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Essentials of Anatomy And Physiology 2nd Edition By Kenneth Saladin – Test Bank
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Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 2e (Saladin)
Chapter 2 Life, Matter, and Energy
1) Molecules composed of two or more atoms are called compounds.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 36
Section: 02.01
Topic: Atoms and molecules
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.1b Distinguish between chemical elements and compounds.
Gradable: automatic
2) Potassium, sodium, and chlorine are trace elements.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 32
Section: 02.01
Topic: Atoms and molecules
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.1a Recognize elements of the human body from their chemical symbols.
Gradable: automatic
3) Minerals are organic elements extracted from the soil by plants.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 33
Section: 02.01
Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.1c State the functions of minerals in the body.
Gradable: automatic
4) Hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium are three isotopes of hydrogen.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 34
Section: 02.01
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.1d Explain the basis for radioactivity and the types and hazards of ionizing radiation.
Gradable: automatic
5) Ionic bonds break apart in water more easily than covalent bonds.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 36
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemical bonding
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.1f Define the types of chemical bonds.
Gradable: automatic
6) The high heat capacity of water makes it a very ineffective coolant.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 39
Section: 02.02
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.2a Describe the biologically important properties of water.
Gradable: automatic
7) Blood pH is approximately 7.4, which is slightly acidic.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 41
Section: 02.02
Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.2c Interpret the pH scale.
Gradable: automatic
8) In a synthesis reaction, new covalent bonds are formed between smaller molecules to form a larger molecule.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 57
Section: 02.04
Topic: Chemical bonding
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.4b List and define the fundamental types of chemical reactions.
Gradable: automatic
9) The opposite of a dehydration synthesis is hydrolysis.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 43
Section: 02.03
Topic: Chemical bonding
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.3a Discuss the relevance of polymers to biology and explain how they are formed and broken by dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.
Gradable: automatic
10) All the chemical reactions in which larger molecules are broken down to smaller ones are called catabolic reactions.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 58
Section: 02.04
Topic: Organic compounds
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.4c Define metabolism and its two subdivisions.
Gradable: automatic
11) Unsaturated fatty acids have as much hydrogen as they can carry.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 45
Section: 02.03
Topic: Organic compounds
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.3c Describe or define the subclasses of each of those categories of biomolecules.
Gradable: automatic
12) A dipeptide is a molecule with two peptide bonds.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 49
Section: 02.03
Topic: Organic compounds
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.3c Describe or define the subclasses of each of those categories of biomolecules.
Gradable: automatic
13) ATP is the body’s most important form of long-term energy storage.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 55
Section: 02.03
Topic: Energy transfer using ATP
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.3f Describe the structure, production, and function of ATP.
Gradable: automatic
14) The most abundant element in the human body, by weight, is
- A) nitrogen.
- B) hydrogen.
- C) carbon.
- D) oxygen.
- E) calcium.
Answer: D
Section: 02.01
Topic: Atoms and molecules
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.1a Recognize elements of the human body from their chemical symbols.
Gradable: automatic
15) Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. Sodium has
- A) 12 neutrons and 11 protons.
- B) 12 protons and 11 neutrons.
- C) 12 electrons and 11 neutrons.
- D) 12 protons and 11 electrons.
- E) 12 electrons and 11 protons.
Answer: A
Section: 02.01
Topic: Atoms and molecules
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.1b Distinguish between chemical elements and compounds.
Gradable: automatic
16) ________ account for 98.5% of the body’s weight.
- A) Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine
- B) Carbon, oxygen, iron, sodium, potassium, and chlorine
- C) Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine
- D) Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sodium, and potassium
- E) Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus
Answer: E
Page Ref: 33
Section: 02.01
Topic: Atoms and molecules
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.1a Recognize elements of the human body from their chemical symbols.
Gradable: automatic
17) The chemical bonding properties of an atom are determined by its
- A) protons.
- B) electrons.
- C) neutrons.
- D) protons and neutrons.
- E) particles.
Answer: B
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemical bonding
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.1b Distinguish between chemical elements and compounds.
