Description
Effective Group Discussion Theory and Practice Gloria Galanes 15th Edition- Test Bank
Sample Questions
Instant Download With Answers
Effective Group Discussion: Theory and Practice, 15e (Galanes)
Chapter 2 Human Communication Processes in the Small Group Context
1) Communication is ________ implies that all interactants mutually and simultaneously define both themselves and others during communication.
- A) people orientation
- B) symbolic interactionism
- C) relationship dimension
- D) transactional
- E) encoding principle
Answer: D
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
2) Every spoken message indicates meanings of two types (levels):
- A) verbal and reciprocal.
- B) signals and sign.
- C) small group and social.
- D) content (denotative) and relational.
- E) connotative and semantic.
Answer: D
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
3) EffectiveGroupDiscussion defines human communication as
- A) sending and receiving of messages.
- B) exchanging meanings.
- C) sharing information and ideas.
- D) people simultaneously create, interpret, and negotiate shared meaning through their interaction.
- E) the derivation, encoding, transmitting, and evaluation of shared personal meanings.
Answer: D
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
4) ________ listeners focus on the task, remember details, and prefers an organized presentation.
- A) Action-oriented
- B) People-oriented
- C) Content-oriented
- D) Time-oriented
- E) Self-oriented
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
5) Frankie and Lance are engaged in a discussion where each pays close attention to what the other is saying and how each is saying it. They work together to determine the meanings of the words and phrases in their conversation. This conversation illustrates which principle of human communication?
- A) Communication is not always intentional.
- B) Communication is a transactional process.
- C) Communication is personal.
- D) Human communication is symbolic.
- E) Communication involves content and relationship dimensions.
Answer: B
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
6) Human communications is symbolic, which is:
- A) arbitrary where all words are symbols
- B) verbal or nonverbal communications
- C) personal or impersonal communications
- D) transactional or intentional communications
- E) a sign
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
7) Communication is a transactional process. What does that mean?
- A) Transactional implies that participants in a communication must cooperate and negotiate shared meaning and understanding.
- B) Communication is an ongoing event with no clear beginning or end.
- C) Transactional implies that the sender-receiver roles occur simultaneously.
- D) Transaction implies that communication is a sender and receiver phenomenon.
- E) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: E
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
8) What does it mean to say that communications involves relationship dimensions?
- A) The relationship dimension of a message refers to the subject of the message.
- B) The relationship dimension of a message refers to what the message reveals about how the speaker views his or her relationship to the other participants.
- C) The relationship dimension of a message refers to the idea or topic of the message.
- D) None of these answers are correct.
- E) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: B
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
9) To achieve the level of mutual understanding necessary to accomplish an interdependent goal, members of a small group must have ________ meaning for the verbal messages they create in discussion.
- A) concrete
- B) abstract
- C) different
- D) identical
- E) shared
Answer: E
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
10) As used in EffectiveGroupDiscussion, “meaning” indicates something that occurs in
- A) signals.
- B) symbols.
- C) messages.
- D) people.
- E) communication.
Answer: D
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
11) In American business culture, people who come late to meetings without a very good reason are considered to be
- A) inconsiderate, undisciplined and selfish.
- B) very busy.
- C) poorly organized.
- D) powerful and of high status.
- E) ineffective and of low status.
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
12) “Backchannel” refers to
- A) visible gestures discussants make in response to each other’s comments.
- B) speaking alternately in turn.
- C) any and all responses of group members to messages from each other.
- D) vocalizations uttered in response that show interest and active listening.
- E) vocal intonations.
Answer: D
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
13) People from a culture in which the backchannel is rarely used are likely to perceive people who use it often as being
- A) courteous and attentive.
- B) rude interrupters.
- C) argumentative and dogmatic.
- D) stupid and emotional.
- E) active listeners.
Answer: B
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
14) Tone of voice and other nonverbal cues that indicate how a speaker considers herself in terms of other group members is
- A) the intentional dimension of communication.
- B) the personal dimension of communication.
- C) the relationship dimension of communication.
