Name: Drugs Behaviour And Society 3rd Canadian Edition by Carl L Hart -Test Bank - Eazyquizes
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Drugs Behaviour And Society 3rd Canadian Edition by Carl L Hart -Test Bank

Sample Questions

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Chapter 02

Drug Use as a Social Problem

Multiple Choice Questions

In the early 1900s, the Canadian government had essentially NO laws regulating the sale and use of drugs. In general the government took a “hands-off” approach that has been referred to as which of the following?
A.Criminal
B. Laissez-faire
C. Variable
D. Irresponsible

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the Canadian government’s regulatory approach before the early 1900s and now.
Topic: 02-01 Laissez-Faire

Between 1871 and 1908, how did the government of Canada view opium?
A.As international trade opportunity
B. A threat to the cultural values of a newly developing country
C. A threat to its citizens, especially women
D. As a Canadian economic opportunity

In what year did Canada enact its first drug law?
A.1892
B. 1902
C. 1908
D. 1918

The text lists three concerns that led to the adoption of the first laws regulating what we now call controlled substances. Which of these was NOT one of the three?
A.High profits for drug sellers
B. Toxicity
C. Dependence
D. Association of drug users with crime

Which term describes when the use of a substance makes normal activities such as driving result in harmful accidents?
A.Behavioural tolerance
B. Drug misuse
C. Behavioural toxicity
D. Laissez-faire

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-02 Explain the difference between acute and chronic toxicity and between physiological and behavioural toxicity.
Topic: 02-03 Categories of Toxicity

John finished his last college class of the day and went over to his friend’s house, just two blocks from where he lives. Once he arrived and for the next 3 hours, John drinks 10 shots of tequila and 5 beers. He is about to get in his car and drive home. Based on this information,, which term would best describe his condition?
A.Chronic
B. Behavioural toxicity
C. Physiological toxicity
D. Acute

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the Canadian government’s regulatory approach before the early 1900s and now.
Topic: 02-03 Categories of Toxicity

Data collected by the CIHI does not include:
A.Age
B. Gender
C. Hospital Substance Abuse Emergency Admissions
D. Residence

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-02 Explain the difference between acute and chronic toxicity and between physiological and behavioural toxicity.
Topic: 02-04 Determining the Toxicity of Drugs of Abuse and Misuse

Who specially regulates the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems system?
A.The Canadian Classification of Health Interventions
B. The American Psychological Association
C. The American Psychiatric Association i
D. World Health Organization

Based on Canadian data published in a 2017 report, how many apparent opioid-related deaths occurred in 2016?
A.1816
B. 2816
C. 3816
D. 4816

All of the following have universally determined the development of drug laws EXCEPT which one?
A.Crime
B. International trade
C. Dependence
D. Toxicity

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the Canadian government’s regulatory approach before the early 1900s and now.
Topic: 02-01 Laissez-Faire

Which statement describes acute drug effects?
A.Are dangerous.
B. Are caused by the immediate presence of the drug in the body.
C. Are unrelated to dose.
D. Last more than a day.

Which is an example of chronic physiological toxicity?
A.Lung cancer from smoking
B. Motivational syndrome
C. Paranoia from methamphetamine use
D. Respiratory arrest from an alcohol overdose

According to your textbook, concerns about DAWN’s accuracy and misinterpretation of the data by drug policy officials led to what action?
A.It prompted researches to stop relying on its outcomes.
B. It prompted police departments to stop relying on its outcomes.
C. It prompted discontinuation of DAWN in 2011.
D. It prompted a revamping of DAWN’s sampling procedures in 2011.

What is the Drug Abuse Warning Network?
A.A system of free public-service announcements.
B. A voluntary organization for teachers and police officers.
C. It monitors drug-related medical emergencies.
D. It monitors arrest rates for various drug-law violations.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-03 Provide examples of how data collected through drug monitoring systems can be used to estimate the toxicity of drugs of abuse and misuse.
Topic: 02-04 Determining the Toxicity of Drugs of Abuse and Misuse

According to the National Center for Health Statistics, the sharpest increase occurred among deaths related to what circumstance?
A.Driving under the influence of both alcohol and cannabis
B. Driving under the influence cannabis
C. Fentanyl and fentanyl analogues
D. Combined use of alcohol and ecstasy use among adolescent males

In Canada, it is estimated that there are approximately how many intravenous drug users (IDUs)?
A.50 000 intravenous drug users
B. 90 000 intravenous drug users
C. 120 000 intravenous drug users
D. 150 000 intravenous drug users

Which of the following was NOT identified as a drug commonly used by IDUs?
A.GHB
B. Heroin
C. Pharmaceutical opioids
D. cocaine

In comparing the relative toxicity of marijuana and cocaine, what important fact should be taken into account?
A.The user’s gender and weight.
B. Availability and price.
C. Urban vs. rural environment.
D. That many more people use marijuana than use cocaine.

