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Environmental Geology 11Th Edition By Carla Montgomery – Test Bank
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Environmental Geology, 11e (Montgomery)
Chapter 2 Rocks and Minerals – A First Look
1) Which of the following would not be considered a mineral?
- A) a naturally occurring, crystalline, solid chemical element or compound with a definite or range of composition
- B) possibly an organic chemical compound
- C) necessarily inorganic
- D) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: B
Section: 02.02: Minerals–General
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
2) An atom that has 20 protons and 20 neutrons in its nucleus has this atomic number
- A) 20.
- B) 40.
- C) 400.
- D) Cannot determine because not enough information is given.
Answer: A
Section: 02.01: Atoms, Elements, Isotopes, Ions, and Compounds
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
3) Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are ________ of that element.
- A) ions
- B) isotopes
- C) electrons
- D) atomic numbers
Answer: B
Section: 02.01: Atoms, Elements, Isotopes, Ions, and Compounds
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
4) Which of the following physical properties are unreliable and not unique to a particular mineral and so must be used only cautiously when identifying minerals in the absence of scientific instruments?
- A) hardness
- B) cleavage
- C) density
- D) color
Answer: D
Section: 02.02: Minerals–General
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
5) The internal regular arrangement of ions or atoms in a material makes it
- A) amorphous.
- B) non-crystalline.
- C) crystalline.
- D) None of the options are correct.
Answer: C
Section: 02.02: Minerals–General
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
6) The most common minerals in the crust are
- A) carbonates.
- B) silicates.
- C) sulfates.
- D) sulfides.
Answer: B
Section: 02.03: Types of Minerals
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
7) Silicates rich in iron and/or magnesium are termed
- A) cations.
- B) feldspars.
- C) ferromagnesian.
- D) magnetite.
Answer: C
Section: 02.03: Types of Minerals
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
8) Which of the following is a silicate mineral?
- A) galena
- B) calcite
- C) micas
- D) pyrite
Answer: C
Section: 02.03: Types of Minerals
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
9) Expansive clays
- A) expand when wet, shrink when dried out.
- B) make a good building foundation because they mold to the structure.
- C) are economically useful sulfide minerals.
- D) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: A
Section: 02.03: Types of Minerals
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
10) Native elements are those elements that
- A) do not have more than one isotope.
- B) are all those found naturally in the earth.
- C) are common in rocks of the United States.
- D) occur as minerals consisting of a single element.
Answer: D
Section: 02.03: Types of Minerals
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
11) Which of the following are minerals that comprise a native element?
- A) sulfur
- B) diamond
- C) graphite
- D) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: D
Section: 02.03: Types of Minerals
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
12) Which of the following is not a member of the silicate group of minerals?
- A) quartz
- B) feldspar
- C) mica
- D) diamond
Answer: D
Section: 02.03: Types of Minerals
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
13) Which of the following is a member of the sulfide mineral group?
- A) calcite
- B) pyrite
- C) gypsum
- D) mica
Answer: B
Section: 02.03: Types of Minerals
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
14) Rocks that crystallize from magma are
- A) igneous.
- B) metamorphic.
- C) sedimentary.
- D) clastic.
Answer: A
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
15) Sedimentary rocks include
- A) pieces of other rocks cemented together (sandstone, shale).
- B) chemical precipitates (halite, gypsum).
- C) organically precipitated components cemented together (shells cemented to form limestone).
- D) organically formed materials compressed together (partially decomposed plant material formed into lignite or coal).
- E) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: E
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
16) A subgroup of silicates that includes minerals used in ceramics, construction, and drilling for oil is the
- A) clay subgroup.
- B) ferromagnesian subgroup.
- C) mica subgroup.
- D) zeolite subgroup.
Answer: A
Section: 02.03: Types of Minerals
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
17) Rocks that are formed by the crystallization of new minerals in the solid state (i.e. without melting) due to heat and/or pressure are
- A) igneous.
- B) sedimentary.
- C) ultramafic.
- D) metamorphic.
Answer: D
Section: 02.04: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
18) Magma that is erupted at the earth’s surface is
- A) lava.
- B) coarse-grained.
- C) sedimentary.
- D) granite.
