Environmental Geology 3rd Edition By Jim Reichard – Test Bank

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Environmental Geology 3rd Edition By Jim Reichard – Test Bank

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Chapter 02 Test Bank: Earth from a Larger Perspective

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following best describes Uranus?

 

1. asteroid

 

1. gas giant planet

 

1. terrestrial planet

 

1. coronal body

 

1. supernova

 

2. In addition to Earth, which other planet has relatively few impact craters due to weathering and erosion processes on the surface?

 

1. Mars

 

1. Mercury

 

1. Earth is the only planet where weathering and erosion have occurred, erasing evidence of impacts.

 

1. Venus

 

3. Which of the following best describes what happened to the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago?

 

1. A massive volcanic eruption resulted in global cooling, which killed the dinosaurs.

 

1. A large asteroid impact resulted in global climatic change and the death of the dinosaurs.

 

1. A large solar flare quickly raised Earth’s temperature to the point where dinosaurs couldn’t survive.

 

1. More intelligent mammals began to evolve and competed for limited food resources, ultimately causing dinosaurs to go extinct

 

1. The extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago remains a great mystery to scientists.

 

4. What is the primary nuclear reaction that takes place within the sun?

 

1. Nucleation

 

1. Radiation

 

1. Solar wind

 

1. Fusion

 

1. Fission

 

5. Which statement best describes the four outer planets in our solar system?

 

1. They orbit the Sun much more quickly than the inner planets.

 

1. They are all the same in size, type of atmosphere, and density.

 

1. They all have plate tectonics similar to the Earth.

 

1. They are large and made of rock.

 

1. They are large and made of gas.

 

6. The four inner planets are collectively referred to as what?

 

1. Venetian Planets

 

1. Jovian Planets

 

1. Habitable Planets

 

1. Terrestrial Planets

 

1. Mercurian Planets

 

7. What is the name of the hypothesis proposed for the formation of the solar system?

 

1. Nebular hypothesis

 

1. Electromagnetic hypothesis

 

1. Heliocentric hypothesis

 

1. Andromeda hypothesis

 

1. Coronal hypothesis

 

8. Venus is the only planet in the solar system that rotates clockwise, or opposite the other planets. Which of the following is the most accepted scientific explanation for this?

 

1. Early in the history of the solar system, Earth and Venus were so close to each other that their gravitational attraction caused them to spin in opposing directions.

 

1. Early in the history of the solar system there was a large impact that reversed the direction of Venus’ spin.

 

1. Venus did not form with the rest of the planets, but was a stray asteroid that was captured by the Sun’s gravitational field.

 

1. Venus lacks a moon, which causes it to behave differently from the other planets.

 

1. Venus is denser than the other planets, which causes it to rotate in an opposing direction.

 

9. Which of the following is most true regarding the Big Bang Theory?

 

1. It resulted from the ignition of an enormous concentration of hydrogen gas.

 

1. The theory applies only to the Milky Way Galaxy.

 

1. The theory has been disproved in recent years.

 

1. All of the matter in the universe was created in an instant.

 

1. The universe began expanding from a single point about 14 billion years ago.

 

10. Which of the following refers to the massive and sudden loss of plants and animals relative to the number of new species being added?

 

1. Mass extinction

 

1. Catastrophism

 

1. Fossil depletion

 

1. Great death

 

1. All of the answers listed here

 

11. In 1994, scientists witnessed a major impact on a planet, which was a sober reminder that Earth-crossing comets and asteroids pose a serious threat to life on Earth. On which of the following planets did this impact occur?

 

1. Saturn

 

1. Neptune

 

1. Mars

 

1. Pluto

 

1. Jupiter

 

12. Which term is used to describe the relatively small area around a star where surface temperatures would allow liquid water to exist?

 

1. Hydrosphere

 

1. Potential Biotic Area

 

1. Biosphere

 

1. Terrestrial Region

 

1. Habitable Zone

 

13. Which of the following statements best describes the first life-forms on Earth, which existed about 3.6 billion years ago?

 

1. The first microbial life forms were restricted to what is now the Middle East.

 

1. Microbial life began at the same time the Earth turned into a solid.

 

1. Microbial life began at a time when the planet’s atmosphere and climate were very different from today.

 

1. Microbial life evolved rapidly into more complex life forms in only a few hundred million years.

 

1. Evidence for the first microbial life forms is found in igneous rocks.

 

14. Which of the following statements regarding the Moon is true?

 

1. It had an atmosphere at one time that shielded it from asteroid impacts.

 

1. It has reduced the wobble in Earth’s axis, thereby helping to stabilize Earth’s climate.

 

1. All of the answers listed here.

 

1. It has a large magnetic field which that shields the Earth from solar radiation.

 

1. Its surface is covered mostly with sedimentary rocks.

 

15. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding Earth’s ozone layer?

 

1. It has been damaged by the use of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons).

 

1. It is responsible for the greenhouse effect.

 

1. It naturally absorbs much of the incoming ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

 

1. The hole in the ozone layer is slowing repairing itself.

 

1. It is a thin layer of oxygen molecules (O₃), called ozone, found in the Earth’s upper atmosphere.

 

16. Evidence for the nebular hypothesis includes which of the following?

 

1. Radiometric dating has shown that the Earth, Moon, and asteroids all solidified at approximately the same time.

 

1. Visual evidence from Hubble shows that accretion and planetary development is occurring in other parts of the universe.

 

1. The heavily cratered surfaces we see on some planets and moons, which indicates a period of intense bombardment associated with accretion.

 

1. All of the answers listed here.

 

1. Visual evidence from Hubble shows that new stars are forming in other parts of the universe.

 

17. Which of the following assumptions are inherent in the concept of habitable zones?

 

1. All life-forms require liquid water.

 

1. The size and energy output of stars with habitable zones will remain constant.

 

1. A planet’s gravity must be similar to that of the Earth’s.

 

1. Life is present everywhere in the universe.

 

1. Water is present, in some form, on all planets.

 

 

True / False Questions

18. It is now feasible for scientists and engineers to change the trajectory of an Earth-crossing asteroid such that it will not impact our planet.

 

True / False

 

19. Nuclear reactions within the sun release electromagnetic radiation.

 

True / False

 

20. Comets are composed primarily of rocky and metallic materials.

 

True / False

 

Multiple Choice Questions

21. Important astronomical forces affecting Earth include all of the following except

 

1. the Sun radiates energy which warms our planet and drives global climate.

 

1. volcanoes produce the Earth’s oceans.

 

1. the Moon’s gravitational field produces tide currents which carry nutrients.

 

1. the Earth is occasionally impacted by comets and meteorites.