Gradable: automatic
18) Sodium, which has an atomic number of 11, will react with chlorine, which has an atomic number of 17. When these two atoms react, both become stable. To become stable, sodium will ________, while chlorine will ________.
- A) accept one electron; give up one electron
- B) give up one proton; accept one proton
- C) share one electron with chlorine; share one electron with sodium
- D) become an anion; become a cation
- E) give up one electron; accept one electron
Answer: E
Page Ref: 36
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemical bonding
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.1f Define the types of chemical bonds.
Gradable: automatic
19) Consider oxygen, which has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic mass of 16. How many valence electrons does it have?
- A) 2
- B) 4
- C) 6
- D) 8
- E) 16
Answer: C
Page Ref: 33
Section: 02.01
Topic: Atoms and molecules
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.1b Distinguish between chemical elements and compounds.
Gradable: automatic
20) Varieties of elements called ________ differ from one another only in number of neutrons, and therefore differ in atomic mass.
- A) cations
- B) anions
- C) isotopes
D)electrolytes
- E) free radicals
Answer: C
Page Ref: 34
Section: 02.01
Topic: Atoms and molecules
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.1d Explain the basis for radioactivity and the types and hazards of ionizing radiation.
Gradable: automatic
21) Oxygen has an atomic number of eight. When two oxygen atoms come together, they form a(n) ________ bond.
- A) hydrogen
- B) nonpolar covalent
- C) polar covalent
- D) ionic
- E) Van der Waals
Answer: B
Page Ref: 36
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemical bonding
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.1f Define the types of chemical bonds.
Gradable: automatic
22) When table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is placed in water
- A) Na+and Cl-form ionic bonds with each other.
- B) Na+and Cl-form polar covalent bonds with each other.
- C) Na+and Cl-form hydrogen bonds with water.
- D) ionic bonds between Na+and Cl-are broken.
- E) Na+and Cl-become separated by their Van der Waals forces.
Answer: D
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemical bonding
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.1f Define the types of chemical bonds.
Gradable: automatic
23) ________ are responsible for chemical bonding.
- A) Electrons
- B) Protons
- C) Positrons
- D) Neutrons
- E) Photons
Answer: A
Page Ref: 34
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemical bonding
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.1f Define the types of chemical bonds.
Gradable: automatic
24) What type of bond attracts one water molecule to another?
- A) An ionic bond
- B) A peptide bond
- C) A hydrogen bond
- D) A covalent bond
- E) A hydrolytic bond
Answer: C
Page Ref: 36
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemical bonding
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.1f Define the types of chemical bonds.
Gradable: automatic
25) When you jump off a high diving board into water, you notice the great resistance of water. This resistance is called ________ and is caused by water’s great ________.
- A) surface tension; adhesiveness
- B) surface tension; cohesiveness
- C) hydrophobic tension; adhesiveness
- D) hydrophilic tension; cohesiveness
- E) hydrophilic tension; adhesiveness
Answer: B
Page Ref: 39
Section: 02.02
Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.2a Describe the biologically important properties of water.
Gradable: automatic
26) Which of these is hydrophobic?
- A) Sugar
- B) K+
- C) Cl-
- D) Water
- E) Fat
Answer: E
Page Ref: 39
Section: 02.02
Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.2a Describe the biologically important properties of water.
Gradable: automatic
27) A solution with pH 4 has ________ the H+ concentration of a solution with pH 8.
- A) half
- B) twice
- C) 4 times
- D) 10,000 times
- E) 1/10,000
Answer: D
Page Ref: 41
Section: 02.02
Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions
Bloom’s: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 02.2c Interpret the pH scale.
Gradable: automatic
28) Which of these has the highest H+ concentration?
- A) Lemon juice, pH = 2.3
- B) Red wine, pH = 3.2
- C) Tomato juice, pH = 4.7
- D) Saliva, pH = 6.6
- E) Household ammonia, pH = 10.8
Answer: A
Page Ref: 41
Section: 02.02
Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.2c Interpret the pH scale.
