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Criminology The Core 5th Edition by Larry J. Siegel – Test Bank
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| Chapter_02_The_Nature_and_Extent_of_Crime
1. The Bureau of Justice Statistics is the federal agency that collects data from local law enforcement agencies and publishes them yearly in its Uniform Crime Report (UCR).
| ANSWER: |
False |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 2. The “Hierarchy Rule” impacts the validity of the National Crime Victimization Survey.
| ANSWER: |
False |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 3. The National Crime Victimization Survey addresses the nonreporting of crime issue inherent in the UCR.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 4. Critics of self-report studies frequently suggest that expecting people to candidly admit illegal acts is unreasonable.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 5. Although people are disturbed by media accounts of violent incidents, in reality media reports simply reflect the significant increase in violent crimes since 1991.
| ANSWER: |
False |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Trends |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 6. Property crime rates have declined in recent years, dropping more than 10 percent during the past decade.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Trends |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 7. The age structure of the population has a significant influence on crime trends.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 8. As the number of guns in the population increases, so do violent crime rates.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Trends |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.02 – 02.02 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 9. Most reported crimes occur during the months of April and May.
| ANSWER: |
False |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 10. Those living in poverty engage in disproportionate amounts of expressive crimes, such as rape and assault.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 11. The weight of recent research suggests that serious crime is more prevalent in socially disorganized lower-class areas.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 12. Chronic offenders eventually age out of crime.
| ANSWER: |
False |
| REFERENCES: |
Chronic Offenders/Criminal Careers |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.06 – 02.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 13. Racial threat theory contends that as the percentage of African Americans in the population increases, so does the amount of social control that the justice system aims at blacks.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 14. Racial and ethnic differentials in crime rates are tied to economic and social disparity.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 15. Wolfgang and associates’ second cohort study found that 6 percent of female delinquents were chronic offenders.
| ANSWER: |
False |
| REFERENCES: |
Chronic Offenders/Criminal Careers |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.06 – 02.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 16. According to the research on chronic offenders, arrests and court experiences deter chronic offenders.
| ANSWER: |
False |
| REFERENCES: |
Chronic Offenders/Criminal Careers |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.06 – 02.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 17. Repeat offenders usually begin their careers at a very early age.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Chronic Offenders/Criminal Careers |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.05 – 02.05 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 18. Rehabilitation is the current sentencing approach taken to deal with chronic offenders.
| ANSWER: |
False |
| REFERENCES: |
Chronic Offenders/Criminal Careers |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.06 – 02.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 19. Most people commit less crime as they mature.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 20. The elderly are particularly resistant to the temptations of crime.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
21. The Uniform Crime Report is a primary source of crime data collected by the
| |
a. |
National Institute of Justice. |
| |
b. |
Bureau of Justice Statistics. |
| |
c. |
Federal Bureau of Investigation. |
| |
d. |
Office of Juvenile Justice. |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
22. The UCR contains data on Part I and Part II crimes. Which of the following is not a Part I crime?
| |
a. |
Hate crime |
| |
b. |
Arson |
| |
c. |
Forcible rape |
| |
d. |
Aggravated assault |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
23. What shortcoming in the UCR is addressed by the National Crime Victimization survey?
| |
a. |
The “Sampling Rule” |
| |
b. |
The non clearance issue |
| |
c. |
The “Hierarchy Rule” |
| |
d. |
The nonreporting issue |
| ANSWER: |
d |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
24. The UCR expresses data as raw figures, crime rates, and changes in the number and rate over time. How are crime rates expressed in the UCR?
| |
a. |
Rates per 1,000 total U.S. population |
| |
b. |
Rates per 10,000 total U.S. population |
| |
c. |
Rates per 100,000 total U.S. population |
| |
d. |
Rates per 1,000,000 total U.S. population |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
25. The NCVS annually samples more than 40,000 _________ in order to estimate crime victimization.
| |
a. |
juveniles |
| |
b. |
households |
| |
c. |
police departments |
| |
d. |
offenders |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
26. Survey research involves _____, which is the process of selecting for study a limited number of subjects who are representative of entire groups sharing similar characteristics, called the population.
| |
a. |
locating |
| |
b. |
measuring |
| |
c. |
sampling |
| |
d. |
sectioning |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
27. Although self-report studies can be used to examine the offense history of prison inmates and drug users, most self-report studies have focused on _____ crime.
| |
a. |
adult |
| |
b. |
youth |
| |
c. |
hate |
| |
d. |
school |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
28. A validity concern associated with the NCVS involves
| |
a. |
victims overreporting crime. |
| |
b. |
its large sample size. |
| |
c. |
interviewing household members under the age of 12. |
| |
d. |
police officers who fail to disclose crimes in which they are involved. |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