 

22. What are the main chemical components of the Sun?

 

1. Hydrogen and oxygen

 

1. Hydrogen and helium

 

1. Helium and oxygen

 

1. None of these choices are correct

 

23. What is the source of energy inside the Sun?

 

1. Nuclear fission

 

1. Nuclear fusion

 

1. Radioactive decay

 

1. None of these choices are correct

 

24. All of the following are terrestrial planets except

 

1. Mars.

 

1. Mercury.

 

1. Earth.

 

1. Jupiter.

 

25. What is the source of a comet’s tail?

 

1. Melting ice

 

1. Small volcanic eruptions

 

1. Rock smoking as it melts

 

1. Large concentrations of radioactive elements

 

26. Where is the main asteroid belt located?

 

1. Between the Earth and the Moon

 

1. Between Mars and Jupiter

 

1. Between Earth and Mars

 

1. Between Earth and Venus

 

27. How large is a meteorite?

 

1. Smaller than a planet or asteroid

 

1. Larger than a planet or asteroid

 

1. Smaller than a planet but larger than an asteroid

 

1. Usually microscopic

 

28. Based on radiometric dating, how old is the solar system?

 

1. 45,000 47,000 years

 

4. 4.5 4.7 million years

 

4. 4.5 4.7 billion years

 

4. 4.5 4.7 trillion years

 

29. What is a nebula?

 

1. A very large solar flare

 

1. Material ejected from a meteor crater

 

1. A type of ancient volcanic eruption

 

1. A rotating cloud of cosmic dust and gas

 

30. What are planetesimals?

 

1. Very small planets

 

1. Very large planets

 

1. Proto-planets formed by accretion

 

1. Asteroids too small to be planets

 

31. When was the Moon formed?

 

1. A long time before the Earth

 

1. A short time before the Earth

 

1. Only a few thousand years ago

 

1. During the heavy bombardment period

 

32. What is the direct evidence for intense bombardment associated with accretion?

 

1. The large number of volcanoes on the Earth

 

1. The large number of meteor craters preserved on the Moon and Venus

 

1. The large number of earthquakes occurring on the Earth

 

1. The absence of Moonquakes

 

33. What is a galaxy?

 

1. A very long distance measured by the speed of light

 

1. An area of a planet with a large concentration of meteor craters

 

1. A long chain of active volcanoes

 

1. A large grouping or cluster of stars

 

34. What does the Big Bang Theory explain?

 

1. The origin of the Milky Way Galaxy

 

1. The origin of the universe

 

1. The origin of the Moon

 

1. The source of red color on Mars

 

35. What is the significance of extremophile bacteria?

 

1. They may account for the origin of the ozone layer.

 

1. They may represent the earliest form of life on Earth.

 

1. They may account for the presence of oxygen on Earth.

 

1. They may account for the presence of water on Earth.

 

36. What is meant by the habitable zone in other solar systems?

 

1. A narrow zone around a star where liquid water can exist

 

1. A zone with abundant plant growth

 

1. A zone where oxygen is present

 

1. A zone defined by abundant sunlight

 

37. The idea that complex animal life similar to that on Earth is exceedingly rare in our universe is known as the

 

1. theory of the ice age.

 

1. continental drift hypothesis.

 

1. theory of evolution.

 

1. rare Earth hypothesis.

 

38. Extraterrestrial hazards include all of the following except

 

1. ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation.

 

1. build up of ozone in the atmosphere.

 

1. gamma-ray burst.

 

1. asteroid impact.

 

39. What shows up in the geologic record coincident with the end of the heavy bombardment period 3.6 billion years ago?

 

1. The first dinosaurs

 

1. The first plant life on land

 

1. The first volcanoes

 

1. The first appearance of microbial life

 

40. Where is the impact crater that possibly formed the iridium layer located?

 

1. Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico

 

1. Meteor Crater, Arizona

 

1. In the Mediterranean Sea

 

1. Beneath the Arctic ice cap

 

 

 

Chapter 02 Test Bank: Earth from a Larger Perspective Key

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following best describes Uranus?

 

1. asteroid

 

1. gas giant planet

 

1. terrestrial planet

 

1. coronal body

 

1. supernova

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.02 Describe our solar system and the size of the Earth relative to the size of the solar system as well as to the size of our galaxy and the universe.
Section: 02.01 Our Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

2. In addition to Earth, which other planet has relatively few impact craters due to weathering and erosion processes on the surface?

 

1. Mars

 

1. Mercury

 

1. Earth is the only planet where weathering and erosion have occurred, erasing evidence of impacts.

 

1. Venus

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.02 Describe our solar system and the size of the Earth relative to the size of the solar system as well as to the size of our galaxy and the universe.
Section: 02.02 Origin of the Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

3. Which of the following best describes what happened to the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago?

 

1. A massive volcanic eruption resulted in global cooling, which killed the dinosaurs.

 

1. A large asteroid impact resulted in global climatic change and the death of the dinosaurs.

 

1. A large solar flare quickly raised Earth’s temperature to the point where dinosaurs couldn’t survive.

 

1. More intelligent mammals began to evolve and competed for limited food resources, ultimately causing dinosaurs to go extinct

 

1. The extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago remains a great mystery to scientists.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.05 Explain what mass extinctions are and be able to name some of their possible triggering mechanisms.
Learning Outcome: 02.06 Understand how scientists came to appreciate the serious nature of comet and asteroid impacts and the steps being taken to reduce the risk.
Section: 02.05 Solar System Hazards
Topic: Investigating Geologic Questions

 

4. What is the primary nuclear reaction that takes place within the sun?

 

1. Nucleation

 

1. Radiation

 

1. Solar wind

 

1. Fusion

 

1. Fission

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.02 Describe our solar system and the size of the Earth relative to the size of the solar system as well as to the size of our galaxy and the universe.
Section: 02.01 Our Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

5. Which statement best describes the four outer planets in our solar system?

 

1. They orbit the Sun much more quickly than the inner planets.

 

1. They are all the same in size, type of atmosphere, and density.

 

1. They all have plate tectonics similar to the Earth.

 

1. They are large and made of rock.

 

1. They are large and made of gas.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.02 Describe our solar system and the size of the Earth relative to the size of the solar system as well as to the size of our galaxy and the universe.
Section: 02.01 Our Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

6. The four inner planets are collectively referred to as what?

 

1. Venetian Planets

 

1. Jovian Planets

 

1. Habitable Planets

 

1. Terrestrial Planets

 

1. Mercurian Planets

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.02 Describe our solar system and the size of the Earth relative to the size of the solar system as well as to the size of our galaxy and the universe.
Section: 02.01 Our Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

7. What is the name of the hypothesis proposed for the formation of the solar system?

 

1. Nebular hypothesis

 

1. Electromagnetic hypothesis

 

1. Heliocentric hypothesis

 

1. Andromeda hypothesis

 

1. Coronal hypothesis

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.01 Understand how the nebular hypothesis explains the formation of the solar system and how it accounts for the orbital characteristics of the planets and moons.
Section: 02.02 Origin of the Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

8. Venus is the only planet in the solar system that rotates clockwise, or opposite the other planets. Which of the following is the most accepted scientific explanation for this?

 

1. Early in the history of the solar system, Earth and Venus were so close to each other that their gravitational attraction caused them to spin in opposing directions.

 

1. Early in the history of the solar system there was a large impact that reversed the direction of Venus’ spin.

 

1. Venus did not form with the rest of the planets, but was a stray asteroid that was captured by the Sun’s gravitational field.