Answer: A
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
19) Which of the following is an igneous rock?
- A) salt
- B) limestone
- C) granite
- D) gneiss
Answer: C
Section: 02.04: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
20) Which of the following rock is an example of an extremely rapid rate of cooling?
- A) granite
- B) rhyolite
- C) obsidian
- D) basalt
Answer: C
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
21) Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed
- A) from the broken-up fragments of preexisting rocks.
- B) from chemicals dissolved in solution.
- C) at very high temperatures because the grains must be fused together to make rock.
- D) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: A
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
22) The process by which sediments are converted to sedimentary rocks is called
- A) diagenesis.
- B) metamorphosis.
- C) crystallization.
- D) lithification.
Answer: D
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
23) An example of a clastic sedimentary rock is
- A) limestone.
- B) gypsum.
- C) shale.
- D) coal.
Answer: C
Section: 02.04: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
24) An example of a chemical sedimentary rock is
- A) sandstone.
- B) limestone.
- C) shale.
- D) conglomerate.
Answer: B
Section: 02.04: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
25) Of the following rocks, the one that is metamorphic is
- A) rhyolite.
- B) olivine basalt.
- C) garnet schist.
- D) granodiorite.
Answer: C
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
26) The concept of the rock cycle is that
- A) rocks are moved around the world by geologic processes.
- B) rocks are continually undergoing change, being transformed into new rocks.
- C) the world changes, but rocks are permanent.
- D) rocks must be cycled deep into the crust to be made into different rocks.
Answer: B
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
27) Which of the following statements about asbestos is true?
- A) Asbestos is a mineral belonging to the carbonate group of minerals.
- B) The type of asbestos most commonly used in construction materials (chrysotile or “white asbestos”) is also the most hazardous to health.
- C) Asbestos can occur in any one of the three rocks types, igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic.
- D) Asbestos is a generic term for any mineral crystal that is a fiber (i.e. thin and flexible).
Answer: D
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
28) Isotopes are atomic nuclei that are radioactive.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 02.01: Atoms, Elements, Isotopes, Ions, and Compounds
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
29) Different isotopes of one element are chemically indistinguishable.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 02.01: Atoms, Elements, Isotopes, Ions, and Compounds
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
30) Anions are negatively charged and cations are positively charged.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 02.01: Atoms, Elements, Isotopes, Ions, and Compounds
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
31) All crystalline materials show well-developed crystal faces.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 02.02: Minerals–General
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
32) The physical properties of a mineral are often closely related to its internal atomic arrangement or crystal structure.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 02.02: Minerals–General
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
33) The term cleavage refers to a mineral’s tendency to break preferentially in certain directions of the crystal structure.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 02.02: Minerals–General
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
34) The basic “building blocks” of the silicate minerals are tetrahedra of silicon and carbon.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 02.03: Types of Minerals
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
35) Diamond and graphite have the same chemical composition.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 02.03: Types of Minerals
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
36) Quartz is the most abundant mineral in the crust.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 02.03: Types of Minerals
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
37) The sulfide mineral group includes many valuable ores.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 02.03: Types of Minerals
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
38) Plutonic rocks are typically fine grained owing to a faster rate of cooling than volcanic rocks.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
39) Differences in magma composition account for the fact that some volcanoes erupt quietly, others explosively.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
40) The particle grain size of conglomerate is greater than that of sandstone.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
41) Metamorphic rocks are formed at extremely high temperatures, above those required to form plutonic rocks.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
42) Chemical sedimentary rocks are those precipitated from a silicate melt.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
43) Clastic sedimentary rocks are classified or named on the basis of the size of the fragments that form the rock.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
44) The grain size of an igneous rock is generally related to how quickly the melt cooled: the slower the cooling, the coarser the crystals.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
45) Foliation, referring to a preferential parallel orientation of mineral crystals, is a texture that is referred for metamorphic rocks.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
46) Obsidian (volcanic glass) is an example of a clastic rock.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
47) The silicate tetrahedron is composed of
- A) 4 oxygen and 2 silicon atoms.
- B) 4 silicon and 1 oxygen atoms.
- C) 4 silicon and 2 oxygen atoms.