- D) the content dimension of communication.
- E) the communicative episode.
Answer: C
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
15) The term that refers to how much group members perceive the communication medium to be like face-to-face interaction socially and emotionally is
- A) social presence.
- B) synchronous communication.
- C) simultaneous presence.
- D) asynchronous communication.
- E) likeability.
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
16) What is CMC?
- A) computer-mediated communication
- B) conflict management communication
- C) census mediated communication
- D) communication means community
- E) none of these
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
17) Good listeners do which of the following?
- A) are attentive
- B) don’t interrupt
- C) help to clarify confusing messages by asking questions in a nonthreatening way
- D) paraphrase and provides feedback
- E) all of these
Answer: E
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
18) What might be the correct interpretation for silence?
- A) Silence may mean that people don’t understand what is said.
- B) Silence may mean that people don’t agree with what is said.
- C) Silence may mean that people are apathetic.
- D) Silence is holding back information for all kinds of reasons.
- E) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: E
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
19) Which is not a listening preference?
- A) people-oriented listeners
- B) action-oriented listeners
- C) group-oriented listeners
- D) content-oriented listeners
- E) time-oriented
Answer: C
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
20) Listeners who are concerned about how their listening behavior affects relationships are called
- A) people-oriented listeners.
- B) action-oriented listeners.
- C) content-oriented listeners.
- D) time-oriented listeners.
- E) none of these.
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
21) Which are nonverbal behaviors?
- A) what a person wears
- B) a person’s mannerisms
- C) where a person sits
- D) emphasis a person places on time
- E) all of these
Answer: E
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
22) Typographical symbols used by CMC to help convey relational messages and social presence:
- A) emoticons
- B) emotive words
- C) hidden antagonizers
- D) abstractions
- E) communicators
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
23) Which of the following is one of the four factors that influence the small group context as laid out by your authors?
- A) number of communicators involved
- B) feedback is psychologically complex
- C) member pressure to conform to role expectations
- D) roles between participants are more formalized and goals defined while managing tension.
- E) all of these
Answer: E
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
24) Which of these options is better when group cohesiveness and interpersonal relationships are important?
- A) Teleconferences
- B) Face-to-face meetings
Answer: B
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
25) Group organization is easier to maintain during
- A) Teleconferences
- B) Face-to-face meetings
Answer: B
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
26) In conflict, more opinion change may occur during
- A) Teleconferences
- B) Face-to-face meetings
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
27) People generally prefer
- A) Teleconferences
- B) Face-to-face meetings
Answer: B
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
28) Participants may pay more attention to what is said during
- A) Teleconferences
- B) Face-to-face meetings
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
29) Choose the group consisting of group members who really enjoy analyzing things they hear.
- A) People-oriented listeners
- B) Action-oriented listeners
- C) Content-oriented listeners
- D) Time-oriented listeners
Answer: C
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
30) This group is focused on the task at hand.
- A) People-oriented listeners
- B) Action-oriented listeners
- C) Content-oriented listeners
- D) Time-oriented listeners
Answer: B
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
31) This group is sensitive to cues that may indicate impatience.
- A) People-oriented listeners
- B) Action-oriented listeners
- C) Content-oriented listeners
- D) Time-oriented listeners
Answer: D
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
32) This group wonders how their listening behavior affects relationships.
- A) People-oriented listeners
- B) Action-oriented listeners
- C) Content-oriented listeners
- D) Time-oriented listeners
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
33) This term describes the study of uses of space and territory between and among people.
- A) regulators
- B) proxemics
- C) haptics
- D) vocal cues
Answer: B
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
34) This term describes the study of the perception of and use of touch.
- A) regulators
- B) proxemics
- C) haptics
- D) vocal cues
Answer: C
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
35) This term describes nonverbal behavior used to control who speaks during a discussion.
- A) regulators
- B) proxemics
- C) haptics
- D) vocal cues
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
36) This term describes paralanguage are any characteristic of voice and utterance other than words.