 

1. Venus lacks a moon, which causes it to behave differently from the other planets.

 

1. Venus is denser than the other planets, which causes it to rotate in an opposing direction.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.01 Understand how the nebular hypothesis explains the formation of the solar system and how it accounts for the orbital characteristics of the planets and moons.
Section: 02.02 Origin of the Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

9. Which of the following is most true regarding the Big Bang Theory?

 

1. It resulted from the ignition of an enormous concentration of hydrogen gas.

 

1. The theory applies only to the Milky Way Galaxy.

 

1. The theory has been disproved in recent years.

 

1. All of the matter in the universe was created in an instant.

 

1. The universe began expanding from a single point about 14 billion years ago.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.02 Describe our solar system and the size of the Earth relative to the size of the solar system as well as to the size of our galaxy and the universe.
Section: 02.03 Other Stars in the Universe
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

10. Which of the following refers to the massive and sudden loss of plants and animals relative to the number of new species being added?

 

1. Mass extinction

 

1. Catastrophism

 

1. Fossil depletion

 

1. Great death

 

1. All of the answers listed here

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.05 Explain what mass extinctions are and be able to name some of their possible triggering mechanisms.
Learning Outcome: 02.06 Understand how scientists came to appreciate the serious nature of comet and asteroid impacts and the steps being taken to reduce the risk.
Section: 02.05 Solar System Hazards
Topic: Nature of Geology

 

11. In 1994, scientists witnessed a major impact on a planet, which was a sober reminder that Earth-crossing comets and asteroids pose a serious threat to life on Earth. On which of the following planets did this impact occur?

 

1. Saturn

 

1. Neptune

 

1. Mars

 

1. Pluto

 

1. Jupiter

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.06 Understand how scientists came to appreciate the serious nature of comet and asteroid impacts and the steps being taken to reduce the risk.
Section: 02.05 Solar System Hazards
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

12. Which term is used to describe the relatively small area around a star where surface temperatures would allow liquid water to exist?

 

1. Hydrosphere

 

1. Potential Biotic Area

 

1. Biosphere

 

1. Terrestrial Region

 

1. Habitable Zone

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.03 Explain how extremophile bacteria are related to the origin of life on Earth and how they relate to the extraterrestrial search for life.
Learning Outcome: 02.04 Understand the concept of habitable zones and why complex animal life that may exist elsewhere will likely be restricted to such zones.
Section: 02.04 Does Life Exist Beyond Earth
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

13. Which of the following statements best describes the first life-forms on Earth, which existed about 3.6 billion years ago?

 

1. The first microbial life forms were restricted to what is now the Middle East.

 

1. Microbial life began at the same time the Earth turned into a solid.

 

1. Microbial life began at a time when the planet’s atmosphere and climate were very different from today.

 

1. Microbial life evolved rapidly into more complex life forms in only a few hundred million years.

 

1. Evidence for the first microbial life forms is found in igneous rocks.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.03 Explain how extremophile bacteria are related to the origin of life on Earth and how they relate to the extraterrestrial search for life.
Learning Outcome: 02.04 Understand the concept of habitable zones and why complex animal life that may exist elsewhere will likely be restricted to such zones.
Section: 02.04 Does Life Exist Beyond Earth
Topic: Geologic Time

 

14. Which of the following statements regarding the Moon is true?

 

1. It had an atmosphere at one time that shielded it from asteroid impacts.

 

1. It has reduced the wobble in Earth’s axis, thereby helping to stabilize Earth’s climate.

 

1. All of the answers listed here.

 

1. It has a large magnetic field which that shields the Earth from solar radiation.

 

1. Its surface is covered mostly with sedimentary rocks.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.03 Explain how extremophile bacteria are related to the origin of life on Earth and how they relate to the extraterrestrial search for life.
Learning Outcome: 02.04 Understand the concept of habitable zones and why complex animal life that may exist elsewhere will likely be restricted to such zones.
Section: 02.01 Our Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

15. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding Earth’s ozone layer?

 

1. It has been damaged by the use of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons).

 

1. It is responsible for the greenhouse effect.

 

1. It naturally absorbs much of the incoming ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

 

1. The hole in the ozone layer is slowing repairing itself.

 

1. It is a thin layer of oxygen molecules (O₃), called ozone, found in the Earth’s upper atmosphere.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.05 Explain what mass extinctions are and be able to name some of their possible triggering mechanisms.
Section: 02.05 Solar System Hazards
Topic: Nature of Geology

 

16. Evidence for the nebular hypothesis includes which of the following?

 

1. Radiometric dating has shown that the Earth, Moon, and asteroids all solidified at approximately the same time.

 

1. Visual evidence from Hubble shows that accretion and planetary development is occurring in other parts of the universe.

 

1. The heavily cratered surfaces we see on some planets and moons, which indicates a period of intense bombardment associated with accretion.

 

1. All of the answers listed here.

 

1. Visual evidence from Hubble shows that new stars are forming in other parts of the universe.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.01 Understand how the nebular hypothesis explains the formation of the solar system and how it accounts for the orbital characteristics of the planets and moons.
Section: 02.02 Origin of the Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

17. Which of the following assumptions are inherent in the concept of habitable zones?

 

1. All life-forms require liquid water.

 

1. The size and energy output of stars with habitable zones will remain constant.

 

1. A planet’s gravity must be similar to that of the Earth’s.

 

1. Life is present everywhere in the universe.

 

1. Water is present, in some form, on all planets.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.03 Explain how extremophile bacteria are related to the origin of life on Earth and how they relate to the extraterrestrial search for life.
Learning Outcome: 02.04 Understand the concept of habitable zones and why complex animal life that may exist elsewhere will likely be restricted to such zones.
Section: 02.04 Does Life Exist Beyond Earth
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

True / False Questions

18. It is now feasible for scientists and engineers to change the trajectory of an Earth-crossing asteroid such that it will not impact our planet.

 

TRUE

 

Both NASA and other international space agencies have been studying asteroids and comets to learn more about their composition in order to develop effective ways of altering their trajectory, thereby avoiding an impact with the Earth.  In addition to a concerted effort to identify those objects whose may be on a collision course with the Earth, spacecraft have been sent to various asteroids to test our ability to intercept and deflect one should the need arise.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.05 Explain what mass extinctions are and be able to name some of their possible triggering mechanisms.
Learning Outcome: 02.06 Understand how scientists came to appreciate the serious nature of comet and asteroid impacts and the steps being taken to reduce the risk.
Section: 02.05 Solar System Hazards
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

19. Nuclear reactions within the sun release electromagnetic radiation.

 

TRUE

 

In addition to heat, nuclear reactions within the Sun release electromagnetic radiation, which is a type of energy that travels in the form of waves.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.02 Describe our solar system and the size of the Earth relative to the size of the solar system as well as to the size of our galaxy and the universe.
Section: 02.01 Our Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

20. Comets are composed primarily of rocky and metallic materials.

 

FALSE

 

Comets are composed of small rocky fragments embedded in a mass of ice and frozen gases. Asteroids are composed primarily of rocky and metallic materials.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.02 Describe our solar system and the size of the Earth relative to the size of the solar system as well as to the size of our galaxy and the universe.
Section: 02.01 Our Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

21. Important astronomical forces affecting Earth include all of the following except

 

1. the Sun radiates energy which warms our planet and drives global climate.