Intravenous drug users have higher than average rates of HIV infection, but even higher rates of which of the following?
A.Hepatitis C.
B. Herpes simplex.
C. Staphylococcus infection.
D. ADHD.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-03 Provide examples of how data collected through drug monitoring systems can be used to estimate the toxicity of drugs of abuse and misuse.
Topic: 02-06 Intravenous Drug Use and the Spread of Blood-Borne Diseases

In what year did the first official needle exchange program begin in Canada?
A.1969
B. 1979
C. 1989
D. 1999

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-03 Provide examples of how data collected through drug monitoring systems can be used to estimate the toxicity of drugs of abuse and misuse.
Topic: 02-06 Intravenous Drug Use and the Spread of Blood-Borne Diseases

In what city did the first official needle exchange program begin in Canada?
A.Toronto
B. Montreal
C. Winnipeg
D. Vancouver

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-03 Provide examples of how data collected through drug monitoring systems can be used to estimate the toxicity of drugs of abuse and misuse.
Topic: 02-06 Intravenous Drug Use and the Spread of Blood-Borne Diseases

According to your text how many injecting drug users have a HCV infection?
A.100 000
B. 150 000
C. 200 000
D. 250 000

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-03 Provide examples of how data collected through drug monitoring systems can be used to estimate the toxicity of drugs of abuse and misuse.
Topic: 02-06 Intravenous Drug Use and the Spread of Blood-Borne Diseases

John has been using his drug of choice for many months. He informs his friend that he now required a larger dose to achieve the “buzz” he likes. What term describes what John is experiencing?
A.Acute toxicity
B. Dependence
C. Rebound effect
D. Tolerance

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-04 Define tolerance; physical dependence; and behavioural dependence.
Topic: 02-07 Substance Dependence: What Is It?

Which term describes why the capacity of a drug dose has a diminished effect on the user as it is repeatedly taken?
A.Dependence
B. Rebound effect
C. Tolerance
D. Withdrawal

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-04 Define tolerance; physical dependence; and behavioural dependence.
Topic: 02-08 Three Basic Processes

Mary told her drug therapist that she has become psychological dependent. What fact will her therapist pursue to determine the accuracy of her statement?
A.Does she have cravings?
B. Does she have a heightened sense of well-being?
C. Does she experience a heightened sensitivity to pain?
D. Does she have physical withdrawal symptoms?

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-04 Define tolerance; physical dependence; and behavioural dependence.
Topic: 02-08 Three Basic Processes

After Rita returns from her first narcotics support group she learns that physical dependence requires the existence of which of the following?
A.A physical change in skin colour
B. A craving for the drug
C. A set of physical withdrawal symptoms
D. A physical response to the drug

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-04 Define tolerance; physical dependence; and behavioural dependence.
Topic: 02-08 Three Basic Processes

What does the presence of withdrawal syndromes indicate?
A.Physical dependence
B. Chronic behavioural disorder
C. Tolerance
D. Craving

The drugs to which people are most likely to develop psychological (behavioural) dependence are also generally found to have which of the following?
A.Stimulant effects
B. Pain-relieving effects
C. Sedative effects
D. Reinforcing effects in laboratory animals

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-05 Examine how the scientific perspective on substance dependence has changed in recent years.
Topic: 02-08 Three Basic Processes

The DSM-5 does not define addiction as such, but has diagnostic criteria for
A.Habituation.
B. Substance-related disorders.
C. Chronic intoxication.
D. Drug-associated bipolar disorder.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-06 Describe criteria used in the diagnosis of substance-related and addictive disorders.
Topic: 02-09 Changing Views of Dependence

Substance-related disorders, defined by the DSM-5, encompass how many separate classes of drugs?
A.7
B. 5
C. 10
D. 15

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-05 Examine how the scientific perspective on substance dependence has changed in recent years.
Learning Objective: 02-06 Describe criteria used in the diagnosis of substance-related and addictive disorders.
Topic: 02-09 Changing Views of Dependence

As views of substance dependence have changed based on scientific research, what is now believed to be the real driving force behind repeated excessive drug use?
A.Psychological dependence, based on reinforcement.
B. Physical dependence, caused by tolerance.
C. An allergic reaction to the substance.
D. Unmet psychological needs in early childhood.