29. The reporting accuracy of self-report studies is affected by the _____ phenomenon.
| |
a. |
“missing cases” |
| |
b. |
“overreporting” |
| |
c. |
“small cohort” |
| |
d. |
“known group” |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
30. According to the 2011 Monitoring the Future survey, the crime problem is
| |
a. |
the same as indicated by the UCR. |
| |
b. |
the same as indicated by the NCVS. |
| |
c. |
less than the UCR and NCVS indicate. |
| |
d. |
greater than the UCR and NCVS indicate. |
| ANSWER: |
d |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
31. When evaluating the three primary sources of crime data, the crime patterns and trends are
| |
a. |
often quite dissimilar. |
| |
b. |
often quite similar. |
| |
c. |
incapable of providing an accurate picture of crime. |
| |
d. |
not consistent over time. |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
32. How does today’s violent crime rate compare to the violent crime rate in 1991?
| |
a. |
Today’s violent crime rate has increased by nearly 20 percent. |
| |
b. |
Today’s violent crime rate has increased by nearly 40 percent. |
| |
c. |
Today’s violent crime rate has decreased by nearly 20 percent. |
| |
d. |
Today’s violent crime rate has decreased by nearly 40 percent. |
| ANSWER: |
d |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Trends |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.02 – 02.02 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
33. According to UCR data, what is known about today’s property crime rate?
| |
a. |
The property crime rate has dropped more than 10 percent in the past decade. |
| |
b. |
The property crime rate has increased by nearly 33 percent in the past decade. |
| |
c. |
The property crime rate has significantly fluctuated in the past decade. |
| |
d. |
The property crime rate has remained relatively stable in the past decade. |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Trends |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.02 – 02.02 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
34. Which of the following factors has been the most stable indicator of criminal likelihood?
| |
a. |
Age |
| |
b. |
Income |
| |
c. |
Race/ethnicity |
| |
d. |
Temperature |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
35. Franklin Zimring and Gordon Hawkins believe the _____ is the single most significant factor separating the crime problem in the United States from that of the rest of the developed world.
| |
a. |
degree of economic opportunity |
| |
b. |
proliferation of handguns |
| |
c. |
abortion rate |
| |
d. |
immigrant population |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
36. Referring to the ecology of crime, which statement about crime and temperature is accurate?
| |
a. |
Crime increases as temperature increases. |
| |
b. |
Crime decreases as temperature increases. |
| |
c. |
Crime and temperature are inversely related. |
| |
d. |
Crime and temperature show no relationship. |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
37. Referring to the ecology of crime, which of the following settings has the highest violent crime rate?
| |
a. |
An urban area in the northeast |
| |
b. |
A rural area in northeast |
| |
c. |
An urban area in the south |
| |
d. |
A rural area in the south |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
38. People living in poverty are believed to engage in disproportionate amounts of _____ crimes, such as rape and assault, as a result of their rage, anger, and frustration against society.
| |
a. |
deliberate |
| |
b. |
expressive |
| |
c. |
instrumental |
| |
d. |
defensive |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
39. UCR data associate social class with crime, indicating higher crime rates in inner-city, high-poverty areas. An alternative explanation for the association between social class and crime is ____, not actual criminal behavior patterns.
| |
a. |
social stereotyping |
| |
b. |
population diversity |
| |
c. |
law enforcement practices |
| |
d. |
unemployment and underemployment |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
40. What biological process accounts for desistance and aging out?
| |
a. |
The level of hormone activity in the brain |
| |
b. |
The end of growth spurts |
| |
c. |
Better diets |
| |
d. |
Energy decline |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
41. Crime peaks in adolescence and then declines rapidly thereafter. What is the peak age for property crime?
| |
a. |
14 |
| |
b. |
16 |
| |
c. |
18 |
| |
d. |
20 |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
42. The view of crime suggesting that the social and economic roles of women in society control their crime rates is termed
| |
a. |
liberation theory. |
| |
b. |
the femininity hypothesis. |
| |
c. |
the masculinity hypothesis. |
| |
d. |
liberal feminist theory. |
| ANSWER: |
d |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
43. _____ theory suggests that as the African-American population increases, so does the amount of social control directed at them. This type of racism could account for the higher rates of minority crime in UCR data.
| |
a. |
Police control |
| |
b. |
Racial threat |
| |
c. |
Racial control |
| |
d. |
Police threat |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
44. In Wolfgang et al.’s study of male juvenile delinquents, what percentage consisted of chronic offenders?
| |
a. |
6 percent |
| |
b. |
10 percent |
| |
c. |
16 percent |
| |
d. |
20 percent |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
45. Wolfgang et al.’s second cohort study tracked males and females. What percentage of chronic offenders consisted of females?
| |
a. |
1 percent |
| |
b. |
3 percent |
| |
c. |
6 percent |
| |
d. |
9 percent |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Chronic Offenders/Criminal Careers |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
46. Discovery of the chronic offender has forced criminologists to consider _____ in their explanations of crime.
| |
a. |
marriage and employment |
| |
b. |
supervision and control |
| |
c. |
persistence and desistence |
| |
d. |
age and gender |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Chronic Offenders/Criminal Careers |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
47. Which of the following is not mentioned as a predictive factor for chronicity?
| |
a. |
Beginning lawbreaking at an early age |
| |
b. |
Single-parent households |
| |
c. |
Low intellectual development |
| |
d. |
Parental drug involvement |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Chronic Offenders/Criminal Careers |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
48. Who has become a central focus of crime control policy?
| |
a. |
Chronic offenders |
| |
b. |
Elderly offenders |
| |
c. |
Mass murderers |
| |
d. |
Serial killers |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Chronic Offenders/Criminal Careers |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