- A) regulators
- B) proxemics
- C) haptics
- D) vocal cues
Answer: D
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
37) The term which implies that group members must cooperate to achieve mutual understanding and that all are simultaneously sending and receiving signals is ________.
Answer: transaction; transactional
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
38) A conference electronically mediated by networked computers is called a ________.
Answer: net conference
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
39) The technique of paraphrasing what the listener understands a speaker to mean, then asking for confirmation or correction, is called ________ listening.
Answer: active
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
40) All words are ________.
Answer: symbols
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
41) This principle of communication is sometimes stated as “You cannot NOT communicate” ________.
Answer: unintentional/communication is not always intentional
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
42) Gestures, facial expressions, body postures, and other movements are studied as communicative signals in the field of ________.
Answer: kinesics
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
43) Nonverbal behaviors which direct the flow of verbal messages among group members are called ________.
Answer: regulators
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
44) Vocalizations such as “right on,” “umm-hmm,” and “amen” while another group member is speaking are called ________.
Answer: backchannels
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
45) When group members are in tune with each other they tend to imitate each other’s posture and movements. This behavior is called ________.
Answer: body synchrony
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
46) ________ indicate feelings and moods.
Answer: Facial expressions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
47) During small group communication, only one person in a group sends signals while other members act as receivers.
Answer: FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
48) Each symbol has an intrinsic, inherent meaning.
Answer: FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
49) Symbols are arbitrary, human creations used to represent experiences, objects, or concepts.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
50) How well a person communicates depends more on attitudes toward other people and knowledge about how communication occurs than on specific communication skills and techniques.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
51) Responsibility for a misunderstanding is usually shared by speaker and listener(s).
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
52) Misunderstanding results from a breakdown in the communication process.
Answer: FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
53) A “thumbs up” gesture, as used in America, is a type of symbol.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
54) “Communication” involves only intentional signals/messages.
Answer: FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
55) “Listening” is a synonym for “hearing.”
Answer: FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
56) Verbal and nonverbal messages operate together to create meaning; they are indivisible.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
57) Asynchronous communication is communication where there is a delay between messages.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
58) Before agreeing or disagreeing with what another person has said, an active listener verifies his or her understanding of the statement.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
59) Every verbal message has nonverbal components.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
60) Regulating who speaks, and when, during a small group discussion is done primarily with words, such as a leader calling on persons by name.
Answer: FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
61) Paralanguage is nonverbal characteristics of voice and utterance.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
62) You cannot stop communicating while meeting with other group members.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
63) Discussion flows more often among persons sitting side by side in a circle than among persons sitting across from each other.
Answer: FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
64) “Kinesics” refers to the study of movements, such as emphatic or descriptive gestures.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
65) The symbolic and personal nature of communication makes for perfect understanding amongst communicators.
Answer: FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
66) A person who takes up a lot of space at a meeting table is likely to have a low status in the group.
Answer: FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
67) Mesomorphs (muscular types) are more likely to be perceived as leaders.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
68) Strokes are more appropriate than pats as signs of affecting and unity among members of American secondary groups.
Answer: FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
69) Group members whose faces are highly expressive of their feelings are likely to be more trusted than members who are “poker” faced.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
70) How does the small group context impact communication in small groups?
Answer:
- As group size increases, so does the complexity of coordinating member messages and behavior.
- Face-to-face groups enjoy immediate feedback, but this is complicated because it comes from member to member and member to group.
- Groups require more defined roles or behavioral expectations in order to coordinate actions from multiple individuals.
- groups must clearly define their goals and manage the tension between group goals and individual ones. (4 points)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
71) During a discussion Clement says: “Well, I suppose we should do something to try to get people to report crimes they observe…” as his voice trails off into silence. Describe how a really good listener would respond to this statement (assuming it to be important enough to bother responding overtly).
Answer: The listener would incorporate active listening, by asking what the speaker meant. For example: “Clement, you seem very equivocal about doing something to get citizens to report crimes they observe being committed. Would you please explain more specifically what you think and feel about getting people to report crimes?” (2 points)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
72) Explain what is meant by “communication is a transactional process.”