A series of experiments conducted in the 1960s used laboratory animals that were given intravenous catheters connected to motorized syringes and controlling equipment, so that when they pressed a lever they would produce a single brief injection of which drug?
A.Liquid cocaine
B. Morphine
C. Heroin
D. LSD

A series of experiments conducted in the 1960s used laboratory animals that were given intravenous catheters connected to motorized syringes and controlling equipment so that by pressing a lever would produce a single brief drug injection. Which describes the animal(s) that were used?
A.Rats
B. Monkeys and rats
C. Monkeys
D. Pigeons and mice

Which of these substances is listed as having a “very high” dependence potential?
A.LSD
B. Marijuana
C. Alcohol
D. Crack cocaine

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-07 Debate the various theories on the cause of dependence.
Topic: 02-11 Broad Views of Substance Dependence

Because some believe it plays a large role in positive reinforcement, theorists have recently focused on which of the brain’s neurotransmitters?
A.Epinephrine
B. Dopamine
C. Norepinephrine
D. Serotonin

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-07 Debate the various theories on the cause of dependence.
Topic: 02-12 Is Dependence Caused by the Substance?

What can brain scan studies with drug users reveal?
A.They can show which people have developed dependence and which have not.
B. They can predict which people will later develop dependence.
C. So far, they can only show changes in response to drug administration.
D. They are very strong predictors of alcohol use, but not for other substances.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-07 Debate the various theories on the cause of dependence.
Topic: 02-13 Is Dependence Biological?

Which of the following describes the potential to become dependent upon a psychoactive drugs spectrum, beginning with the highest risk substance to the least likely?
A.Mescaline, Morphine, Caffeine
B. Morphine, Caffeine, Alcohol
C. Morphine, Diazepam, Marijuana
D. Alcohol, Mescaline, Marijuana

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-07 Debate the various theories on the cause of dependence.
Topic: 02-12 Is Dependence Caused by the Substance?

Those who have received a “personality disorder” diagnosis, such as antisocial personality disorder:
A.have an increased likelihood of also having a substance use disorder.
B. are neither more nor less likely to have a substance use disorder.
C. are actually less likely to be dependent on a substance.
D. are often given stimulant drugs as a treatment for the personality disorder.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-07 Debate the various theories on the cause of dependence.
Topic: 02-14 Is There an “Addictive Personality”?

How do Alcoholics Anonymous members (AA) often describe alcohol?
A.Blissful
B. Cunning
C. Disempowering
D. Mysterious

According to the statistics provided in your textbook, alcohol causes serious dependence in ______
A.one in five drinkers.
B. one in ten drinkers.
C. one in fifteen drinkers.
D. one in twenty drinkers.

Which of the following is a personality trait that has frequently been associated with greater risk for abuse of stimulants, such as amphetamine or cocaine?
A.Introversion
B. Pessimism
C. Sensation seeking
D. Shyness

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-07 Debate the various theories on the cause of dependence.
Topic: 02-13 Is Dependence Biological?

Which of the following describes the psychoactive drug dependence potential from the highest to lowest ranking?
A.Injected Morphine, Heroin, Crack Cocaine, snorted Cocaine powder
B. Crack Cocaine, Heroin injected Morphine, snorted Cocaine powder
C. Heroin, Crack Cocaine, injected Morphine, snorted Cocaine powder
D. Injected Morphine, snorted Cocaine powder, Heroin, Crack Cocaine,,

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 02-07 Debate the various theories on the cause of dependence.
Topic: 02-12 Is Dependence Caused by the Substance?

In determining whether using a drug causes people to become criminals, what is important to acknowledge?
A.There is no statistical relationship between crime and illicit drug use.
B. Most illicit drugs cause damage to the areas of the brain responsible for understanding right from wrong.
C. Longitudinal studies find that indicators of criminal or antisocial behaviour usually occur before the first use of any illicit drug.
D. Consistent personality changes are likely with even a few exposures to heroin or cocaine.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-08 List four ways it has been proposed that drug use might cause an increase in crime.
Topic: 02-17 Crime and Violence: Does Drug Use Cause Crime?

Which drug is MOST recognized as contributing to crimes and violence?
A.Alcohol
B. Heroin
C. Marijuana
D. Cocaine

Among jail inmates in Canada who have been convicted of property crimes, which percentage of them reported that they had committed the crime to get money for drugs?
A.95%
B. 75%
C. 50%
D. 25%

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-08 List four ways it has been proposed that drug use might cause an increase in crime.
Topic: 02-17 Crime and Violence: Does Drug Use Cause Crime?