49. According to the research on chronic offenders, punishment was ___________ related to chronic offending.
| |
a. |
conditionally |
| |
b. |
contrapositively |
| |
c. |
conversely |
| |
d. |
inversely |
| ANSWER: |
d |
| REFERENCES: |
Chronic Offenders/Criminal Careers |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
50. What neurotransmitter is known to limit offensive behavior?
| |
a. |
Dopamine |
| |
b. |
Histamine |
| |
c. |
Octopamine |
| |
d. |
Serotonin |
| ANSWER: |
d |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
51. Which neurotransmitter is shown to facilitate aggressive behavior?
| |
a. |
Dopamine |
| |
b. |
Melatonin |
| |
c. |
Octopamine |
| |
d. |
Serotonin |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
52. All of the following would be considered an instrumental crime except
| |
a. |
pawning stolen merchandise. |
| |
b. |
rape. |
| |
c. |
selling drugs. |
| |
d. |
theft. |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
53. Expressive crimes are committed to
| |
a. |
attain power. |
| |
b. |
make money. |
| |
c. |
obtain desired goods. |
| |
d. |
vent rage. |
| ANSWER: |
d |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
54. The majority of murderers use _____________ to commit their murder.
| |
a. |
blunt objects |
| |
b. |
firearms |
| |
c. |
ropes |
| |
d. |
knives |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
55. Which region of the United States has the highest crime rates?
| |
a. |
Northeast |
| |
b. |
Midwest |
| |
c. |
South |
| |
d. |
West |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| Martha is looking to move to a new city to raise her two young children. School quality and crime rates are her two biggest concerns that she will evaluate before deciding on which city to move to. Her employment is flexible in that she works from home. Thus she is able to work from anywhere in the country. |
56. Martha calls many police departments around the country, seeking information about their crime statistics. One particular police department recommends that she look at the published UCR reports. What agency is responsible for publishing these UCR reports?
| |
a. |
ATF |
| |
b. |
FBI |
| |
c. |
DHS |
| |
d. |
TSA |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
57. Martha is particularly concerned with drug offenses and vandalism in the community that she will move to. These types of offenses are ____ crimes according to the official crime records.
| |
a. |
Part I |
| |
b. |
Part II |
| |
c. |
Violent |
| |
d. |
Juvenile |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.01.01 – 01.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
58. Martha has narrowed her choices to New York in the Northeast, San Francisco in the West, Miami in the South, and Ohio in the Midwest. Based on the research on the ecology of crime, which of these cities has the highest crime rates?
| |
a. |
New York |
| |
b. |
San Francisco |
| |
c. |
Miami |
| |
d. |
Ohio |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
59. Martha has decided to move to San Francisco, California. She decides to attend a neighborhood watch meeting where members of the local police department are speaking. They are explaining the crime trends over the past 30 years. Which of the following is accurate information concerning the crime rates?
| |
a. |
Crime rates peaked in the 1970s and have been in sharp decline ever since. |
| |
b. |
Crime rates peaked in the 1980s and have been in sharp decline ever since. |
| |
c. |
Crime rates peaked in the 1990s and have been in sharp decline ever since. |
| |
d. |
Crime rates peaked in the 2000s and have been in sharp decline ever since. |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Trends |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.03 – 02.03 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
60. One of Martha’s children is a 15-year-old boy. He is starting high school in the fall. She is concerned that he will start to hang out with the wrong crowd and possibly begin to commit crime. According to the research, the peak age for property crime is believed to be ____, and thus Martha should be mindful of her son’s activities.
| |
a. |
13 |
| |
b. |
14 |
| |
c. |
15 |
| |
d. |
16 |
| ANSWER: |
d |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
| The police chief in Anytown, USA, is conducting weekly seminars where the residents of his city can come and learn about crime rates, crime trends, and crime patterns in their city. Every week the seminars seem to become more popular. At the most recent seminar, 200 people attended. They had to move the seminar into the city auditorium. |
61. At this week’s seminar, one of the participants asked the chief of police to comment on crime rates. Which statement below would the chief be able to state with certitude?
| |
a. |
“Speculating about future crime trends is risky because change can occur rapidly.” |
| |
b. |
“Crime rates will continue to decrease because they have been decreasing for the past 20 years and crime trends move in 40-year cycles.” |
| |
c. |
“Crime rates will most likely increase because the baby boomer population is increasing.” |
| |
d. |
“All U.S. cities will experience a decrease in crime rates next year because international crime rates continue to decline.” |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Trends |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.03 – 02.03 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
62. The theory explaining that some women have biological and psychological traits similar to those of men and thus may be more likely to commit crime is referred to as the _____ hypothesis.
| |
a. |
anti-feminine |
| |
b. |
femme-fatale |
| |
c. |
liberal feminist |
| |
d. |
masculinity |
| ANSWER: |
d |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
63. The police chief explains that there are problems with the UCR crime data. What is the biggest potential problem with the validity of UCR crime data?
| |
a. |
Only violent crimes are counted in the UCR data. |
| |
b. |
Only property crimes are counted in the UCR data. |
| |
c. |
Many serious crimes are not reported to police and therefore are not counted in the UCR. |
| |
d. |
The UCR only counts crimes reported by people 18 years of age or older. |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
64. The community is concerned that the police department is not deploying its manpower effectively. According to the research, during what months should police staffing be maximized?