Answer:Transactional suggests all interactants mutually and simultaneously define both themselves and others during communication (1). In addition, transactional implies that the sender-receiver roles occur simultaneously, not alternately (1). Finally, process implies that communication is ongoing with no clear beginning or ending (1). (total of 3 points)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
73) How are the content and the relationship dimensions of communication different?
Answer: The content or denotative dimension of the message is the subject, idea, or topic of the message—the what of the message (1). The relationship dimension of the message refers to what the message reveals how the speaker views his or her relationship to the other participants—the how of the message (1). (total of 2 points)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
74) List and give an example of each of the types of nonverbal behaviors indicated in your text.
Answer:
- physical appearance – response to appearance
- space and seating – personal space and territory, to communicate.
- eye contact – do people look away or directly at
- facial expressions – indicate feelings and mood.
- movements – bodily movements and gestures
- vocal cues – paralanguage that includes voice and utterances.
- time cues – emphasis placed on time
- touch – handshake
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Effective Group Discussion: Theory and Practice, 15e (Galanes)
Chapter 4 Diversity and the Effects of Culture
1) “Culture” is defined in EffectiveGroupDiscussion as
- A) the artistic and technological output of a society.
- B) the different ways in which peoples communicate.
- C) the patterns of values, beliefs, symbols, norms, and behaviors shared by a group of people.
- D) a group of people who share a language, a religion, and values.
- E) education and development of people so they can fit into a society or other large group.
Answer: C
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
2) A grouping that sees itself as distinct, yet part of a larger group is termed which of the following?
- A) subculture
- B) plural culture
- C) monoculture
- D) co-culture
- E) none of these
Answer: D
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
3) One who is ________ believes that his or her own culture is inherently superior to all others.
- A) ethnocentric
- B) subcultural
- C) intracultural
- D) power distanced
- E) co-cultural
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
4) Individuals born before 1945 belong to which generation?
- A) builder
- B) boomer
- C) X
- D) net
- E) Y
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
5) In a study of stereotypes typically held by African Americans and Caucasians about each other, Leonard and Locke found that
- A) persons in each of these categories held equally negative stereotypes about the other.
- B) Caucasians had more negative impressions of African Americans.
- C) they perceive each other as threatening and have generally negative evaluations of each other.
- D) there is good reason to think such stereotyping will soon end.
- E) these stereotypes do not affect communicative behavior between persons in the two categories.
Answer: C
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
6) Persons with a high power-distance culture prefer
- A) conformity and directive leadership.
- B) individualism and authoritarian leadership.
- C) nonconformists and democratic leadership.
- D) hands-off leaders, or shared leadership.
- E) low levels of conformity among group members.
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
7) Techniques (suggested by Bantz) for managing cultural diversity among members of a work group:
- A) avoid specific goals and deadlines.
- B) establish explicitly consensus goals and deadlines.
- C) mix persons from different cultures in task teams.
- D) integrate work and socializing so they occur simultaneously.
- E) teach Esperanto to all members as a work language.
Answer: B
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
8) In China, instead of hearing, “No, I don’t agree with that idea,” you are more likely to hear, “Perhaps we could explore that option,” even though the statements may mean the same thing. That is because in China what is not said is often more important than what is said. This is because China is a ________ culture.
- A) high-context
- B) low-context
- C) collectivist
- D) masculine
- E) high-power distance
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
9) Rural and urban; white collar and blue collar; eastern, southern, western, and midwestern United States;—these are all examples of
- A) intracultures.
- B) intercultures.
- C) masculine cultures.
- D) co-cultures.
- E) nominal cultures.
Answer: D
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
10) Some cultures, The Netherlands and Thailand, for example, value behaviors such as nurturing and caring for others. This type of culture is referred to as
- A) femininity.
- B) low context.
- C) low power distance.
- D) masculinity.
- E) high uncertainty avoidance.
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
11) Intracultural communication is
- A) among individuals from different cultures or co-cultures.