- D) 4 oxygen and 1 silicon atoms.
Answer: D
Section: 02.03: Types of Minerals
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
48) Which mineral subgroup is the most abundant in Earth’s crust?
- A) micas
- B) garnet
- C) ferromagnesian
- D) feldspars
Answer: D
Section: 02.03: Types of Minerals
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
49) Which is not part of the definition of a mineral?
- A) naturally occurring
- B) aggregate of elements
- C) definite chemical composition
- D) orderly internal arrangement
Answer: B
Section: 02.02: Minerals–General
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
50) Pure ice is a mineral while pure liquid water is not. Why?
- A) Liquid water does not have an orderly internal arrangement of atoms.
- B) Liquid water does not occur naturally.
- C) Liquid water does not have a definite chemical composition.
- D) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: A
Section: 02.02: Minerals–General
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
51) Rock salt and limestone are examples of
- A) metamorphic rocks.
- B) chemical sedimentary rocks.
- C) fragmental sedimentary rocks.
- D) igneous rocks.
Answer: B
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
52) Contact metamorphic rocks
- A) occur throughout hundreds of square miles.
- B) are formed next to igneous intrusions.
- C) are usually foliated.
- D) are formed along faults.
Answer: B
Section: 02.04: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
53) Examples of foliated metamorphic rocks are
- A) marble and quartzite.
- B) shale and andesite.
- C) limestone and marble.
- D) slate and schist.
Answer: D
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
54) The shape of mineral crystals depends most on
- A) chemical composition.
- B) internal atomic arrangement.
- C) bonding and hardness.
- D) chemical purity.
Answer: B
Section: 02.02: Minerals–General
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
55) The number of naturally occurring chemical elements is approximately
- A) 36.
- B) 90.
- C) 106.
- D) 200.
Answer: B
Section: 02.01: Atoms, Elements, Isotopes, Ions, and Compounds
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
56) An element’s chemical identity is determined by its
- A) number of isotopes.
- B) atomic number.
- C) number of neutrons.
- D) atomic mass number.
Answer: B
Section: 02.01: Atoms, Elements, Isotopes, Ions, and Compounds
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
57) Isotopes of the same element
- A) differ in atomic number.
- B) have different atomic mass numbers.
- C) differ in their number of electrons.
- D) differ in their chemical behavior.
Answer: B
Section: 02.01: Atoms, Elements, Isotopes, Ions, and Compounds
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
58) Which of the following physical properties is not a reliable guide to mineral identification in hand specimens?
- A) hardness
- B) cleavage
- C) color
- D) streak
Answer: C
Section: 02.02: Minerals–General
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
59) In an electrically neutral atom,
- A) electrons and protons have no charge.
- B) the electron shells are completely filled.
- C) the number of protons and the number of electrons are the same.
- D) the number of neutrons is equal to the sum of the number of protons and electrons.
Answer: C
Section: 02.01: Atoms, Elements, Isotopes, Ions, and Compounds
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
60) All of the following statements concerning minerals are correct except
- A) minerals are crystalline solids.
- B) some minerals are produced by biological processes.
- C) minerals are naturally occurring substances.
- D) minerals exist as elements or compounds.
Answer: B
Section: 02.02: Minerals–General
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
61) The two fundamental characteristics that distinguish a mineral from all other minerals are its
- A) color and hardness.
- B) hardness and cleavage.
- C) chemical composition and crystal structure.
- D) density and streak.
Answer: C
Section: 02.02: Minerals–General
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
62) All of the following are examples of clastic sedimentary rocks except
- A) conglomerate.
- B) shale.
- C) sandstone.
- D) limestone.
Answer: D
Section: 02.04: Rocks
Topic: Rocks
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Chapter: 02
Environmental Geology, 11e (Montgomery)
Chapter 4 Earthquakes
1) Slow, gradual slip along a fault is termed
- A) stress.
- B) creep.
- C) rebound.
- D) focus.
Answer: B
Section: 04.01: Earthquakes–Terms and Principles
Topic: Earthquakes
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Chapter: 04
2) The behavior when the rocks elastically snap back to their previous dimensions with the release of associated stress accompanied with sudden displacement is called
- A) plastic rebound.