| |
a. |
January and February |
| |
b. |
March and April |
| |
c. |
July and August |
| |
d. |
November and December |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
65. The police chief recommends to the audience that they should look at other sources to evaluate statistics on crime. He suggests that the participants review the _______________ which is a comprehensive, nationwide survey of victimization in the United States conducted annually by the U.S. Census Bureau and the Bureau of Justice Statistics.
| |
a. |
MTF |
| |
b. |
NCVS |
| |
c. |
NIBRS |
| |
d. |
UCR |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
66. _______ is the phrase used to express the fact that people commit less crime as they mature.
| ANSWER: |
Aging out |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
67. A(n) _________ is a chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses from one neuron to another and can play a role in behavior.
| ANSWER: |
neurotransmitter |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
68. _________ crimes are offenses designed to improve the financial or social position of the criminal.
| ANSWER: |
Instrumental |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
69. Police-initiated action directed at a suspect or group of suspects based solely on race is ______.
| ANSWER: |
racial profiling |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
70. The ______ is the view that women who commit crimes have biological and psychological traits similar to those of men.
| ANSWER: |
masculinity hypothesis |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
71. The National Crime Victimization Survey is conducted by the Justice Department and the _______.
| ANSWER: |
Census Bureau |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
72. A group of individuals with common features and particular characteristics is referred to as a(n) ____________.
| ANSWER: |
population |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
73. Selecting a limited number of people for study as _____ of a larger group is referred to as sampling.
| ANSWER: |
representative |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
74. The ___________ is a program that collects data on each reported crime incident as an attempt to redesign the UCR statistics.
| ANSWER: |
NIBRS |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
75. The unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession of another is known as __________.
| ANSWER: |
larceny |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
76. Compare and contrast the Uniform Crime Report and the National Crime Victimization Survey. What are the differences in the way data are collected for these primary crime data sources?
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
77. Identify and discuss the problems associated with the validity of crime data collection using victimization surveys and self-report studies.
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
Primary Sources of Crime Data |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.01 – 02.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
78. What do the UCR and NCVS indicate about the recent trends in crime rates? Include violent and property crimes in your response.
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Trends |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.03 – 02.03 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
79. Patterns in the crime rate seem to be linked to temporal and ecological factors. Identify and discuss these factors.
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
80. Explain how the economy, abortion, gun availability, and drug use influence crime patterns and crime rates.
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Trends |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.03 – 02.03 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
81. Discuss the reasons why crime may be considered a lower-class phenomenon. Why factors contribute to this view?
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
82. Discuss the age structure of society and the concept of “aging out.” How do age and aging out impact crime rates?
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Pattern |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
83. Several factors explain gender differences in the crime rate. Identify and discuss these factors.
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
Crime Patterns |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.04 – 02.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
84. Describe Wolfgang, Figlio, and Sellin’s cohort studies and discuss the findings that emerged from their pioneering research.
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
Chronic Offenders/Criminal Careers |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.06 – 02.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
85. Explain the concept of “early onset” and discuss the factors that cause chronicity.
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
Chronic Offenders/Criminal Careers |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.02.05 – 02.05 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
| Chapter_04_Rational_Choice_Theory
1. Rational choice theory has roots in the positivist school of criminology.
| ANSWER: |
False |
| REFERENCES: |
Development of Rational Choice Theory |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 2. The concept behind rational choice theory is that crime is a function of a decision-making process in which the potential offender weighs the potential costs and benefits of an illegal act.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Concepts of Rational Choice |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 3. The fact that a crime is offense-specific means that criminals must decide if they have the personal needs, skills, and prerequisites to commit a successful criminal act.
| ANSWER: |
False |
| REFERENCES: |
Concepts of Rational Choice |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 4. Referring to personality and criminal choices, Siegel states that criminals are more impulsive and have less-self control than other people.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Concepts of Rational Choice |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 5. Criminals structure crime. For instance, crack cocaine street dealers prefer the middle of a long block as the best location for dealing.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Concepts of Rational Choice |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 6. Robbers generally choose targets close to their homes or in areas to which they routinely travel.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Is Crime Truly Rational? |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.02 – 04.02 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 7. Auto thieves are not selective in their choice of target because all cars can be stripped for their valuable parts.
| ANSWER: |
False |
| REFERENCES: |
Is Crime Truly Rational? |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.02 – 04.02 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 8. Sociologist Jack Katz argues that there are immediate benefits to criminality, which he labels the “lures of crime.”
| ANSWER: |
False |
| REFERENCES: |
Why Do People Commit Crime? |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.03 – 04.03 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 9. Edgework is the excitement or exhilaration of successfully executing illegal activities in dangerous situations.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Why Do People Commit Crime? |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.03 – 04.03 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 10. Situational crime prevention suggests that crime prevention can be achieved by reducing the opportunities people have to commit particular crimes.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 11. Diffusion of benefits occurs when efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent another.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 12. Locking gates and putting unbreakable glass on storefronts are examples of crime discouragers.