- B) among individuals from the same culture or co-culture.
- C) the basis for all encounters in group communication.
- D) All of these answers are correct.
- E) None of these answers are correct.
Answer: B
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
12) Intercultural communication is
- A) among individuals from different cultures or co-cultures.
- B) among individuals from the same culture or co-culture.
- C) the basis for all encounters in group communication.
- D) All of these answers are correct.
- E) None of these answers are correct.
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
13) Which culture is more comfortable with a controlling, directive leadership style?
- A) masculine cultures
- B) feminine cultures
- C) high-context communication
- D) low uncertainty avoidance
- E) none of these
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
14) The significant events people live through together contribute to the formation of their worldview, values, and communication preferences. This is an example of
- A) co-cultural differences based on gender.
- B) co-cultural differences based on ethnicity.
- C) co-cultural differences based on age.
- D) co-cultural differences based on race.
- E) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: C
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
15) The generation, born from 1901 to 1945, tend to be cautious about money, defer gratification, and believe in self-sacrifice, and working toward the common good is the
- A) boomer generation.
- B) X generation.
- C) net generation.
- D) builder generation.
- E) None of these answers are correct.
Answer: D
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
16) Which of the following describe co-cultural characteristics based on socioeconomic class?
- A) income
- B) education
- C) job authority
- D) skill
- E) all of these
Answer: E
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
17) Which of the following describe why generalizing about male and female behavior is misleading?
- A) Men and women can and do behave similarly in groups.
- B) The nature of the task can mediate the influence of gender and sex.
- C) The group composition can mediate the influence of gender and sex.
- D) Individual identity preferences can mediate the influence of gender and sex.
- E) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: E
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
18) Propp found that, in mixed sex groups, information provided by women is evaluated more stringently, this is an example of
- A) minimal differences between sex.
- B) minimal differences between gender.
- C) biological sex as a status cue.
- D) differences between age.
- E) differences between race.
Answer: C
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
19) Being alert, open, willing and reflective is an example of ________ communication.
- A) honest
- B) mindful
- C) good
- D) helpful
- E) none of these
Answer: B
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
20) Which is not a guideline for ethical intercultural interaction?
- A) Recognize and accept differences
- B) Resist making attributions of stupidity or ill intent
- C) Be willing to discuss intercultural differences openly
- D) Be willing to adapt to differences
- E) All of these
Answer: E
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
21) United States of America has a(n)
- A) collectivist culture
- B) individualistic culture
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
22) Nigeria has a(n)
- A) collectivist culture
- B) individualistic culture
Answer: B
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
23) China has a(n)
- A) collectivist culture
- B) individualistic culture
Answer: B
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
24) Japan has a(n)
- A) collectivist culture
- B) individualistic culture
Answer: B
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
25) Native Americans have a(n)
- A) collectivist culture
- B) individualistic culture
Answer: B
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
26) A message carried by the context and nonverbal content is
- A) high context communication
- B) low context communication
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
27) Germany and Switzerland use
- A) high context communication
- B) low context communication
Answer: B
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
28) The United States of America uses
- A) high context communication
- B) low context communication
Answer: B
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
29) China and South Korea use
- A) high context communication
- B) low context communication
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
30) Culturally diverse; meaning cannot be taken for granted.
- A) high context communication
- B) low context communication
Answer: B
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
31) Likely to also be a collectivist culture
- A) high context communication
- B) low context communication
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
32) This generation experienced divorce on a massive scale.
- A) Builder generation
- B) Boomer generation
- C) X generation
- D) Millennial generation
Answer: C
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
33) This generation grew up with computers.
- A) Builder generation
- B) Boomer generation
- C) X generation
- D) Millennial generation
Answer: D
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
34) For this generation a major influence was the death of Princess Diana.
- A) Builder generation
- B) Boomer generation
- C) X generation
- D) Millennial generation
Answer: D
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
35) This generation experienced the Great Depression.
- A) Builder generation
- B) Boomer generation
- C) X generation
- D) Millennial generation
Answer: A
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
36) This generation experienced the civil rights movement.