What drug was being described with the famous quote “The Real Public Enemy Number One”?
A.Crack cocaine
B. Marijuana
C. Opium (smoked)
D. Cocaine powder (snorted)

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 02-08 List four ways it has been proposed that drug use might cause an increase in crime.
Topic: 02-17 Crime and Violence: Does Drug Use Cause Crime?

In an annual study done by the U.S. Justice Department, people arrested for various crimes are given urine tests to detect the presence of drugs. In 2003, what percentage of the adult male arrestees tested positive for at least one illicit drug?
A.90
B. 67
C. 40
D. 25

In 2016, more than half (58%) of which drug was related to a crime?
A.Alcohol
B. Cannabis
C. Cocaine
D. Heroin

According to your text, which statement describes drug regulations in Canada today?
A.Our current laws represent a rationally devised plan to counteract the most realistic of these concerns in the most effective manner.
B. Our current laws do not represent a rationally devised plan to counteract the most realistic of these concerns in the most effective manner.
C. Our current laws merge fluidly with the medical protocols in place in MOST communities across Canada.
D. Our law enforcement agencies are unable to keep up with the growing increase of new designer drugs.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 02-09 Debate possible consequences of drug regulation.
Topic: 02-18 Why We Try To Regulate Drugs

True / False Questions

The term “laissez-faire” refers to the tendency of news media to sensationalize drug problems.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the Canadian government’s regulatory approach before the early 1900s and now.
Topic: 02-01 Laissez-Faire

Very early in the 20^th century the Canadian government regulated, and made a profit from, the production of opium.
TRUE

Canada boasts having one of the most comprehensive and consistent health plans for providing descriptions of the incidence and causes of drug-related emergency room visits or deaths nationally.
FALSE

Most opioid-related deaths in Canada occurred in males
TRUE

It is NOT possible to gain a true measure of the relative toxicities of drugs of abuse and misuse in Canada.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-03 Provide examples of how data collected through drug monitoring systems can be used to estimate the toxicity of drugs of abuse and misuse.
Topic: 02-04 Determining the Toxicity of Drugs of Abuse and Misuse

Chronic drug effects refer to those that are due to prolonged exposure to the drug.
TRUE

Data from Canadian population-specific surveillance systems suggest that approximately 15% of IDUs borrow needles that have been used by someone else.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-03 Provide examples of how data collected through drug monitoring systems can be used to estimate the toxicity of drugs of abuse and misuse.
Topic: 02-06 Intravenous Drug Use and the Spread of Blood-Borne Diseases

In Canada, it is estimated that there are between 75,000 and 125,000 intravenous drug users (IDUs).
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-03 Provide examples of how data collected through drug monitoring systems can be used to estimate the toxicity of drugs of abuse and misuse.
Topic: 02-06 Intravenous Drug Use and the Spread of Blood-Borne Diseases

Physical dependence is defined by the appearance of withdrawal symptoms when the drug is stopped.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 02-04 Define tolerance; physical dependence; and behavioural dependence.
Topic: 02-10 Which Is More Important: Physical Dependence or Psychological Dependence?

Chapter 04

The Nervous System

Multiple Choice Questions

What is the process of maintaining our internal environment (temperature, water balance, etc.) within certain limits?
A.The blood-brain barrier
B. Sympathetic
C. Homeostasis
D. Inhibition

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 04-01 Explain the concept of homeostasis.
Topic: 04-01 Homeostasis

What impact does vasopressin have on the human body?
A.It causes an increase in blood pressure (hypertension).
B. It causes an increase in the excretion of urine.
C. It causes low blood pressure (hypotension).
D. It causes constipation.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-01 Explain the concept of homeostasis.
Topic: 04-01 Homeostasis

Who is credited for discovering that glia outnumber neurons by as much as 50 to one?
A.Dr. Ali Rajput and Dr. Alex Rajpu
B. Eric Kandel
C. Beverley A. Orser
D. Dr. Le Dain

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-02 List the general properties of glia and neurons.
Topic: 04-02 Components of the Nervous System

Which part of the human brain does glucose enter and then is partially metabolized and sent to the neuron?
A.Astrocyte cell
B. Glial cell
C. Microglia
D. Myelin Sheath

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-02 List the general properties of glia and neurons.
Topic: 04-03 Glia