Gradable: automatic
29) Blood has a pH ranging from 7.35 to 7.45. Slight deviations from this can cause major problems or even death. You are doing an intense workout, and your skeletal muscle cells are producing metabolic acids such as lactic acid. Your blood pH does not drop significantly in spite of the metabolic acids released into the blood. You maintain a constant blood pH because
- A) metabolic acids are neutralized in muscle cells before being released into the blood.
- B) metabolic bases are produced at the same rate by muscle cells to neutralize the acids.
- C) the respiratory system removes excess H+from the blood before the pH is lowered.
- D) the body contains chemicals called buffers that resist changes in pH.
- E) endothelial cells secrete excess H+to prevent a decrease in pH.
Answer: D
Section: 02.02
Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.2c Interpret the pH scale.
Gradable: automatic
30) A solution that resists a change in pH when acid or base is added to it is
- A) a buffer.
- B) a catalyst.
- C) a reducing agent.
- D) an oxidizing agent.
- E) a colloid.
Answer: A
Section: 02.02
Topic: Inorganic compounds and solutions
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.2c Interpret the pH scale.
Gradable: automatic
31) The most relevant form of energy in human physiology is the energy stored in
- A) electrolytes ionized in water.
- B) free radicals with an odd number of electrons.
- C) radioisotopes.
- D) the chemical bonds of organic molecules.
- E) Van der Waals forces.
Answer: D
Section: 02.03
Topic: Energy transfer using ATP
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.3f Describe the structure, production, and function of ATP.
Gradable: automatic
32) Any chemical reaction that removes electrons from an atom is called
- A) reduction.
- B) condensation.
- C) hydrolysis.
- D) anabolism.
- E) oxidation.
Answer: E
Section: 02.04
Topic: Chemical bonding
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.4d Define oxidation and reduction and relate these to changes in the energy content of a molecule.
Gradable: automatic
33) When ATP breaks down to ADP, potential energy stored in bonds is released. This energy stored in bonds is ________ energy.
- A) electromagnetic
- B) electrical
- C) chemical
- D) heat
- E) kinetic
Answer: C
Section: 02.03
Topic: Energy transfer using ATP
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.3f Describe the structure, production, and function of ATP.
Gradable: automatic
34) Which of the following equations depicts a decomposition reaction?
- A) AB → A + B
- B) A + B → AB
- C) AB + CD → AC + BD
- D) AB → A-+ B+
- E) A + B → AB → C + D
Answer: A
Page Ref: 57
Section: 02.04
Topic: Chemical bonding
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.4b List and define the fundamental types of chemical reactions.
Gradable: automatic
35) Any chemical reaction in which an atom gains electrons is called:
A)reduction.
- B) condensation.
- C) hydrolysis.
- D) anabolism.
- E) oxidation.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 58
Section: 02.04
Topic: Chemical bonding
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.4d Define oxidation and reduction and relate these to changes in the energy content of a molecule.
Gradable: automatic
36) The breakdown of glycogen (an energy-storage compound) is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.
- A) exergonic
- B) endergonic
- C) exchange
- D) synthesis
- E) equilibrium
Answer: A
Page Ref: 58
Section: 02.04
Topic: Chemical bonding
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.4c Define metabolism and its two subdivisions.
Gradable: automatic
37) Digestive enzymes break down the starch in a potato into thousands of glucose molecules. This exemplifies a(n) ________ reaction.
- A) synthesis
- B) decomposition
- C) exchange
- D) anabolic
- E) reductive
Answer: B
Page Ref: 58
Section: 02.04
Topic: Organic compounds
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.4c Define metabolism and its two subdivisions.
Gradable: automatic
38) Glucose is broken down in most of your cells to form carbon dioxide, oxygen, and the energy currency of the cell called ATP. This type of reaction is both ________ and ________.
- A) anabolic; endergonic
- B) catabolic; exergonic
- C) anabolic; exergonic
- D) catabolic; endergonic
- E) anabolic; exothermic
Answer: B
Page Ref: 58
Section: 02.04
Topic: Organic compounds
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.4c Define metabolism and its two subdivisions.
Gradable: automatic
39) Which of the following words includes all of the other terms?