 

1. volcanoes produce the Earth’s oceans.

 

1. the Moon’s gravitational field produces tide currents which carry nutrients.

 

1. the Earth is occasionally impacted by comets and meteorites.

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.02 Describe our solar system and the size of the Earth relative to the size of the solar system as well as to the size of our galaxy and the universe.
Section: 02.00 Introduction
Topic: Climate change
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

22. What are the main chemical components of the Sun?

 

1. Hydrogen and oxygen

 

1. Hydrogen and helium

 

1. Helium and oxygen

 

1. None of these choices are correct

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.02 Describe our solar system and the size of the Earth relative to the size of the solar system as well as to the size of our galaxy and the universe.
Section: 02.01 Our Solar System
Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

23. What is the source of energy inside the Sun?

 

1. Nuclear fission

 

1. Nuclear fusion

 

1. Radioactive decay

 

1. None of these choices are correct

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.02 Describe our solar system and the size of the Earth relative to the size of the solar system as well as to the size of our galaxy and the universe.
Section: 02.01 Our Solar System
Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

24. All of the following are terrestrial planets except

 

1. Mars.

 

1. Mercury.

 

1. Earth.

 

1. Jupiter.

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.02 Describe our solar system and the size of the Earth relative to the size of the solar system as well as to the size of our galaxy and the universe.
Section: 02.01 Our Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

25. What is the source of a comet’s tail?

 

1. Melting ice

 

1. Small volcanic eruptions

 

1. Rock smoking as it melts

 

1. Large concentrations of radioactive elements

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.02 Describe our solar system and the size of the Earth relative to the size of the solar system as well as to the size of our galaxy and the universe.
Section: 02.01 Our Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

26. Where is the main asteroid belt located?

 

1. Between the Earth and the Moon

 

1. Between Mars and Jupiter

 

1. Between Earth and Mars

 

1. Between Earth and Venus

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.02 Describe our solar system and the size of the Earth relative to the size of the solar system as well as to the size of our galaxy and the universe.
Section: 02.01 Our Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

27. How large is a meteorite?

 

1. Smaller than a planet or asteroid

 

1. Larger than a planet or asteroid

 

1. Smaller than a planet but larger than an asteroid

 

1. Usually microscopic

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.02 Describe our solar system and the size of the Earth relative to the size of the solar system as well as to the size of our galaxy and the universe.
Section: 02.01 Our Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

28. Based on radiometric dating, how old is the solar system?

 

1. 45,000 47,000 years

 

4. 4.5 4.7 million years

 

4. 4.5 4.7 billion years

 

4. 4.5 4.7 trillion years

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.01 Understand how the nebular hypothesis explains the formation of the solar system and how it accounts for the orbital characteristics of the planets and moons.
Section: 02.02 Origin of the Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

29. What is a nebula?

 

1. A very large solar flare

 

1. Material ejected from a meteor crater

 

1. A type of ancient volcanic eruption

 

1. A rotating cloud of cosmic dust and gas

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.01 Understand how the nebular hypothesis explains the formation of the solar system and how it accounts for the orbital characteristics of the planets and moons.
Section: 02.02 Origin of the Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

30. What are planetesimals?

 

1. Very small planets

 

1. Very large planets

 

1. Proto-planets formed by accretion

 

1. Asteroids too small to be planets

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.01 Understand how the nebular hypothesis explains the formation of the solar system and how it accounts for the orbital characteristics of the planets and moons.
Section: 02.02 Origin of the Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

31. When was the Moon formed?

 

1. A long time before the Earth

 

1. A short time before the Earth

 

1. Only a few thousand years ago

 

1. During the heavy bombardment period

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.01 Understand how the nebular hypothesis explains the formation of the solar system and how it accounts for the orbital characteristics of the planets and moons.
Section: 02.02 Origin of the Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

32. What is the direct evidence for intense bombardment associated with accretion?

 

1. The large number of volcanoes on the Earth

 

1. The large number of meteor craters preserved on the Moon and Venus

 

1. The large number of earthquakes occurring on the Earth

 

1. The absence of Moonquakes

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.01 Understand how the nebular hypothesis explains the formation of the solar system and how it accounts for the orbital characteristics of the planets and moons.
Section: 02.02 Origin of the Solar System
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

33. What is a galaxy?

 

1. A very long distance measured by the speed of light

 

1. An area of a planet with a large concentration of meteor craters

 

1. A long chain of active volcanoes

 

1. A large grouping or cluster of stars

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.02 Describe our solar system and the size of the Earth relative to the size of the solar system as well as to the size of our galaxy and the universe.
Section: 02.03 Other Stars in the Universe
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

34. What does the Big Bang Theory explain?

 

1. The origin of the Milky Way Galaxy

 

1. The origin of the universe

 

1. The origin of the Moon

 

1. The source of red color on Mars

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.02 Describe our solar system and the size of the Earth relative to the size of the solar system as well as to the size of our galaxy and the universe.
Section: 02.03 Other Stars in the Universe
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

35. What is the significance of extremophile bacteria?

 

1. They may account for the origin of the ozone layer.

 

1. They may represent the earliest form of life on Earth.

 

1. They may account for the presence of oxygen on Earth.

 

1. They may account for the presence of water on Earth.

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.03 Explain how extremophile bacteria are related to the origin of life on Earth and how they relate to the extraterrestrial search for life.
Section: 02.04 Does Life Exist Beyond Earth
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

36. What is meant by the habitable zone in other solar systems?

 

1. A narrow zone around a star where liquid water can exist

 

1. A zone with abundant plant growth

 

1. A zone where oxygen is present

 

1. A zone defined by abundant sunlight

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.04 Understand the concept of habitable zones and why complex animal life that may exist elsewhere will likely be restricted to such zones.
Section: 02.04 Does Life Exist Beyond Earth
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

 

37. The idea that complex animal life similar to that on Earth is exceedingly rare in our universe is known as the

 

1. theory of the ice age.

 

1. continental drift hypothesis.

 

1. theory of evolution.

 

1. rare Earth hypothesis.

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.04 Understand the concept of habitable zones and why complex animal life that may exist elsewhere will likely be restricted to such zones.
Section: 02.04 Does Life Exist Beyond Earth
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

38. Extraterrestrial hazards include all of the following except

 

1. ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation.

 

1. build up of ozone in the atmosphere.

 

1. gamma-ray burst.

 

1. asteroid impact.