| ANSWER: |
False |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 13. According to deterrence theory, not only does the actual chance of punishment influence criminality, but so does the perception of punishment.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
General Deterrence |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.05 – 04.05 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 14. If the punishment for a specific crime is increased and the effectiveness and efficiency of the criminal justice system are improved, then the number of people engaging in that crime should decline.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
General Deterrence |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.05 – 04.05 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 15. There is little evidence that incapacitating criminals will deter them from future criminality.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Incapacitation |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 16. Specific deterrence is also called particular deterrence.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Specific Deterrence |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 17. Less than one-third of all convicted felons are rearrested within three years of their release from prison.
| ANSWER: |
False |
| REFERENCES: |
Specific Deterrence |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 18. Retribution is the repetition of criminal behavior.
| ANSWER: |
False |
| REFERENCES: |
Incapacitation |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 19. The major premise of incapacitation is that known criminals must be kept in prison and this will reduce crime rates.
| ANSWER: |
True |
| REFERENCES: |
Policy Implications of Choice Theory |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| 20. Evidence shows that three-strikes laws are effective crime control policies.
| ANSWER: |
False |
| REFERENCES: |
Policy Implications of Choice Theory |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
21. Rational choice theory has roots in the __________ school of criminology developed by the Italian social thinker Cesare Beccaria.
| |
a. |
ecological |
| |
b. |
interactionist |
| |
c. |
classical |
| |
d. |
positivist |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Development of Rational Choice |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
22. At the end of the nineteenth century, the popularity of the classical approach began to decline as _____ criminologists focused their attention on internal and external factors, such as poverty, IQ, and education, rather than personal choice and decision making.
| |
a. |
positivist |
| |
b. |
ecological |
| |
c. |
classical |
| |
d. |
interactionist |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Development of Rational Choice |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
23. Crime is ________ because criminals will react selectively to the characteristics of an individual criminal act.
| |
a. |
offender-specific |
| |
b. |
offense-specific |
| |
c. |
reward-specific |
| |
d. |
risk-specific |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Concepts of Rational Choice |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
24. According to Nobel Prize–winning economist Gary Becker, criminals engage in a(n) __________ analysis of crime.
| |
a. |
thrill-danger |
| |
b. |
irrational -unstable |
| |
c. |
lower-class |
| |
d. |
cost-benefit |
| ANSWER: |
d |
| REFERENCES: |
Development of Rational Choice |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
25. Which of the following circumstances would prompt an offender to decide to forgo crime?
| |
a. |
The offender would receive respect from peers. |
| |
b. |
The offender would stand a good chance of being caught and punished. |
| |
c. |
The crime would be easy to commit. |
| |
d. |
The crime would be thrilling to commit. |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Concepts of Rational Choice |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
26. Which statement reflects structuring criminality based on economic need?
| |
a. |
Career offenders have learned when to take a chance and when to be cautious. |
| |
b. |
Offenders commit crime because they may know people who have made “big scores.” |
| |
c. |
Criminals appear to be impulsive. |
| |
d. |
Offenders may commit crime when the “right target” presents itself. |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Concepts of Rational Choice |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
27. According to the rational choice approach, the decision to commit crime is structured by
| |
a. |
the presence of crime encouragers and absence of crime discouragers. |
| |
b. |
the characteristics of the victim and how the victim may react. |
| |
c. |
the absence or presence of competing offenders. |
| |
d. |
where the crime occurs and the characteristics of the target. |
| ANSWER: |
d |
| REFERENCES: |
Concepts of Rational Choice |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
28. That thieves select German cars indicates that auto theft is rational because
| |
a. |
their VIN (vehicle identification number) codes are not as easily traced as VIN codes on American autos. |
| |
b. |
German cars can be cheaply shipped to Europe where they are in high demand. |
| |
c. |
parts on Germans cars are not etched with identifying codes. |
| |
d. |
German cars usually have high-quality audio equipment. |
| ANSWER: |
d |
| REFERENCES: |
Concepts of Rational Choice |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
29. Why is drug dealing considered a rational crime?
| |
a. |
Because drug dealers approach their “profession” in a businesslike fashion. |
| |
b. |
Because drug dealers are consistently able to avoid detection and arrest. |
| |
c. |
Because drug dealers lure non-users with “samples” of their product to generate a greater number of hooked, hard-core users. |
| |
d. |
Because drug dealers are more intelligent than other street offenders. |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Concepts of Rational Choice |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
30. “Awareness space” indicates that which crime is rational?
| |
a. |
Robbery |
| |
b. |
Prostitution |
| |
c. |
Theft |
| |
d. |
Drug dealing |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Is Crime Truly Rational? |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.02 – 04.02 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
31. Jacob’s and Wright’s research on robbers indicates that target selection can be a rational choice made to ____ rather than to generate capital.
| |
a. |
instill rage |
| |
b. |
increase the robber’s reputation |
| |
c. |
send a message |
| |
d. |
generate fear |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Is Crime Truly Rational? |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.02 – 04.02 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
32. Sociologist Jack Katz argues that there are situational inducements to criminality that directly precede the commission of crime and draw offenders into law violations. Katz termed these inducements the ____ of crime.