In addition to neurons, what is the other brain cell that is even larger in number?
A.Mitochondria
B. Glia
C. Serotonin
D. Pseudopodia

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 04-02 List the general properties of glia and neurons.
Topic: 04-03 Glia

For a drug to be psychoactive its molecules must be capable of doing what?
A.Block serotonin synthesis.
B. Influence the sympathetic branch.
C. Inhibit firing rates of neurons.
D. Passing through the blood-brain barrier.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-02 List the general properties of glia and neurons.
Topic: 04-03 Glia

Drug molecules must be somewhat lipophilic (soluble in oil) in order to do what?
A.Readily cross the blood-brain barrier.
B. Influence the sympathetic branch.
C. Inhibit firing rates of neurons.
D. Block serotonin synthesis.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-02 List the general properties of glia and neurons.
Topic: 04-03 Glia

Which of these is NOT one of the four important regions found in every neuron?
A.Cell body
B. Dendrites
C. Axon
D. Glia

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 04-02 List the general properties of glia and neurons.
Topic: 04-04 Neurons

Which part of the human neuron could be described as a tree-like structure?
A.Cell body
B. Dendrites
C. Axon
D. Myelin Sheath

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-02 List the general properties of glia and neurons.
Topic: 04-04 Neurons

Which part of the human neuron can be described as long, slender, and responsible for conducting the electrical signal?
A.Cell body
B. Dendrites
C. Axon
D. Myelin Sheath

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-02 List the general properties of glia and neurons.
Topic: 04-04 Neurons

Gated ion channels for sodium and potassium open and close in rapid succession, causing the neuron to depolarize and then repolarize, during each
A.Action potential.
B. Homeostasis.
C. Metabolism.
D. Transporter.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-03 Describe the action potential.
Topic: 04-06 Action Potential

Which term describes the electrical signal transmitted along the axon when a neuron fires?
A.Lipophilic.
B. Polarization.
C. Hyperpolarization.
D. Action potential.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-03 Describe the action potential.
Topic: 04-06 Action Potential

Cocaine selectively blocks Na+ (sodium) channels, which is the mechanism that leads to which of the following?
A.CNS stimulation.
B. Increased heart rate.
C. Local anesthetic effects.
D. Cocaine dependence.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-03 Describe the action potential.
Topic: 04-06 Action Potential

Parkinson’s disease produces tremors and muscular rigidity because of damage to which of the following?
A.Acetylcholine neurons in the parasympathetic branch.
B. Dopamine neurons in the basal ganglia.
C. Norepinephrine neurons in the locus ceruleus.
D. The blood-brain barrier.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-04 Describe the roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system and associated neurotransmitters.
Topic: 04-05 Neurotransmission

Professor Jordan is an expert in the human nervous system. As his students you were asked to identify the correct term and description, which of the following would you choose?
A.The sympathetic nervous system: effect on the heart rate causes it to decrease.
B. The parasympathetic nervous system: causes the pupil of the eye to dilate.
C. Norepinephrine: a neurotransmitter that may be important to appetite regulation.
D. Acetylcholine: a neurotransmitter that may be important to appetite regulation.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-04 Describe the roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system and associated neurotransmitters.
Topic: 04-05 Neurotransmission

The neurotransmitter at the end organ of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is which of the following?
A.Serotonin
B. Dopamine
C. Norepinephrine
D. GABA

What is located at the base of the brain, is an important link between the brain and the pituitary gland, and is involved in feeding, drinking, temperature regulation, and sexual behaviour?
A.Cerebral cortex
B. Cerebellum
C. Limbic system
D. Hypothalamus

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-05 Match the major functions of the neurotransmitters with key brain structures and chemical pathways.
Learning Objective: 04-06 Describe the role of dopamine in Parkinson’s disease.
Topic: 04-12 Major Structures

Neural centers controlling vomiting and respiration are found in which of the following?
A.Brain stem
B. Frontal lobe
C. Cerebellum
D. Pituitary gland

Which of the following is responsible for arousal, attentiveness, wakefulness, and food intake?
A.Dopamine
B. Serotonin
C. Norepinephrine
D. GABA

Which of the following is responsible for reward, pleasure, and perseveration?
A.Dopamine
B. Serotonin
C. Norepinephrine
D. GABA

Which of the following is responsible for mood, memory, sleep, and cognition?
A.Dopamine
B. Serotonin
C. Norepinephrine
D. GABA

The club drug GHB is a close chemical relative of which neurotransmitter?
A.Dopamine.
B. Serotonin.
C. Norepinephrine.
D. GABA.