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.05 Explain what mass extinctions are and be able to name some of their possible triggering mechanisms.
Section: 02.05 Solar System Hazards
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

39. What shows up in the geologic record coincident with the end of the heavy bombardment period 3.6 billion years ago?

 

1. The first dinosaurs

 

1. The first plant life on land

 

1. The first volcanoes

 

1. The first appearance of microbial life

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.03 Explain how extremophile bacteria are related to the origin of life on Earth and how they relate to the extraterrestrial search for life.
Section: 02.05 Solar System Hazards
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

40. Where is the impact crater that possibly formed the iridium layer located?

 

1. Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico

 

1. Meteor Crater, Arizona

 

1. In the Mediterranean Sea

 

1. Beneath the Arctic ice cap

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 02.06 Understand how scientists came to appreciate the serious nature of comet and asteroid impacts and the steps being taken to reduce the risk.
Section: 02.05 Solar System Hazards
Topic: Geology of the Solar System

 

 

Chapter 02 Test Bank: Earth from a Larger Perspective Summary

 

Category	# of Questions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation	20
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember	30
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand	7
Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate	3
Gradable: automatic	40
Learning Outcome: 02.01 Understand how the nebular hypothesis explains the formation of the solar system and how it accounts for the orbital characteristics of the planets and moons.	8
Learning Outcome: 02.02 Describe our solar system and the size of the Earth relative to the size of the solar system as well as to the size of our galaxy and the universe.	17
Learning Outcome: 02.03 Explain how extremophile bacteria are related to the origin of life on Earth and how they relate to the extraterrestrial search for life.	6
Learning Outcome: 02.04 Understand the concept of habitable zones and why complex animal life that may exist elsewhere will likely be restricted to such zones.	6
Learning Outcome: 02.05 Explain what mass extinctions are and be able to name some of their possible triggering mechanisms.	5
Learning Outcome: 02.06 Understand how scientists came to appreciate the serious nature of comet and asteroid impacts and the steps being taken to reduce the risk.	5
Section: 02.00 Introduction	1
Section: 02.01 Our Solar System	13
Section: 02.02 Origin of the Solar System	9
Section: 02.03 Other Stars in the Universe	3
Section: 02.04 Does Life Exist Beyond Earth	6
Section: 02.05 Solar System Hazards	8
Topic: Climate change	1
Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation	2
Topic: Geologic Time	1
Topic: Geology of the Solar System	36
Topic: Investigating Geologic Questions	1
Topic: Nature of Geology	2

Chapter 04 Test Bank: Earth’s Structure and Plate Tectonics

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is the type of force that causes rocks to be extended, or pulled apart?

 

1. shear

 

1. gravity

 

1. compression

 

1. tension

 

1. transverse

 

2. What best describes how the behavior of rocks changes when they become deeply buried and placed under high levels of heat and pressure?

 

1. They begin to transform into metallic minerals.

 

1. They become ductile and deform plastically.

 

1. They become more resistant to deformation.

 

1. They become brittle and deform by fracturing.

 

1. They become harder and develop gravity fractures.

 

3. Which of the following provide scientists with evidence that Earth’s interior has distinct layers?

 

1. The effect of the Moon on Earth’s tidal forces and solid rock.

 

1. Behavior of seismic waves traveling through Earth’s interior.

 

1. Drilling of deep oil and gas wells.

 

1. Differences in gravity within Earth’s interior.

 

1. Mapping of the deep ocean floor.

 

4. Which of the following best describes Earth’s outer core?

 

1. metallic solid

 

1. low-density rock

 

1. pure carbon

 

1. metallic liquid

 

1. high-density rock

 

5. Which of the following best describes Earth’s mantle?

 

1. high-density rock

 

1. low-density rock

 

1. metallic liquid

 

1. metallic solid

 

1. pure carbon

 

6. Which of the following best describes the source of Earth’s internal heat?

 

1. Internal friction and radioactive decay in Earth’s interior.

 

1. Internal friction and the sun.

 

1. Internal friction & and heat generated by tidal forces.

 

1. The sun and radioactive decay in Earth’s interior.

 

1. The sun and residual heat from the planet’s formation.

 

7. During which of the following processes is oceanic crust recycled?

 

1. ocean tides

 

1. mid-ocean rifting

 

1. subduction

 

1. sea floor spreading

 

1. convection

 

8. Which of the following processes drives the movement of tectonic plates?

 

1. gravitational pull of the Moon

 

1. ocean tides

 

1. all of the answers listed here

 

1. convection cells in the mantle

 

1. solar radiation

 

9. What best describes why the upper part of the mantle, called the asthenosphere, is important in plate tectonics?

 

1. It is the source of carbon that gets transformed into oil and gas within the plates.

 

1. It is the source of metallic minerals that form valuable ore deposits within the plates.

 

1. It is the place where plates originate.

 

1. It is hot and plastic like, which allows the overlying plates to slide or move.

 

1. It is cold and dense, which keeps the oceans in the overlying plates relatively cool.

 

10. Which of the following lines of evidence was used by Alfred Wegener to support his theory of continental drift?

 

1. Fit of the continents.

 

1. Similar plant & animal fossils on different continents.

 

1. Glacial deposits on continents in the southern hemisphere.

 

1. Similar rock sequences on different continents.

 

1. All of the answers listed here.

 

11. Which of the following types of studies was the most critical in proving that sea-floor spreading actually occurs?

 

1. Paleomagnetic studies of oceanic crust.

 

1. Studying volcanic eruptions around the Ring of Fire.

 

1. Drilling oil and gas wells on the continental shelves.

 

1. Mapping of the ocean floor during World War I.

 

1. Mapping of glacial ice in Greenland & Antarctica.

 

12. The Himalaya Mountains are an example of which of the following types of plate boundaries?

 

1. oceanic-oceanic divergence

 

1. oceanic-oceanic convergence

 

1. continental-continental convergence

 

1. continental-oceanic divergence

 

1. continental-oceanic convergence

 

13. The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of which of the following types of plate boundaries?

 

1. subduction zone

 

1. divergent

 

1. transverse

 

1. convergent

 

1. transform

 

14. At what type of plate boundary would you expect to find new oceanic crust being created?

 

1. subduction Zone

 

1. transform

 

1. transverse

 

1. convergent

 

1. divergent

 

15. At what type of plate boundary would you expect to see compressional forces dominate?

 

1. transvergent

 

1. transform

 

1. transverse

 

1. divergent

 

1. convergent

 

16. At what type of plate boundary would you expect to find a volcanic island arc?

 

1. continental-continental convergence

 

1. oceanic-oceanic divergence

 

1. continental-oceanic divergence

 

1. oceanic-oceanic convergence

 

1. continental-continental divergence

 

 

True / False Questions

17. When rocks are stressed beyond their elastic limit the deformation becomes permanent.

 

True / False

 

18. Earth’s oceanic crust is considerably thicker than continental crust.

 

True / False

 

19. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are randomly distributed on the Earth.