| |
a. |
seductions |
| |
b. |
thrills |
| |
c. |
rewards |
| |
d. |
lures |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Why Do People Commit Crime? |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.03 – 04.03 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
33. The “high” or the excitement/exhilaration of successfully executing illegal activities in dangerous situations is referred to as
| |
a. |
riskwork. |
| |
b. |
edgework. |
| |
c. |
buzzwork. |
| |
d. |
thrillwork. |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Why Do People Commit Crime? |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.03 – 04.03 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
34. The concept of situational crime prevention suggests that desperate people may contemplate crime, but only the truly ____ will attack a well-defended, inaccessible target and risk strict punishment.
| |
a. |
needy |
| |
b. |
skilled |
| |
c. |
experienced |
| |
d. |
irrational |
| ANSWER: |
d |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
35. Marcus Felson argues that the risk of crime may be increased by improving the effectiveness of crime
| |
a. |
obstructers. |
| |
b. |
discouragers. |
| |
c. |
monitors. |
| |
d. |
inhibitors. |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
36. Closed circuit television (CCTV) surveillance cameras and improved street lighting are mechanical forms of crime
| |
a. |
discouragers. |
| |
b. |
inhibitors. |
| |
c. |
obstructers. |
| |
d. |
monitors. |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
37. Situational crime prevention tactics generally fall into one of four categories. Which of the following is not one of those categories?
| |
a. |
Increasing the use of probation for committing crime |
| |
b. |
Increasing the risk of committing crime |
| |
c. |
Increasing the effort needed to commit crime |
| |
d. |
Inducing guilt or shame for committing crime |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
38. When video cameras set up in a mall to reduce shoplifting also reduce property damage due to vandalism, this situational crime prevention benefit is termed
| |
a. |
diffusion. |
| |
b. |
dispersion. |
| |
c. |
discouragement. |
| |
d. |
displacement. |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
39. A method of crime prevention that seeks to eliminate or reduce particular crimes in specific settings is referred to as
| |
a. |
situational crime prevention. |
| |
b. |
guardable space. |
| |
c. |
defensible space. |
| |
d. |
positional crime prevention. |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
40. The concept of general deterrence holds that
| |
a. |
as people age they commit fewer crimes. |
| |
b. |
if guardians become increasingly motivated, there will be less crime. |
| |
c. |
motivated people will violate the law if left unrestricted. |
| |
d. |
the decision to commit crime can be controlled by the threat of criminal punishment. |
| ANSWER: |
d |
| REFERENCES: |
General Deterrence |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.05 – 04.05 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
41. People who believe that they will be caught if they commit crime are the ones most likely to be deterred from committing criminal acts. What element of deterrence does this reflect?
| |
a. |
Perception of punishment |
| |
b. |
Severity of punishment |
| |
c. |
Speed of punishment |
| |
d. |
Certainty of punishment |
| ANSWER: |
d |
| REFERENCES: |
General Deterrence |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.05 – 04.05 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
42. What is known about police and certainty of punishment?
| |
a. |
The manner in which police approach their tasks may have more deterrence power than simply adding more police. |
| |
b. |
Research indicates that routine patrol may have a significant impact on crime rates. |
| |
c. |
Adding police on the street has no effect on crime rates. |
| |
d. |
Evidence shows that cities with larger police departments do not experience lower levels of violent crime. |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
General Deterrence |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.05 – 04.05 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
43. Research on the immediate impact of well-publicized executions
| |
a. |
indicated that executions have an immediate impact on murder rate. |
| |
b. |
evidenced an immediate effect at the state level. |
| |
c. |
failed to find evidence that an execution produces an immediate decline in the murder rate. |
| |
d. |
indicated that each execution equates to seven less murders. |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
General Deterrence |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.05 – 04.05 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
44. Which aspect of deterrence theory do theorists believe to have the greatest effect on deterring crime?
| |
a. |
Severity of punishment |
| |
b. |
Certainty of punishment |
| |
c. |
Perception of punishment |
| |
d. |
Speed of punishment |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
General Deterrence |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.05 – 04.05 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
45. Specific deterrence suggests that criminal sanctions should be so powerful that known criminals will never repeat their criminal acts. Which statement about harsh (powerful) sanctions and deterrence is not true?
| |
a. |
Harsh sanctions work as an effective deterrence to recidivism. |
| |
b. |
Harsh sanctions may result in defiance rather than deterrence. |
| |
c. |
Experiencing harsh sanctions may cause severe psychological problems. |
| |
d. |
The stigma of harsh sanctions labels and locks people into criminal careers. |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Specific Deterrence |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
46. Certain anti-crime measures have greater impact on some individuals than others. The people who are affected by these measures are considered more
| |
a. |
rational. |
| |
b. |
displaceable. |
| |
c. |
deterrable. |
| |
d. |
discourageable. |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Specific Deterrence |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
47. The rationale for using three-strikes sentencing policies relies on
| |
a. |
speed and certainty of punishment. |
| |
b. |
specific deterrence and incapacitation. |
| |
c. |
general deterrence and incapacitation. |
| |
d. |
perception and speed of punishment. |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Policy Implications of Choice Theory |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
48. If more criminals are sent to prison, the crime rate should go down. This is referred to as the _____ effect.
| |
a. |
incarceration |
| |
b. |
prison |
| |
c. |
incapacitation |
| |
d. |
recidivism |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Policy Implications of Choice Theory |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
49. Economist Steven Levitt concludes that each person put behind prison bars results in a decrease of ___ serious crimes per year.