Which chemical pathway appears to be important in some types of psychotic behaviour, and in the reinforcing properties of various drugs?
A.Acetylcholine pathway from the nucleus basalis
B. Serotonin pathway from the raphe nuclei
C. Mesolimbic dopamine pathway
D. Glutamate pathway

Scientists at the University of British Columbia reported that an alcohol extract from the plant “Rhodiola rosea” could assist with which of the following?
A.Paralysis
B. Memory impaired disorders
C. Opioid withdrawal symptoms
D. Parkinson disease

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-05 Match the major functions of the neurotransmitters with key brain structures and chemical pathways.
Learning Objective: 04-06 Describe the role of dopamine in Parkinson’s disease.
Topic: 04-13 Chemical Pathways

What have weight control, aggression, impulsivity, and psychological depression all been associated with?
A.Serotonin pathways
B. Endorphins
C. GABA receptors
D. The parasympathetic branch

What are the natural chemicals in the brain that produce effects similar to those of opium-derived drugs called?
A.Amphetamines
B. Depressants
C. Endorphins
D. Ecstasy

What is the process called in which enzymes within neurons convert precursors into neurotransmitter molecules?
A.Homeostasis
B. Uptake
C. Depolarization
D. Synthesis

What is the space between two neurons called where the neurotransmitter molecules are released?
A.Transporter
B. Synapse
C. Partition
D. Vesicle

What term describes the specialized structures that recognize neurotransmitter molecules and, when activated, causes a change in the electrical activity of the neuron?
A.Pons
B. Receptors
C. Medulla
D. Autonomic

Which of the following neurotransmitters is found in most regions of the brain and is considered inhibitory?
A.Serotonin
B. Dopamine
C. GABA
D. Norepinephrine

Which term describes chemicals that are acted on by enzymes to form neurotransmitters?
A.Agonist
B. Antagonist
C. Transporter
D. Precursors

Whether the effect of a neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory depends on which of the following?
A.Blood sugar level
B. Type of receptor
C. Rate of synthesis
D. Enzyme actions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-07 Describe the life cycle of a neurotransmitter molecule.
Topic: 04-14 Drugs and the Brain

Martha’s mother has been treated for Alzheimer’s for the past year. Which of the following would she most likely been using?
A.The dopamine precursor L-dopa
B. Basalis-cortex injections
C. Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors
D. GABA inhibitors

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-06 Describe the role of dopamine in Parkinson’s disease.

Drugs can affect neurotransmitter systems in two main ways: either by altering the availability of the neurotransmitter in the synapse, or by doing which of the following?
A.Acting on the blood-brain barrier.
B. Altering hormone levels.
C. Acting directly on the receptors.
D. Increasing blood pressure.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-07 Describe the life cycle of a neurotransmitter molecule.
Topic: 04-15 Life Cycle of a Neurotransmitter

Which term describes a substance that prevents the effects of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell?
A.Agonist
B. Antagonist
C. Transporter
D. Precursors

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-07 Describe the life cycle of a neurotransmitter molecule.
Topic: 04-15 Life Cycle of a Neurotransmitter

Which term describes a substance that facilitates or mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell?
A.Agonist
B. Antagonist
C. Transporter
D. Precursors

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-07 Describe the life cycle of a neurotransmitter molecule.
Topic: 04-15 Life Cycle of a Neurotransmitter

Which biochemical theory of behaviour seems to have some overall merit?
A.The monoamine theory of mood.
B. The four humours.
C. Relationship of serotonin levels to personality type.
D. Presence of greater dopamine turnover in alcohol dependency.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-08 Recognize the importance of receptor types in determining the action of a neurotransmitter at a particular site in the brain.
Topic: 04-17 Chemical Theories of Behaviour

What is the brain imaging technique described in the book that can study where specific chemicals are binding in living humans called?
A.Positron emission tomography (PET)
B. Mass spectroscopy
C. Electron microscopy
D. Electrochemical detection

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-09 Describe brain imaging techniques.
Topic: 04-18 Brain Imaging Techniques

True / False Questions

Homeostasis can be loosely translated as “moving and fluid.”
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-01 Explain the concept of homeostasis.
Topic: 04-01 Homeostasis

Unlike neurons, glial cells in the brain are purely for support and are incapable of communicating with each other.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-02 List the general properties of glia and neurons.
Topic: 04-03 Glia

For drug molecules to readily cross the blood-brain barrier, they must be somewhat lipophilic (soluble in oil).
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-02 List the general properties of glia and neurons.
Topic: 04-05 Neurotransmission