 

True / False

 

20. The geographic location of the magnetic North Pole has varied over geologic time.

 

True / False

 

Multiple Choice Questions

21. What is the name for the change in shape that results from rock deformation?

 

1. Stress

 

1. Strain

 

1. Disruption

 

1. Extrusion

 

22. What happens during ductile deformation?

 

1. No change in shape at all

 

1. Rocks return to their original shape

 

1. Brittle rocks permanently fracture

 

1. The rocks begin to flow

 

23. Which two materials comprise the Earth’s core?

 

1. Calcium and magnesium

 

1. Iron and magnesium

 

1. Iron and nickel

 

1. Lead and zinc

 

24. What prevents rocks in the mantle from melting?

 

1. High iron content

 

1. High sulfur content

 

1. Pressure

 

1. Temperature

 

25. What is the source of magma that rises to the surface to form igneous rocks?

 

1. Upper crust

 

1. Lower crust

 

1. Lithosphere

 

1. Asthenosphere

 

26. What does circulation of metallic elements in the outer core produce on the Earth?

 

1. Ice Age episodes

 

1. Global warming

 

1. Greenhouse effect

 

1. The magnetic field

 

27. What is the process by which the long-term cooling of Earth takes place?

 

1. Convection

 

1. Subduction

 

1. Seafloor spreading

 

1. Transform faulting

 

28. What is the name of the super continent that broke up as a result of plate tectonics to form the modern geography?

 

1. Laurentia

 

1. Gondwanaland

 

1. Pangaea

 

1. Atlantis

 

29. What rock type is associated with seafloor spreading?

 

1. Basalt

 

1. Andesite

 

1. Rhyolite

 

1. Peridotite

 

30. Which two key geologic phenomena are associated with the process of subduction?

 

1. Tsunamis and landslides

 

1. Earthquakes and volcanoes

 

1. Hurricanes and flooding

 

1. Global warming and sea level rise

 

31. What did the phenomenon of polar wandering help explain?

 

1. Development of the Ice Age

 

1. Movement of polar glaciers

 

1. Movement of the continents

 

1. Global mass extinctions

 

32. What happens at a divergent plate tectonic boundary?

 

1. Seafloor spreading

 

1. Subduction

 

1. Transform faulting

 

1. Continent-continent collision

 

33. What happens at a convergent plate tectonic boundary?

 

1. Hot spot volcanism

 

1. Seafloor spreading

 

1. Subduction

 

1. Transform faulting

 

34. What geologic phenomenon creates volcanic features within a tectonic plate?

 

1. Hot spot

 

1. Spreading center

 

1. Subduction zone

 

1. Transform fault

 

35. What is the driving force behind ridge push?

 

1. Pressure

 

1. Temperature

 

1. Gravity

 

1. Radioactivity

 

36. What is the surface feature associated with a divergent tectonic plate boundary?

 

1. Deep-sea trench

 

1. Mid-ocean ridge or rift valley

 

1. Island arc

 

1. Continental arc

 

37. An island arc is associated with which type of geological feature?

 

1. Transform tectonic plate boundary

 

1. Divergent tectonic plate boundary

 

1. Convergent tectonic plate boundary

 

1. Continent-continent collision

 

38. Which type of volcanic rock is associated with a convergent plate boundary?

 

1. Basalt

 

1. Andesite

 

1. Rhyolite

 

1. Peridotite

 

39. What type of plate tectonic boundary is associated with a continental arc?

 

1. Transform

 

1. Convergent

 

1. Divergent

 

1. Continent-continent collision

 

40. Which mountain range was formed by the modern day collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates?

 

1. The Alps

 

1. The Urals

 

1. The Himalaya

 

1. The Appalachians

 

 

 

Chapter 04 Test Bank: Earth’s Structure and Plate Tectonics Key

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is the type of force that causes rocks to be extended, or pulled apart?

 

1. shear

 

1. gravity

 

1. compression

 

1. tension

 

1. transverse

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.01 Describe the three different forces that deform rocks and explain what happens to rocks when they are deformed beyond their elastic limits.
Section: 04.01 Deformation of Rocks
Topic: Deformation

 

2. What best describes how the behavior of rocks changes when they become deeply buried and placed under high levels of heat and pressure?

 

1. They begin to transform into metallic minerals.

 

1. They become ductile and deform plastically.

 

1. They become more resistant to deformation.

 

1. They become brittle and deform by fracturing.

 

1. They become harder and develop gravity fractures.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.01 Describe the three different forces that deform rocks and explain what happens to rocks when they are deformed beyond their elastic limits.
Section: 04.01 Deformation of Rocks
Topic: Deformation

 

3. Which of the following provide scientists with evidence that Earth’s interior has distinct layers?

 

1. The effect of the Moon on Earth’s tidal forces and solid rock.

 

1. Behavior of seismic waves traveling through Earth’s interior.

 

1. Drilling of deep oil and gas wells.

 

1. Differences in gravity within Earth’s interior.

 

1. Mapping of the deep ocean floor.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.02 Characterize the different layers making up Earth’s internal structure and describe the basic way in which scientists have determined this structure.
Section: 04.02 Earth’s Interior
Topic: Earth’s Interior

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. Which of the following best describes Earth’s outer core?

 

1. metallic solid

 

1. low-density rock

 

1. pure carbon

 

1. metallic liquid

 

1. high-density rock

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.02 Characterize the different layers making up Earth’s internal structure and describe the basic way in which scientists have determined this structure.
Section: 04.02 Earth’s Interior
Topic: Earth’s Interior

 

5. Which of the following best describes Earth’s mantle?

 

1. high-density rock

 

1. low-density rock

 

1. metallic liquid

 

1. metallic solid

 

1. pure carbon

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.02 Characterize the different layers making up Earth’s internal structure and describe the basic way in which scientists have determined this structure.
Section: 04.02 Earth’s Interior
Topic: Earth’s Interior

 

6. Which of the following best describes the source of Earth’s internal heat?

 

1. Internal friction and radioactive decay in Earth’s interior.

 

1. Internal friction and the sun.

 

1. Internal friction & and heat generated by tidal forces.

 

1. The sun and radioactive decay in Earth’s interior.

 

1. The sun and residual heat from the planet’s formation.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.04 List the two sources of Earth’s internal heat and explain how this heat helped create the planet’s layered structure and is driving its system of moving tectonic plates.
Section: 04.02 Earth’s Interior
Topic: Earth’s Interior

 

 

 

 

 

 

7. During which of the following processes is oceanic crust recycled?

 

1. ocean tides

 

1. mid-ocean rifting

 

1. subduction

 

1. sea floor spreading

 

1. convection

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.06 List the major types of plate boundaries and describe the types of surface features that develop at each one.
Section: 04.03 Developing the Theory of Plate Tectonics
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

8. Which of the following processes drives the movement of tectonic plates?

 

1. gravitational pull of the Moon

 

1. ocean tides

 

1. all of the answers listed here

 

1. convection cells in the mantle

 

1. solar radiation

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.04 List the two sources of Earth’s internal heat and explain how this heat helped create the planet’s layered structure and is driving its system of moving tectonic plates.
Section: 04.04 Plate Tectonics and the Earth System
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

9. What best describes why the upper part of the mantle, called the asthenosphere, is important in plate tectonics?

 

1. It is the source of carbon that gets transformed into oil and gas within the plates.

 