| |
a. |
20 |
| |
b. |
15 |
| |
c. |
5 |
| |
d. |
10 |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Incapacitation |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
50. Which of the following is a reason why some critics say it is premature to embrace three-strikes policies?
| |
a. |
Most three-time losers are on the verge of aging out of crime anyway. |
| |
b. |
Few career criminals engage in violent crime. |
| |
c. |
Most crime is committed by juveniles who are not eligible for three-strikes punishment. |
| |
d. |
Crime rates have dropped dramatically in the last decade. |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Policy Implications of Choice Theory |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
51. _____ occurs when crime control efforts simply move, or redirect, offenders to less heavily guarded alternative targets.
| |
a. |
Displacement |
| |
b. |
Diffusion |
| |
c. |
Extinction |
| |
d. |
Replacement |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
52. What happens when efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent another?
| |
a. |
Diffusion |
| |
b. |
Discouragement |
| |
c. |
Displacement |
| |
d. |
Extinction |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
53. What happens when crime control efforts targeting a particular locale help reduce crime in surrounding areas and populations?
| |
a. |
Diffusion |
| |
b. |
Discouragement |
| |
c. |
Displacement |
| |
d. |
Replacement |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
54. What happens when crime reduction programs produce a short-term positive effect, but benefits dissipate as criminals adjust to new conditions?
| |
a. |
Diffusion |
| |
b. |
Discouragement |
| |
c. |
Displacement |
| |
d. |
Extinction |
| ANSWER: |
d |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
55. What happens when criminals try new offenses they had previously avoided because situational crime prevention programs neutralized their crime of choice?
| |
a. |
Discouragement |
| |
b. |
Extinction |
| |
c. |
Replacement |
| |
d. |
Specific deterrence |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
| Fred is a 20-year-old who lives in a large metropolitan city. He graduated high school but decided that he would get a job immediately following high school instead of going to college. He thought making money at that moment was more important than furthering his education. Now, Fred realizes he is stuck at a dead-end job making minimum wage and is tired of working so many hours and making so little money. Fred is thinking about committing various crimes in order to supplement his income. |
56. All of the following would be considered offense-specific to burglary that Fred might consider except
| |
a. |
the probability of security devices. |
| |
b. |
the ease of selling stolen merchandise. |
| |
c. |
Fred’s immediate need for money. |
| |
d. |
neighbors who might notice a break-in. |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Concepts of Rational Choice |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
57. Fred would also consider his needs, skills, and prerequisites to commit burglary. Which of the following would not be an offender-specific assessment that Fred would make?
| |
a. |
Whether he possesses the necessary skills to commit the crime |
| |
b. |
The ease of selling stolen merchandise |
| |
c. |
Fred’s fear of apprehension and punishment |
| |
d. |
Fred’s physical ability |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Concepts of Rational Choice |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
58. According to the research on burglaries, in general, when do burglars prefer to commit their crimes?
| |
a. |
3 am to 5 am |
| |
b. |
9 am to 11 am |
| |
c. |
6 pm to 8 pm |
| |
d. |
11 pm to 1 am |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Concepts of Rational Choice |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
59. In order for people to best protect their personal property from people like Fred, they would need to improve the effectiveness of crime _________________, which are people who serve as guardians of property or people who can help control would-be criminals.
| |
a. |
abolishers |
| |
b. |
blockers |
| |
c. |
discouragers |
| |
d. |
preventers |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
60. What might influence Fred to move to a different community to commit his burglaries?
| |
a. |
A lack of suitable targets to burglarize |
| |
b. |
Increased police patrols in the neighborhood |
| |
c. |
Other burglars moving into the area |
| |
d. |
Fred becoming recognizable in the area |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
| Trevor is a habitual criminal offender. He has committed dozens of robberies and hundreds of burglaries, and has stolen approximately 30 vehicles. Trevor was 14 when he was first arrested for stealing a car. He is now 44 years old and just got out of prison. He spent 10 years in prison for an armed robbery. |
61. The judge explained to Trevor at his sentencing hearing 10 years ago that if he is arrested and convicted of another crime after he serves his 10 years, he is likely to get a lifetime prison sentence under strict sentencing guidelines. Trevor remembers the words of the judge when he is released from prison. If the judge’s words are what have convinced Trevor to remain crime free, what crime control policy has successfully kept Trevor a law-abiding citizen?
| |
a. |
General deterrence |
| |
b. |
Specific deterrence |
| |
c. |
Incapacitation |
| |
d. |
Rehabilitation |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
General Deterrence |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.05 – 04.05 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
62. In total, between juvenile and adult institutions, Trevor has spent over 20 years of his life incarcerated. His family cannot understand why he continues to commit crime. They are concerned that he will not be able to remain a law-abiding citizen. What does the research say about the effect of incarceration and an offender’s likeliness to repeat criminal behavior?