The complex branching parts of a neuron that receive information from other neurons are called dendrites.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 04-02 List the general properties of glia and neurons.
Topic: 04-04 Neurons

The action potential is an electrical signal that is transmitted along the axon when a neuron fires.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-03 Describe the action potential.
Topic: 04-06 Action Potential

Information is carried down the axon by ion channels that are responsible for the electrical signal known as an action potential.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-03 Describe the action potential.
Topic: 04-05 Neurotransmission

If Martin was teaching the difference between the sympathetic reaction and parasympathetic reaction of the pupil he would state that dilation is a parasympathetic reaction.
FALSE

Parkinson’s disease is caused by damage to serotonin neurons in the raphe nuclei.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 04-05 Match the major functions of the neurotransmitters with key brain structures and chemical pathways.
Learning Objective: 04-06 Describe the role of dopamine in Parkinson’s disease.
Topic: 04-12 Major Structures

Neural centers controlling vomiting and respiration are found in the mesolimbic dopamine system.
FALSE

A drug is carried to the brain by the blood supply.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 04-07 Describe the life cycle of a neurotransmitter molecule.
Topic: 04-14 Drugs and the Brain

The tiny space between two neurons is called a synapse.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 04-07 Describe the life cycle of a neurotransmitter molecule.
Topic: 04-14 Drugs and the Brain

Many neurotransmitters can be either excitatory or inhibitory, depending on the type of receptor.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 04-07 Describe the life cycle of a neurotransmitter molecule.
Topic: 04-15 Life Cycle of a Neurotransmitter

One of the main ways drugs can affect neurotransmitter systems is by cutting off blood flow to a specific brain structure.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-07 Describe the life cycle of a neurotransmitter molecule.
Topic: 04-15 Life Cycle of a Neurotransmitter

The class of chemicals characterized by a single amine group; monoamine neurotransmitters include dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin are called monoamine.
TRUE

The monoamine theory of mood relates to the treatment of schizophrenia.
FALSE

MRI and PET are two types of neurotransmitter chemicals.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 04-09 Describe brain imaging techniques.
Topic: 04-18 Brain Imaging Techniques

In the MRI, radioactively labelled chemical is injected into the bloodstream, and a computerized scanning device then maps out the relative amounts of the chemical in various brain regions.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-09 Describe brain imaging techniques.
Topic: 04-18 Brain Imaging Techniques

Short Answer Questions

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis maintains an environment of body functions within a certain range (e.g., temperature, blood pressure).

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-01 Explain the concept of homeostasis.
Topic: 04-01 Homeostasis

How many types of glia cells exist, and what is their overall function?

The nervous system has been reported to have 10 to 50 times as many glia as neurons. An important function of glia is to create the blood-brain barrier, a barrier between the blood and the fluid that surrounds neurons.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-02 List the general properties of glia and neurons.
Topic: 04-02 Components of the Nervous System

What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?

The blood-brain barrier is a structure that prevents many drugs from entering the brain.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-02 List the general properties of glia and neurons.
Topic: 04-02 Components of the Nervous System

Describe the peripheral nervous system.

The peripheral nervous system is a division of the nervous system containing all the nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 04-04 Describe the roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system and associated neurotransmitters.
Topic: 04-07 The Peripheral Nervous System

Describe the somatic system.

The somatic system is a collection of nerve cells that interact with the external environment to carry sensory information into the central nervous system and carry motor (movement) information back out.

Describe the role of serotonin.

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter found in the raphe nuclei; may be important for impulsivity, mood, and cognition, and plays a role in depression.

Describe endorphins.

Endorphin are opiate-like chemical that occurs naturally in the brain of humans and other animals.

What are the roles of agonist and antagonist drugs?

The agonist drug is a substance that facilitates or mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell. The antagonist drug a substance that prevents the effects of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 04-07 Describe the life cycle of a neurotransmitter molecule.
Topic: 04-14 Drugs and the Brain

How did the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates describe behaviour patterns?

Hippocrates believed that behaviour patterns reflected the relative balances of four humours: blood (hot and wet, resulting in a sanguine or passionate nature); phlegm (cold and wet, resulting in a phlegmatic or calm nature); yellow bile (hot and dry, resulting in a choleric, bilious, or bad-tempered nature); and black bile (cold and dry, resulting in a melancholic or gloomy nature).

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-08 Recognize the importance of receptor types in determining the action of a neurotransmitter at a particular site in the brain.
Topic: 04-17 Chemical Theories of Behaviour

PET and MRI are two examples of what technology?