1. It is the source of metallic minerals that form valuable ore deposits within the plates.

 

1. It is the place where plates originate.

 

1. It is hot and plastic like, which allows the overlying plates to slide or move.

 

1. It is cold and dense, which keeps the oceans in the overlying plates relatively cool.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.03 Explain the difference between oceanic and continental crust and describe the difference between the lithosphere and asthenosphere.
Learning Outcome: 04.04 List the two sources of Earth’s internal heat and explain how this heat helped create the planet’s layered structure and is driving its system of moving tectonic plates.
Section: 04.04 Plate Tectonics and the Earth System
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

 

 

 

 

 

10. Which of the following lines of evidence was used by Alfred Wegener to support his theory of continental drift?

 

1. Fit of the continents.

 

1. Similar plant & animal fossils on different continents.

 

1. Glacial deposits on continents in the southern hemisphere.

 

1. Similar rock sequences on different continents.

 

1. All of the answers listed here.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.05 Describe how scientists have been able to confirm that seafloor spreading and subduction processes are taking place and how this proved continental drift.
Section: 04.03 Developing the Theory of Plate Tectonics
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

11. Which of the following types of studies was the most critical in proving that sea-floor spreading actually occurs?

 

1. Paleomagnetic studies of oceanic crust.

 

1. Studying volcanic eruptions around the Ring of Fire.

 

1. Drilling oil and gas wells on the continental shelves.

 

1. Mapping of the ocean floor during World War I.

 

1. Mapping of glacial ice in Greenland & Antarctica.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.05 Describe how scientists have been able to confirm that seafloor spreading and subduction processes are taking place and how this proved continental drift.
Section: 04.03 Developing the Theory of Plate Tectonics
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

12. The Himalaya Mountains are an example of which of the following types of plate boundaries?

 

1. oceanic-oceanic divergence

 

1. oceanic-oceanic convergence

 

1. continental-continental convergence

 

1. continental-oceanic divergence

 

1. continental-oceanic convergence

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.06 List the major types of plate boundaries and describe the types of surface features that develop at each one.
Section: 04.04 Plate Tectonics and the Earth System
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13. The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of which of the following types of plate boundaries?

 

1. subduction zone

 

1. divergent

 

1. transverse

 

1. convergent

 

1. transform

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.06 List the major types of plate boundaries and describe the types of surface features that develop at each one.
Section: 04.04 Plate Tectonics and the Earth System
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

14. At what type of plate boundary would you expect to find new oceanic crust being created?

 

1. subduction Zone

 

1. transform

 

1. transverse

 

1. convergent

 

1. divergent

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.03 Explain the difference between oceanic and continental crust and describe the difference between the lithosphere and asthenosphere.
Section: 04.04 Plate Tectonics and the Earth System
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

15. At what type of plate boundary would you expect to see compressional forces dominate?

 

1. transvergent

 

1. transform

 

1. transverse

 

1. divergent

 

1. convergent

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.06 List the major types of plate boundaries and describe the types of surface features that develop at each one.
Section: 04.04 Plate Tectonics and the Earth System
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

16. At what type of plate boundary would you expect to find a volcanic island arc?

 

1. continental-continental convergence

 

1. oceanic-oceanic divergence

 

1. continental-oceanic divergence

 

1. oceanic-oceanic convergence

 

1. continental-continental divergence

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.03 Explain the difference between oceanic and continental crust and describe the difference between the lithosphere and asthenosphere.
Learning Outcome: 04.06 List the major types of plate boundaries and describe the types of surface features that develop at each one.
Section: 04.04 Plate Tectonics and the Earth System
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

True / False Questions

17. When rocks are stressed beyond their elastic limit the deformation becomes permanent.

 

TRUE

 

When rocks exceed their elastic limit they will permanently deform in one of two ways: 1) plastically if the rocks are ductile; 2) by fracturing if the rocks are brittle.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.01 Describe the three different forces that deform rocks and explain what happens to rocks when they are deformed beyond their elastic limits.
Section: 04.01 Deformation of Rocks
Topic: Deformation

 

18. Earth’s oceanic crust is considerably thicker than continental crust.

 

FALSE

 

Continental plates can be as much as 70km thick, whereas oceanic crust is more consistently around 5km thick.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.03 Explain the difference between oceanic and continental crust and describe the difference between the lithosphere and asthenosphere.
Section: 04.02 Earth’s Interior
Topic: Earth’s Interior

 

19. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are randomly distributed on the Earth.

 

FALSE

 

Earthquakes do not occur randomly but are concentrated along plate boundaries.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.05 Describe how scientists have been able to confirm that seafloor spreading and subduction processes are taking place and how this proved continental drift.
Learning Outcome: 04.06 List the major types of plate boundaries and describe the types of surface features that develop at each one.
Section: 04.03 Developing the Theory of Plate Tectonics
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

20. The geographic location of the magnetic North Pole has varied over geologic time.

 

TRUE

 

Magnetite-rich rocks record the orientation of the magnetic field at the time the rocks form. These data were used to make maps showing the location of the magnetic North Pole at different times in the geologic past. The variable geographic location of the magnetic North Pole is referred to as polar wandering.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.05 Describe how scientists have been able to confirm that seafloor spreading and subduction processes are taking place and how this proved continental drift.
Section: 04.03 Developing the Theory of Plate Tectonics
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

 

 

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

21. What is the name for the change in shape that results from rock deformation?

 

1. Stress

 

1. Strain

 

1. Disruption

 

1. Extrusion

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.01 Describe the three different forces that deform rocks and explain what happens to rocks when they are deformed beyond their elastic limits.
Section: 04.01 Deformation of Rocks
Topic: Deformation
Topic: Earth’s Interior
Topic: Metamorphism
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

22. What happens during ductile deformation?

 

1. No change in shape at all

 

1. Rocks return to their original shape

 

1. Brittle rocks permanently fracture

 

1. The rocks begin to flow

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.01 Describe the three different forces that deform rocks and explain what happens to rocks when they are deformed beyond their elastic limits.
Section: 04.01 Deformation of Rocks
Topic: Deformation
Topic: Earth’s Interior
Topic: Metamorphism
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

23. Which two materials comprise the Earth’s core?

 

1. Calcium and magnesium

 

1. Iron and magnesium

 

1. Iron and nickel

 

1. Lead and zinc

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.02 Characterize the different layers making up Earth’s internal structure and describe the basic way in which scientists have determined this structure.
Section: 04.02 Earth’s Interior
Topic: Earth Materials
Topic: Earth’s Interior

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

24. What prevents rocks in the mantle from melting?

 

1. High iron content

 

1. High sulfur content

 

1. Pressure

 

1. Temperature

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.03 Explain the difference between oceanic and continental crust and describe the difference between the lithosphere and asthenosphere.
Section: 04.02 Earth’s Interior
Topic: Earth’s Interior
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

25. What is the source of magma that rises to the surface to form igneous rocks?

 

1. Upper crust

 

1. Lower crust

 

1. Lithosphere

 