- B) elastic bounce back.
- C) elastic rebound.
- D) None of the options are correct.
Answer: C
Section: 04.01: Earthquakes–Terms and Principles
Topic: Earthquakes
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Chapter: 04
3) The focus of an earthquake
- A) is the same thing as the epicenter.
- B) can be located using only one seismograph.
- C) the primary point of rupture in the earth’s crust and origin of the earthquake.
- D) None of these choices is correct.
Answer: C
Section: 04.01: Earthquakes–Terms and Principles
Topic: Earthquakes
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Chapter: 04
4) An earthquake’s epicenter is
- A) the point of first break along the fault.
- B) the line along which the fault moved.
- C) the point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus.
- D) the point on the far side of the earth, directly opposite the earthquake.
Answer: C
Section: 04.01: Earthquakes–Terms and Principles
Topic: Earthquakes
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Chapter: 04
5) In a fault when the displacement is horizontal then the type of fault is called
- A) dip-slip fault.
- B) normal fault.
- C) reverse fault.
- D) strike-slip fault.
Answer: D
Section: 04.01: Earthquakes–Terms and Principles
Topic: Geologic Structures
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Chapter: 04
6) Deep-focus earthquakes occur in subduction zones because
- A) brittle lithosphere is carried to deeper depths in subduction zones.
- B) subduction zones represent particularly homogeneous regions of the earth’s crust.
- C) the mantle is less dense under subduction zones.
- D) seismic energy propagates toward the center of the earth under subduction zones.
Answer: A
Section: 04.01: Earthquakes–Terms and Principles
Topic: Earthquakes
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Chapter: 04
7) Deep-focus earthquakes are more common
- A) in subduction zones.
- B) along transform faults, such as the San Andreas fault in California.
- C) at spreading ridges.
- D) within the interior of plates.
Answer: A
Section: 04.01: Earthquakes–Terms and Principles
Topic: Earthquakes
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Chapter: 04
8) Compressional seismic body waves are
- A) P waves.
- B) S waves.
- C) surface waves.
- D) intensity waves.
Answer: A
Section: 04.02: Seismic Waves and Earthquake Severity
Topic: Earthquakes
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Chapter: 04
9) Earthquake waves are recorded using an instrument called a
- A) seismometer.
- B) seismogram.
- C) seismograph.
- D) seismocolumn.
Answer: C
Section: 04.02: Seismic Waves and Earthquake Severity
Topic: Earthquakes
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Chapter: 04
10) S-waves
- A) are shear waves that move more slowly than P-waves.
- B) are first to arrive at seismic monitoring stations.
- C) are more destructive than surface waves.
- D) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: A
Section: 04.02: Seismic Waves and Earthquake Severity
Topic: Earthquakes
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Chapter: 04
11) The magnitude of the earthquake is dependent upon the amount of
- A) ground failure.
- B) ground displacement.
- C) ground motion.
- D) ground damage.
Answer: C
Section: 04.02: Seismic Waves and Earthquake Severity
Topic: Earthquakes
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Chapter: 04
12) Which of the following statements is not true?
- A) There is no predefined upper limit to the Richter scale.
- B) On worldwide average, the largest earthquakes, with Richter magnitudes over 8, occur only once every few years.
- C) While great earthquakes are rare, there may be hundreds of thousands of small earthquakes each year.
- D) There are many more small earthquakes than large ones and the small ones thus account for most of the seismic energy released by earthquakes each year.
Answer: D
Section: 04.02: Seismic Waves and Earthquake Severity
Topic: Earthquakes
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Chapter: 04
13) Which of the following scales are used for measuring earthquake intensity?
- A) Richter scale
- B) Mercalli scale
- C) Moment magnitude scale
- D) All the choices are correct.
Answer: B
Section: 04.02: Seismic Waves and Earthquake Severity
Topic: Earthquakes
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Chapter: 04
14) How well a concrete structure withstands an earthquake depends on
- A) the basic design of the structure.
- B) the length of the main shock.
- C) the material on which the structure is built.
- D) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: D
Section: 04.03: Earthquake-Related Hazards and Their Reduction
Topic: Earthquakes
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Chapter: 04
15) Aftershocks are
- A) large to small earthquakes that come after the main shock of a large earthquake.