Brain Imaging Techniques

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 04-09 Describe brain imaging techniques.
Topic: 04-18 Brain Imaging Techniques

What are the two important lines of evidence that suggest that homeostatic processes mobilize to counteract some alcohol-related effects?

The first is, following consumption of an alcoholic beverage, heavy drinkers have less urine output than do infrequent drinkers; and (2) during alcohol withdrawal, heavy drinkers exhibit an increased vasopressin release, resulting in greater water retention.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-01 Explain the concept of homeostasis.
Topic: 04-01 Homeostasis

Describe the structure of a neuron.

Neurons have four regions: cell body-containing nucleus and other substances that sustain the neuron; dendrites-treelike features that extend from the cell body and contain receptors; axon-long, slender extension of the cell body responsible for conducting the action potential to the presynaptic terminals; presynaptic terminals-bulbous structures at the end of the axon where neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-02 List the general properties of glia and neurons.
Topic: 04-04 Neurons

Describe the action potential.

An essential process for neuronal communication is the action potential. This electrical signal initiates a chain of events that allows one neuron to communicate with another through the release of neurotransmitters. The action potential occurs as a result of opening ion channels (pores in the membrane) that allow electrically charged particles (ions) access to the inside of the cell. This change moves the cell’s membrane away from its resting potential (about – 65 mV to – 70 mV) to a more positively charged voltage. When the cell membrane is at rest, it has an uneven distribution of ions between the inside (intracellular) and outside (extracellular) of the cell.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-03 Describe the action potential.
Topic: 04-06 Action Potential

Describe the differing effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system.

Sympathetic-“fight-or-flight” reactions: opens bronchi, decreases blood supply to skin, increases heart rate, reduces stomach motility, dilates pupils.
Parasympathetic-inhibits heart rate, constricts pupils, increases stomach motility, dilates skin blood vessels, and constricts bronchi.

Describe the Basal Ganglia and what it does?

The basal ganglia, as the name suggests, consist of tightly interconnected clusters of neuronal cell bodies buried deep within the brain. The caudate nucleus, the putamen, and the globus pallidus are the main structures. The basal ganglia receive information from different regions of the cortex and, once processed, return this information to the motor cortex via the thalamus.

What does the limbic system consist of and what role does it play in the nervous system?

It consist of a number of connected structures that are involved in emotion, memory for location and level of physical activity. The limbic system includes the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus. Combined with the hypothalamus, the limbic system involves important chemical for behavioural control at a more primitive level (reward) than that of the cerebral cortex.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-05 Match the major functions of the neurotransmitters with key brain structures and chemical pathways.
Learning Objective: 04-06 Describe the role of dopamine in Parkinson’s disease.
Topic: 04-12 Major Structures

What are the steps involved in the life cycle of a neurotransmitter?

Steps involved are uptake of precursors; synthesis of the transmitter; storage in vesicles; release into the synapse; interaction with the receptor; reuptake into the releasing neuron; and metabolism by enzymes.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-07 Describe the life cycle of a neurotransmitter molecule.
Topic: 04-15 Life Cycle of a Neurotransmitter

Drugs can interact with neurotransmitters in two ways. What are they?

Drugs can alter the availability of the neurotransmitter in the synapse or affect the receptors by 1) mimicking the action of the neurotransmitter (agonist) or 2) occupying the receptor preventing the neurotransmitter from activating (antagonist).

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-07 Describe the life cycle of a neurotransmitter molecule.
Topic: 04-16 Examples of Drug Actions

Describe what is known regarding drug treatments for the vast majority of psychopathologies

First, drug treatments for the vast majority of psychopathologies are not cures; they provide only relief from disease-related symptoms, indicating that much of the complexities associated with many psychopathologies have yet to be elucidated. Second, to date, no single neurochemical theory of depression has yet obtained sufficient experimental support to be considered an explanation.

What are the limitations of brain imaging (fMRI and PET) technology?

Although brain imaging (fMRI and PET) offers a glimpse into the working of the human brain, it is not without limitations. For example the production of a brain image involves many assumptions and complicated statistical analysis, which are often not standardized from one laboratory or hospital to the next. In addition, colour coding (“false colour” images and not pictures of the in vivo brain) of various amounts of brain activity can be arbitrary (e.g., some researchers may use a colour scheme that gives an illusion of enormous differences when only small differences actually exist).

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 04-09 Describe brain imaging techniques.
Topic: 04-18 Brain Imaging Techniques