1. Asthenosphere

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.03 Explain the difference between oceanic and continental crust and describe the difference between the lithosphere and asthenosphere.
Section: 04.02 Earth’s Interior
Topic: Earth’s Interior
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

26. What does circulation of metallic elements in the outer core produce on the Earth?

 

1. Ice Age episodes

 

1. Global warming

 

1. Greenhouse effect

 

1. The magnetic field

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.02 Characterize the different layers making up Earth’s internal structure and describe the basic way in which scientists have determined this structure.
Section: 04.02 Earth’s Interior
Topic: Earth’s Interior
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

 

 

 

 

 

27. What is the process by which the long-term cooling of Earth takes place?

 

1. Convection

 

1. Subduction

 

1. Seafloor spreading

 

1. Transform faulting

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.04 List the two sources of Earth’s internal heat and explain how this heat helped create the planet’s layered structure and is driving its system of moving tectonic plates.
Section: 04.02 Earth’s Interior
Topic: Earth’s Interior
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

28. What is the name of the super continent that broke up as a result of plate tectonics to form the modern geography?

 

 

1. Laurentia

 

1. Gondwanaland

 

1. Pangaea

 

1. Atlantis

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.05 Describe how scientists have been able to confirm that seafloor spreading and subduction processes are taking place and how this proved continental drift.
Section: 04.03 Developing the Theory of Plate Tectonics
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

29. What rock type is associated with seafloor spreading?

 

1. Basalt

 

1. Andesite

 

1. Rhyolite

 

1. Peridotite

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.05 Describe how scientists have been able to confirm that seafloor spreading and subduction processes are taking place and how this proved continental drift.
Section: 04.04 Plate Tectonics and the Earth System
Topic: Igneous Environments
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

 

 

 

 

30. Which two key geologic phenomena are associated with the process of subduction?

 

1. Tsunamis and landslides

 

1. Earthquakes and volcanoes

 

1. Hurricanes and flooding

 

1. Global warming and sea level rise

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.05 Describe how scientists have been able to confirm that seafloor spreading and subduction processes are taking place and how this proved continental drift.
Section: 04.04 Plate Tectonics and the Earth System
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

31. What did the phenomenon of polar wandering help explain?

 

1. Development of the Ice Age

 

1. Movement of polar glaciers

 

1. Movement of the continents

 

1. Global mass extinctions

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.05 Describe how scientists have been able to confirm that seafloor spreading and subduction processes are taking place and how this proved continental drift.
Section: 04.03 Developing the Theory of Plate Tectonics
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

32. What happens at a divergent plate tectonic boundary?

 

1. Seafloor spreading

 

1. Subduction

 

1. Transform faulting

 

1. Continent-continent collision

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.06 List the major types of plate boundaries and describe the types of surface features that develop at each one.
Section: 04.04 Plate Tectonics and the Earth System
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

33. What happens at a convergent plate tectonic boundary?

 

1. Hot spot volcanism

 

1. Seafloor spreading

 

1. Subduction

 

1. Transform faulting

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.06 List the major types of plate boundaries and describe the types of surface features that develop at each one.
Section: 04.04 Plate Tectonics and the Earth System
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

34. What geologic phenomenon creates volcanic features within a tectonic plate?

 

1. Hot spot

 

1. Spreading center

 

1. Subduction zone

 

1. Transform fault

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.06 List the major types of plate boundaries and describe the types of surface features that develop at each one.
Section: 04.04 Plate Tectonics and the Earth System
Topic: Igneous Environments
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

35. What is the driving force behind ridge push?

 

1. Pressure

 

1. Temperature

 

1. Gravity

 

1. Radioactivity

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.04 List the two sources of Earth’s internal heat and explain how this heat helped create the planet’s layered structure and is driving its system of moving tectonic plates.
Section: 04.04 Plate Tectonics and the Earth System
Topic: Earth’s Interior
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

36. What is the surface feature associated with a divergent tectonic plate boundary?

 

1. Deep-sea trench

 

1. Mid-ocean ridge or rift valley

 

1. Island arc

 

1. Continental arc

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.06 List the major types of plate boundaries and describe the types of surface features that develop at each one.
Section: 04.04 Plate Tectonics and the Earth System
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

37. An island arc is associated with which type of geological feature?

 

1. Transform tectonic plate boundary

 

1. Divergent tectonic plate boundary

 

1. Convergent tectonic plate boundary

 

1. Continent-continent collision

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.06 List the major types of plate boundaries and describe the types of surface features that develop at each one.
Section: 04.04 Plate Tectonics and the Earth System
Topic: Igneous Environments
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

38. Which type of volcanic rock is associated with a convergent plate boundary?

 

1. Basalt

 

1. Andesite

 

1. Rhyolite

 

1. Peridotite

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.06 List the major types of plate boundaries and describe the types of surface features that develop at each one.
Section: 04.04 Plate Tectonics and the Earth System
Topic: Igneous Environments
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

39. What type of plate tectonic boundary is associated with a continental arc?

 

1. Transform

 

1. Convergent

 

1. Divergent

 

1. Continent-continent collision

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.06 List the major types of plate boundaries and describe the types of surface features that develop at each one.
Section: 04.04 Plate Tectonics and the Earth System
Topic: Igneous Environments
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

40. Which mountain range was formed by the modern day collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates?

 

1. The Alps

 

1. The Urals

 

1. The Himalaya

 

1. The Appalachians

 

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: 04.06 List the major types of plate boundaries and describe the types of surface features that develop at each one.
Section: 04.04 Plate Tectonics and the Earth System
Topic: Igneous Environments
Topic: Metamorphism
Topic: Plate Tectonics

 

 

Chapter 04 Test Bank: Earth’s Structure and Plate Tectonics Summary

 

Category	# of Questions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation	20
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember	15
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand	21
Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate	4
Gradable: automatic	40
Learning Outcome: 04.01 Describe the three different forces that deform rocks and explain what happens to rocks when they are deformed beyond their elastic limits.	5
Learning Outcome: 04.02 Characterize the different layers making up Earth’s internal structure and describe the basic way in which scientists have determined this structure.	5
Learning Outcome: 04.03 Explain the difference between oceanic and continental crust and describe the difference between the lithosphere and asthenosphere.	6
Learning Outcome: 04.04 List the two sources of Earth’s internal heat and explain how this heat helped create the planet’s layered structure and is driving its system of moving tectonic plates.	5
Learning Outcome: 04.05 Describe how scientists have been able to confirm that seafloor spreading and subduction processes are taking place and how this proved continental drift.	8
Learning Outcome: 04.06 List the major types of plate boundaries and describe the types of surface features that develop at each one.	14
Section: 04.01 Deformation of Rocks	5
Section: 04.02 Earth’s Interior	10
Section: 04.03 Developing the Theory of Plate Tectonics	7
Section: 04.04 Plate Tectonics and the Earth System	18
Topic: Deformation	5
Topic: Earth Materials	1
Topic: Earth’s Interior	13
Topic: Igneous Environments	6
Topic: Metamorphism	3
Topic: Plate Tectonics	31