- B) unlikely to cause damage.
- C) predictable from the primary earthquake’s characteristics.
- D) of short duration and occur within a period of a few hours after the major earthquake.
Answer: A
Section: 04.03: Earthquake-Related Hazards and Their Reduction
Topic: Earthquakes
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Chapter: 04
16) Liquefaction is
- A) flooding of coastal areas due to tectonic subsidence.
- B) a quicksand-like condition arising in some wet soils during earthquakes.
- C) flooding caused by tsunamis.
- D) flooding caused by dam failure resulting from an earthquake.
Answer: B
Section: 04.03: Earthquake-Related Hazards and Their Reduction
Topic: Earthquakes
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Chapter: 04
17) Tsunamis
- A) are sometimes called “tidal waves” but are actually sea waves generated by seismic events.
- B) travel very slowly and dissipate a few kilometers from their point of origin.
- C) cross the open ocean as huge breakers, sweeping ships aside.
- D) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: A
Section: 04.03: Earthquake-Related Hazards and Their Reduction
Topic: Earthquakes
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Chapter: 04
18) What resulted in most of the damage during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake?
- A) ground failure
- B) tsunami
- C) liquefaction
- D) fire
Answer: D
Section: 04.03: Earthquake-Related Hazards and Their Reduction
Topic: Earthquakes
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Chapter: 04
19) Most of the structural damage from earthquakes worldwide is caused by
- A) P waves.
- B) S waves.
- C) surface waves.
- D) seismic sea waves.
Answer: C
Section: 04.03: Earthquake-Related Hazards and Their Reduction
Topic: Earthquakes
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Chapter: 04
20) Strategies for reducing earthquake-related damage include all of the following except
- A) building strong structures across fault zones to stop fault movement.
- B) establishing a tsunami early warning system.
- C) improving underground drainage in areas with wet soil.
- D) avoiding building on steep slopes near fault zones.
Answer: A
Section: 04.03: Earthquake-Related Hazards and Their Reduction
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
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Chapter: 04
21) A locked section of fault is often identified by
- A) creep.
- B) liquefaction.
- C) tsunamis.
- D) a seismic gap.
Answer: D
Section: 04.04: Earthquake Prediction and Forecasting
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
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Chapter: 04
22) All of the following have been recognized as earthquake precursors except
- A) changes in the ground’s surface tilt.
- B) changes in frequency of seismic sea waves.
- C) changes in electrical resistivity of rocks.
- D) changes in radon content of well waters.
Answer: B
Section: 04.04: Earthquake Prediction and Forecasting
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
23) The “earthquake cycle” model is based on assumptions that the rate of stress buildup on a given fault segment is constant and that
- A) a given fault segment accumulates about the same amount of strain energy before rupture each time.
- B) the interval between successive earthquakes increases over time on each fault segment.
- C) the rate of radon accumulation is also constant, leading to periodic rupture from gas pressure.
- D) major earthquakes occur on large fault zones every 30 years.
Answer: A
Section: 04.04: Earthquake Prediction and Forecasting
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
24) The New Madrid, Missouri fault zone is a high-risk area on the U.S. seismic-risk map because
- A) it is undergoing rapid creep at this time.
- B) it is subject to frequent severe earthquakes.
- C) it is a large transform fault.
- D) it was the site of the largest earthquakes ever reported in the contiguous United States.
Answer: D
Section: 04.06: Future Earthquakes in North America?
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
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Chapter: 04
25) Seismic activity in the Pacific Northwest is associated with
- A) faults.
- B) folds.
- C) divergence.
- D) subduction.
Answer: D
Section: 04.06: Future Earthquakes in North America?
Topic: Earthquakes; Plate Tectonics; Types of Plate Boundaries
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
26) Fluid might be injected along a locked section of fault to
- A) cushion the shock of the next earthquake.
- B) cause the rocks to swell and close the fault.
- C) reduce resistance to shear along the fault, allowing creep to occur.
- D) reduce the risk of fire from an earthquake.
Answer: C
Section: 04.05: Earthquake Control?