| |
a. |
Most offenders are rearrested within 1 year of their release from prison. |
| |
b. |
Most offenders are rearrested within 3 years of their release from prison. |
| |
c. |
Most offenders are rearrested within 10 years of their release from prison. |
| |
d. |
Most offenders are never rearrested once released from prison. |
| ANSWER: |
b |
| REFERENCES: |
Specific Deterrence |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
63. According to the ______________ effect, while in prison for 10 years, Trevor was prevented from committing further offenses.
| |
a. |
general deterrence |
| |
b. |
specific deterrence |
| |
c. |
incapacitation |
| |
d. |
rehabilitation |
| ANSWER: |
c |
| REFERENCES: |
Incapacitation |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
64. About one month after his release, Trevor is frustrated that he has been unable to find a job. He is living on his sister’s couch and is tired of hearing her complain about him eating all the food in the house. He feels he has no other option but to get money quickly. He develops a plan to rob the local convenience store late one night. As he walks toward the convenience store, he notices that there are a lot of police officers doing a DUI checkpoint about a half a mile down the road. He decides that it would not be wise to attempt to commit this robbery. What effect has occurred here?
| |
a. |
Diffusion |
| |
b. |
Discouragement |
| |
c. |
Displacement |
| |
d. |
Replacement |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
65. Trevor spent his 10-year sentence in a maximum-security prison. There he witnessed assaults and even murders. Oftentimes, he was in fear for his life. Reflecting back on the past 10 years and what he was exposed to, Trevor is determined to never again commit a crime that will cause him to end up in prison. What crime control policy is in effect here?
| |
a. |
General deterrence |
| |
b. |
Specific deterrence |
| |
c. |
Incapacitation |
| |
d. |
Rehabilitation |
| ANSWER: |
a |
| REFERENCES: |
Specific Deterrence |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Applying |
|
66. ________ theory is the view that crime is a function of a decision-making process in which the potential offender weighs the potential costs and benefits of an illegal act.
| ANSWER: |
Rational choice |
| REFERENCES: |
Development of Rational Choice Theory |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
67. The excitement or exhilaration of successfully executing illegal activities in dangerous situations is referred to as ______.
| ANSWER: |
edgework |
| REFERENCES: |
Why Do People Commit Crime? |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.03 – 04.03 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
68. The principle that crime can be prevented or displaced by modifying the physical environment in order to reduce the opportunity for individuals to commit crime is referred to as _____ space.
| ANSWER: |
defensible |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
69. People who serve as guardians of property or people are called ________.
| ANSWER: |
crime discouragers. |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
70. ____ is an effect that occurs when efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent another.
| ANSWER: |
Diffusion |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
71. _____ occurs when criminals try new offenses to replace those neutralized by crime prevention efforts.
| ANSWER: |
Replacement |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
72. _________ deterrence is the view that criminal sanctions should be so powerful that offenders will never repeat their criminal acts.
| ANSWER: |
Specific |
| REFERENCES: |
Specific Deterrence |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
73. Time spent in confinement in a jail or prison as a consequence of a judicial sentence is referred to as ______________.
| ANSWER: |
incarceration |
| REFERENCES: |
Specific Deterrence |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
74. The repetition of criminal behavior is _________.
| ANSWER: |
recidivism |
| REFERENCES: |
Specific Deterrence |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
75. The _____ effect is the idea that keeping offenders in confinement will eliminate the risk of their committing further offenses.
| ANSWER: |
incapacitation |
| REFERENCES: |
Incapacitation |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Remembering |
|
76. Describe the development of rational choice theory and the philosophers central to the concept of rational choice.
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
Development of Rational Choice Theory |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
77. According to the concepts of rational choice, what causes law-violating behavior?
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
Concepts of Rational Choice |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
78. Explain how economic need, personal traits, and experience contribute to how criminals structure criminality.
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
Concepts of Rational Choice |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
79. Explain what it means to say that criminals structure crime.
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
Concepts of Rational Choice |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.01 – 04.01 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
80. What evidence supports the view that crime is rational? Include various types of criminal behaviors in your discussion.
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
Is Crime Truly Rational? |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.02 – 04.02 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
81. Sociologist Jack Katz argues that there are immediate benefits to criminality. Explain Katz’s view.
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
Why Do People Commit Crime? |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.03 – 04.03 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
82. Situational crime prevention may produce unforeseen and unwanted consequences. Discuss what is meant by displacement, extinction, and replacement.
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
Situational Crime Prevention |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.04 – 04.04 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
83. The theory of specific deterrence holds that criminal sanctions should be so powerful that known criminals will never repeat their criminal acts. Critique this theory. What evidence exists to support specific deterrence?
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
Specific Deterrence |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
84. How do certainty, severity, and speed of punishment impact general deterrence? How does the criminal justice system support or hamper these general deterrence factors?
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
General Deterrence |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.05 – 04.05 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
85. Incapacitation theory suggests that placing offenders behind bars during their prime crime years should reduce their lifetime opportunity to commit crime. Not all criminologists are convinced of the validity of this incapacitation effect. Discuss why this is so.
| ANSWER: |
Answers will vary. |
| REFERENCES: |
Incapacitation |
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
CRIM.SIEG.15.04.06 – 04.06 |
| KEYWORDS: |
Bloom’s: Understanding |
|
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