- A) Builder generation
- B) Boomer generation
- C) X generation
- D) Millennial generation
Answer: B
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
37) This generation experienced higher suicide rate than other generations.
- A) Builder generation
- B) Boomer generation
- C) X generation
- D) Millennial generation
Answer: C
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
38) A person who thinks his or her culture is superior to other cultures (e.g., “the American way is the right way.”) is said to be ________.
Answer: ethnocentric
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
39) A culture in which verbal statements tend to be highly ambiguous, but can be interpreted accurately on the basis of contextual conditions and nonverbal signals, is said to involve ________ communication.
Answer: high-context
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
40) A grouping that sees itself as distinct but is still part of the larger culture is termed a ________.
Answer: co-culture
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
41) Propp found that in ________ sex groups, information provided by women is evaluated more stringently.
Answer: mixed
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
42) An example of an individualistic culture where the needs of the individual predominates over the needs of the group can be found in ________.
Answer:the United States
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
43) An example of a high power-distance culture, where people adhere to a rigid, hierarchical status system, is ________.
Answer:the Philippines, Mexico, Iraq, India
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
44) Within the United States, the ________ culture is more collectivistic than individualistic.
Answer:African-American or female
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
45) The ________ generation lived through the Vietnam War, the civil rights movement, Watergate, and the advent of birth control.
Answer: boomer
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
46) The ________ generation lived through the Great Depression, World War II, the polio epidemic, and the four-term presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Answer: builder
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
47) To communicate successfully with people of different cultures a person must become ethnocentric.
Answer: FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
48) The language a person uses is a good indicator of the person’s cultural identity or identities.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
49) Members of a small group who come from two or more cultures may have learned different rules about what may be discussed, how to express disagreement, how to reach decisions, and where to look in face-to-face groups.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
50) Middle-class males use longer sentences and generally more complex speaking patterns.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
51) There can be great differences between “masculine” and “feminine” in different cultures.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
52) Because enculturated differences are learned, they can be changed quickly and easily when people are taught how to make some changes.
Answer: FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
53) Most North Americans share the belief that life is like a flowing river, so one must learn to go with the flow rather than seek to change it.
Answer: FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
54) Malaysians and Arabians are more likely to challenge what a person of high rank in a group says than are Americans.
Answer: FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
55) People who identify most strongly with a collectivist culture perform better if they are rewarded as a group rather than as individuals.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
56) In a culture with low context communication, the meaning is carried by the words, verbal content.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
57) High context cultures tend to be very individualistic.
Answer: FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
58) Many Japanese people are suspicious of persons who display great skill at being explicit, clear, and direct when expressing opinions.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
59) People from collectivist cultures value cooperation within the group and slow consensus building rather than direct confrontation in which individual opinions are debated.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
60) Ethnically diverse groups tend to come up with less creative solutions than ethnically homogeneous group do.
Answer: FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
61) Members of collectivist cultures (e.g., China) tend to value verbal clarity more than members of an individualistic culture (e.g., USA).
Answer: FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
62) The United States has a high uncertainty avoidance culture.
Answer: FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
63) In the United States, it tends to be difficult for African Americans to participate in groups dominated by Caucasian Americans, and vice versa.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
64) Minority members of groups are often the lowest contributors.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
65) Diversity can enhance a group’s performance, if a group’s communication process allows members to integrate their diverse perspectives.
Answer: TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
66) A group member’s culture or co-culture has a major influence on that member’s communication behavior: describe the 5 influences.
Answer:
- The pluralism of U.S. society and the fact that societal diversity is increasing guarantees that groups of the future will be increasingly culturally diverse.
- The more similar group members’ cultures are, making the communication more intracultural, the easier it will be for them to take communication for granted; however, the increase in diversity, making communication more intercultural, demands that members try to understand and embrace their differences.
- Diversity confers a number of competitive advantages, including creativity and problem solving.
- Ethnocentricity—judging someone’s behavior through the lens of your own culture—creates unnecessary problems in groups.