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
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Chapter: 04
27) The United States now has an Earthquake Prediction Panel. Since its establishment,
- A) many lives have been saved by successful earthquake prediction.
- B) residents of fault zones have gradually been moved to safer areas.
- C) all citizens of earthquake-hazard areas have been made thoroughly aware of the risks they face.
- D) no great earthquakes have been predicted; its effectiveness is not well tested.
Answer: D
Section: 04.04: Earthquake Prediction and Forecasting
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
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Chapter: 04
28) Which of the following earthquakes was successfully predicted shortly before it occurred?
- A) Haicheng, China (1975)
- B) New Madrid, Missouri (1990)
- C) Parkfield, California (1993)
- D) Kobe, Japan (1995)
Answer: A
Section: 04.04: Earthquake Prediction and Forecasting
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
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Chapter: 04
29) Evidence of liquefaction includes
- A) tsunamis.
- B) sand boils.
- C) surface waves.
- D) fault scarps.
Answer: B
Section: 04.03: Earthquake-Related Hazards and Their Reduction
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
30) The San Andreas fault near San Francisco
- A) has been undergoing creep since the 1906 earthquake.
- B) is not of much concern because it is seismically quiet.
- C) is locked and therefore accumulating stress.
- D) is not very dangerous because it only slips a few meters at a time.
Answer: C
Section: 04.06: Future Earthquakes in North America?
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
31) The largest magnitude historic earthquake in the fifty United States occurred
- A) along the San Andreas fault in 1906.
- B) in Anchorage, Alaska, in 1964.
- C) near New Madrid, Missouri, in 1811-1812.
- D) near New York City in 1850.
Answer: B
Section: 04.06: Future Earthquakes in North America?
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
32) Following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, the risk of a major earthquake on the peninsular segment of the San Andreas fault
- A) is estimated to have increased; that segment remains locked.
- B) has been eliminated because all the built-up stress has been released.
- C) has been reduced as a consequence of active earthquake-prevention measures now being undertaken.
- D) is no longer a fear, because the Loma Prieta quake confirmed the reliability of earthquake-prediction techniques.
Answer: A
Section: 04.04: Earthquake Prediction and Forecasting
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
33) The seismic-risk map of the United States is based on
- A) frequency of occurrence of past earthquakes only.
- B) severity of past earthquakes and anticipated ground motion in future ones.
- C) a prediction of the likelihood of future earthquakes.
- D) observations of precursor phenomena.
Answer: B
Section: 04.06: Future Earthquakes in North America?
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
34) After an earthquake, rocks snap back elastically to their pre-stress condition.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 04.01: Earthquakes–Terms and Principles
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
35) The moment magnitude scale may be a better indicator of earthquake severity especially for large earthquakes and those occurring outside of California, where the Richter scale was developed.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 04.02: Seismic Waves and Earthquake Severity
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
36) A Benioff zone is a region of deeper earthquake foci where geometry reflects a subducting slab of lithosphere.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 04.01: Earthquakes–Terms and Principles
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
37) When one speaks of “earthquake-resistant” buildings, this means buildings that will remain fully functional after an earthquake.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 04.03: Earthquake-Related Hazards and Their Reduction
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
38) Scale modeling is a useful tool in designing earthquake-resistant buildings, but its usefulness is limited by the lack of records of actual ground motion during large earthquakes.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 04.03: Earthquake-Related Hazards and Their Reduction
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
39) Once sound building codes are developed for a given area with earthquake hazards, older structures are routinely rebuilt for greater safety.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 04.03: Earthquake-Related Hazards and Their Reduction
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
40) Aftershocks, generally, never result in any major destruction.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 04.03: Earthquake-Related Hazards and Their Reduction
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
41) A tsunami set off by an earthquake occurring on one side of the Pacific Ocean may later be detected on the other side of that ocean.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 04.03: Earthquake-Related Hazards and Their Reduction
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
42) A locked section of a fault is a very safe place to live because, by definition, it will not slip.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 04.03: Earthquake-Related Hazards and Their Reduction
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
43) The only possibly useful earthquake precursor phenomenon found so far is an increase in numbers of small earthquakes prior to a large earthquake.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 04.04: Earthquake Prediction and Forecasting
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
44) Prediction of earthquakes on the San Andreas fault is complicated by the number of other faults in the vicinity, over which displacement may be distributed.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 04.04: Earthquake Prediction and Forecasting
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
45) Fluid injection is a reliable technique that can be used to allow the release of stress that is built up in locked sections of major faults.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 04.05: Earthquake Control?
