7. led to the first handgun control act

 

4. John Adams cited the work of which criminal justice reformer in his defense of soldiers in the Boston Massacre trial?
5. John Colquhoun
6. Cesare Beccaria*
7. Henry Fielding
8. Benjamin Rush

 

5. America’s first vigilante organization appeared in
6. South Carolina*
7. Virginia
8. Massachusetts
9. North Carolina

 

6. ”Tarleton’s Quarter” referred to
7. the rescue of American prisoners by British troops
8. the killing of prisoners by British troops*
9. at attempt at reconciliation during the Revolution
10. the treatment of British troops in the Revolutionary War

 

 

7. Which prison reformer targeted the deplorable conditions of convict hulks and jails of Britain?
8. Benjamin Rush
9. William Penn
10. Thomas Eddy
11. John Howard*

 

8. Which city is considered the birthplace of the American penitentiary?
9. Philadelphia*
10. Newgate
11. New York City
12. Boston

 

9. At the time of the American Revolution which category of confinement existed?
10. debtor’s prisons
11. jails
12. houses of correction
13. all of the above*
14. both a and b

 

10. Which event proved the first threat to the laws of the U.S. Constitution?
11. the Boston Massacre
12. the Whiskey Rebellion*
13. the Boston Tea Party
14. Bacon’s Rebellion

 

11. Which individual is credited with creating the Bow Street Runners?
12. John Fielding
13. Henry Fielding*
14. John Colquhoun
15. Jonathan Wild

 

12. Which explanation explains the rise of crime in the years before the American Revolution?
13. rising wages
14. increased religious zeal
15. urban growth*
16. the growing ethnic diversity of the colonies

 

13. Following the Revolutionary War
14. the American Army looted New York City
15. the American Army served a brief interlude as peacekeeper in New York City*
16. it was necessary to place New York City under martial law
17. the night watch system proved an effective crime fighting tool

 

14. The position of jailer in revolutionary America proved
15. to be a lucrative one*
16. to be the most despised position in criminal justice
17. to be an important step toward reforming prison conditions
18. none of the above

 

15. Which institution is considered one of the first in the world to house exclusively juveniles?
16. Walnut Street Jail
17. Newgate Prison
18. the Hospice of San Michele*
19. the Mt. Holly workhouse

 

16. The term “regulator” is most identified with
17. early police in the countryside
18. early vigilantes*
19. members of the slave patrols
20. early members of the legal profession

 

17. According to historian Hiller B. Zobel, which trial should be remembered as “The Birth of American Justice?”
18. the Zenger Trial
19. the Boston Massacre Trial*
20. the Salem Witchcraft Trial
21. the Marbury Case

 

18. According to historian Samuel Walker had a major impact on criminal           justice, speeding up the process of reform and accentuating the differences between            American and English law.
19. the Seven Years War
20. the Declaration of Independence
21. the U.S. Constitution
22. the American Revolution*

 

19. In 1794 which state came the closest to eliminating the death penalty for all crimes except first-degree murder?
20. Pennsylvania*
21. Virginia
22. New York
23. Maryland

 

20. During the Revolutionary era no city saw more more mob violence than this city…
21. Charleston
22. New York City
23. Boston*
24. Philadelphia

 

21. This police reformer wrote Treatise on the Police of the Metropolis and helped create the Thames River Police.
22. Robert Peel
23. Patrick Colquhoun*
24. Henry Fielding
25. Benjamin Rush

 

22. Following the death of William Penn
23. Pennsylvania decreased its number of capital crimes
24. Pennsylvania began to move away from England’s “sanguinary laws”
25. new capital crimes were added to Pennsylvania’s penal code*
26. penal reform accelerated in Pennsylvania

 

23. Which individual introduced the word “penitentiary” to the penal lexicon?
24. William Penn
25. Benjamin Rush
26. John Howard*
27. William Penn

 

24. Which activity is a good example of extralegal peacekeeping?
25. rioting
26. vigilantism*
27. hanging
28. dueling

 

25. The majority of the members of the U.S. Constitutional Convention were
26. lawyers*
27. Whigs
28. Tories or Loyalists
29. from the middle and lower classes

 

 

TRUE/FALSE

 

26. Rioting and mob violence were common throughout the revolutionary era. (T)

 

27. A tradition developed in New England that tended to punish property crimes more severely than crimes of personal violence. (F)

 

28. The U.S. Constitution established the Department of Justice. (F)

 

29. Following the American Revolution colonists were eager for a national police force. (F)

 

30. By the 1790s several states had abolished the death penalty. (F)