- We all simultaneously belong to several co-cultures, smaller cultures within the larger one, whose values and communication patterns may be very important to us. (up to a total of 10 points)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
67) Explain the difference between “culture” and “cultural grouping”.
Answer: “Culture” is the pattern of values, beliefs, symbols, norms, and behaviors shared by an identifiable group of individuals. “Cultural grouping” can refuter to ethnicity, interest grouping, age group, or even socioeconomic class. In short, any symbol system that is “bounded and salient” to individuals may be termed a culture.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
68) Outline or list a set of two or more ethical guidelines for communicating in intercultural small groups. Support (provide reasons for; explain importance of) each principle you list.
Answer:
- Remember that every discussion is intercultural to some extent. Because we each have unique backgrounds, we do not use verbal and nonverbal signals to mean exactly the same things. (2).
- Recognize and accept differences; view them as strengths of the group, not liabilities. Instead of judging others as wrong for behaving in ways different from yours, recognize that each of us is the product of our culture. Resolve to learn from each other, not try to change each other. (2).
- Resist making attributions of stupidity or ill intent; ask yourself whether the other member’s behavior could have cultural origin. When another member’s behavior seems rude, inconsiderate, or unusual, ask yourself whether you could be observing a cultural difference in what is considered appropriate behavior before you decide the other member is worthless to the group. (2).
- Be willing to discuss intercultural differences openly and initiate discussion of differences you observe. Instead of being uncomfortable or pretending that differences do not exist, be willing to ask for and share information about cultural norms and rules. When you observe differences, you can enrich everyone’s understanding by pointing them out and initiating a discussion about how cultures vary. (2)
- Be willing to adapt to differences. Instead of insisting that others follow the prescriptions of your culture, be willing to adapt your behavior to different cultural practices when appropriate. Try to incorporate the key values and needs of each culture into the group’s procedures and outputs. (2) (total of 10 points)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
69) A variable called “power distance” greatly affects who is expected to communicate about what and how. A related variable is “uncertainty avoidance.” Cultures range from high to low in preferences for power distance and uncertainty avoidance. What differences would high versus low power distance make in (1) the degree to which group members are expected to conform to norms, (2) how members of the culture respond to recommendations and feedback from superiors (authorities), (3) preference for authoritarian or democratic leaders, and (4) acceptance of dissent and disagreement?
Answer:
- All members of cultures with high power distance insist on a very high level of conformity to norms; deviations are punished severely; cultures with low power distance and uncertainty avoidance tolerate much more individual deviation from norms (2).
- Members of high power-distance cultures are expected NOT to challenge orders, but to do what they are told and to conform closely to feedback from superiors. Members of low power-distance cultures are expected to evaluate orders from superiors, and are then responsible for responding ethically; they are expected to judge for themselves what is an appropriate response to feedback from persons of higher rank or status (2).
- Members of high power-distance cultures prefer authoritarian leaders and reject democratic leadership. Just the opposite is true of members of low power-distance cultures (2).
- High power-distance cultures tolerate little open dissent and disagreement; low power-distance cultures invite open dissent (2). (total of 8 points)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
70) Explain some of the competitive advantages of effective diversity management.
Answer: Table 5.1 on page 110 outlines the answer.
- Resource acquisition: Companies known for effective diversity management develop reputations as desirable places to work, and thus can recruit a highly skilled labor pool (1).
- Marketing advantage: As markets become diverse, a diverse workforce provides increased awareness and a competitive advantage (1).
- System flexibility: Appreciation of varying viewpoints produces greater openness to ideas and helps a company handle challenges and changes (1).
- Creativity: Diverse viewpoints enhance creativity, decision making, and performance (1).
- Problem solving: Diverse viewpoints lead to better decisions because a wider range of perspectives is considered and issues are analyzed more thoroughly and critically (1).
- Cost reduction: Failure to integrate all workers leads to higher turnover, absenteeism, and so forth; effective diversity management saves money. (1). (total of 6 points)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Reviews
There are no reviews yet.