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
46) The Anatolian Fault Zone in Turkey illustrates the tendency of major faults to break in segments.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 04.04: Earthquake Prediction and Forecasting
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
47) Because there are no active plate boundaries in or near Canada, that country has no detectable earthquake activity.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 04.06: Future Earthquakes in North America?
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
48) The United States is the world leader in earthquake preparedness and public education about earthquake hazards.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 04.04: Earthquake Prediction and Forecasting
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
49) Legislation designed to address earthquake hazards is most often passed immediately after major earthquakes.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 04.04: Earthquake Prediction and Forecasting
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
50) Southern Alaska remains an area of great earthquake hazard; it is located above a subduction zone.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 04.06: Future Earthquakes in North America?
Topic: Earthquakes; Plate Tectonics; Types of Plate Boundaries
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
51) An old, failed rift under the central United States is believed to represent a zone of weakness in the lithosphere and a possible earthquake hazard zone.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 04.06: Future Earthquakes in North America?
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
52) In 1989, as in 1906, earthquake damage in San Francisco was most severe in areas underlain by fill, as in the Marina district.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 04.03: Earthquake-Related Hazards and Their Reduction
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
53) Tsunami travel times across a large body of water, such as the Pacific Ocean, are typically of the order of several days.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 04.03: Earthquake-Related Hazards and Their Reduction
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
54) Earthquakes occur most often here:
- A) at Hot Spots such as Hawaii
- B) in the interior of plates
- C) at the boundaries between plates
- D) along the Midatlantic Ridge
Answer: C
Section: 04.01: Earthquakes–Terms and Principles
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
55) Faults that lock or stick will
- A) never produce earthquakes.
- B) creep slowly and produce only small earthquakes.
- C) accumulate strain until a large earthquake occurs.
- D) deform in a plastic fashion.
Answer: C
Section: 04.04: Earthquake Prediction and Forecasting
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
56) An earthquake of magnitude 6 releases this much more energy than one of magnitude 5:
- A) 10 times
- B) 100 times
- C) 20 times
- D) 30 times
Answer: A
Section: 04.02: Seismic Waves and Earthquake Severity
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
57) A fault
- A) is a seismic gap.
- B) is a fracture along which offset has occurred.
- C) is a fracture along which offset has not occurred.
- D) is a special type of fold.
Answer: B
Section: 04.01: Earthquakes–Terms and Principles
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
58) Ground shaking in areas with very wet ground can cause
- A) P waves.
- B) tsunami.
- C) liquefaction.
- D) aftershocks.
Answer: C
Section: 04.03: Earthquake-Related Hazards and Their Reduction
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
59) Earthquakes originate in the
- A) lithosphere.
- B) asthenosphere.
- C) mantle.
- D) outer core.
Answer: A
Section: 04.01: Earthquakes–Terms and Principles
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
60) Which of the following is not explained by the elastic rebound theory?
- A) the generation of earthquakes along fault zones
- B) the likely recurrence of earthquakes along the same fault zone
- C) the concept of seismic gap
- D) the common occurrence of fires in earthquake-affected communities
Answer: D
Section: 04.01: Earthquakes–Terms and Principles
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
61) Tsunamis
- A) are generated by tidal action.
- B) appear as high breakers in the open ocean.
- C) pose little threat to coastal areas.
- D) can travel at speeds of hundreds of miles per hour.
Answer: D
Section: 04.03: Earthquake-Related Hazards and Their Reduction
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
62) Seismic gaps represent
- A) periods of reduced or no seismic activity in the geologic record.
- B) “locked” sections along otherwise active faults.
- C) areas where there is little or no risk of earthquake activity.
- D) areas along an active fault where surface indications of the fault are absent.
Answer: B
Section: 04.04: Earthquake Prediction and Forecasting
Topic: Earthquakes
Bloom’s: Level 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 04
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