- A) Catabolism
- B) Anabolism
- C) Metabolism
- D) Oxidative reactions
- E) Reductive reactions
Answer: C
Page Ref: 58
Section: 02.04
Topic: Chemical bonding
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.4c Define metabolism and its two subdivisions.
Gradable: automatic
40) A ________ reaction converts a ________ to its monomers.
- A) hydrolysis; polymer
- B) dehydration synthesis; molecule
- C) dehydration synthesis; polymer
- D) polymer; molecule
- E) condensation; reactant
Answer: A
Page Ref: 43
Section: 02.03
Topic: Organic compounds
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.3a Discuss the relevance of polymers to biology and explain how they are formed and broken by dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.
Gradable: automatic
41) ________ is a monosaccharide, whereas ________ is a polysaccharide.
- A) Fructose; sucrose
- B) Galactose; maltose
- C) Lactose; glycogen
- D) Glucose; starch
- E) Cellulose; glucose
Answer: D
Page Ref: 44
Section: 02.03
Topic: Organic compounds
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.3c Describe or define the subclasses of each of those categories of biomolecules.
Gradable: automatic
42) Which of the following is a disaccharide?
- A) Galactose
- B) Lactose
- C) Glucose
- D) Fructose
- E) Amylose
Answer: B
Page Ref: 44
Section: 02.03
Topic: Organic compounds
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.3c Describe or define the subclasses of each of those categories of biomolecules.
Gradable: automatic
43) Table sugar is a disaccharide called ________ and is made up of the monomer(s) ________.
- A) maltose; glucose
- B) sucrose; glucose and fructose
- C) lactose; glucose and galactose
- D) glycogen; glucose
- E) glucose; galactose and fructose
Answer: B
Page Ref: 44
Section: 02.03
Topic: Organic compounds
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.3c Describe or define the subclasses of each of those categories of biomolecules.
Gradable: automatic
44) Triglycerides are molecules consisting of one 3-carbon compound called ________ bound to three ________.
- A) eicosanoid; fatty acids
- B) steroid; glycerols
- C) eicosanoid; steroid
- D) glycerol; fatty acids
- E) steroid; fatty acids
Answer: D
Page Ref: 45
Section: 02.03
Topic: Organic compounds
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.3b Describe the structural properties that distinguish carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids from each other
Gradable: automatic
45) Proteins can serve all of the following functions except
- A) catalyze metabolic reactions.
- B) give structural strength to cells and tissues.
- C) produce muscular and other forms of movement.
- D) regulate transport of solutes into and out of cells.
- E) store hereditary information.
Answer: E
Section: 02.03
Topic: Organic compounds
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.3d Discuss the roles that each of these categories of molecules play in the body.
Gradable: automatic
46) A drastic conformational change in proteins in response to conditions such as extreme heat or pH will lead to loss of a protein’s function. This significant change in three-dimensional shape is called
- A) contamination.
- B) denaturation.
- C) saturation.
- D) sedimentation.
- E) deconformation.
Answer: B
Section: 02.03
Topic: Organic compounds
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.3e Explain how enzymes function.
Gradable: automatic
47) Proteins are ________ built from ________ different amino acids.
- A) monomers; 10
- B) molecules; 10
- C) polymers; 20
- D) macromolecules; 40
- E) polypeptides; 80
Answer: C
Page Ref: 49
Section: 02.03
Topic: Organic compounds
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.3b Describe the structural properties that distinguish carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids from each other
Gradable: automatic
48) Enzymes are specific to substrates because of the shape of their
- A) active sites.
- B) receptors.
- C) secondary structure.
- D) terminal amino acids.
- E) alpha chain.
Answer: A
Section: 02.03
Topic: Organic compounds
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.3e Explain how enzymes function.
Gradable: automatic
49) ________ is the substrate of ________.
- A) Glucose; lactose
- B) Lactase; glucose
- C) Lactose; lactase
- D) Galactose; lactose
- E) Sucrase; sucrose
Answer: C
Page Ref: 52
Section: 02.03
Topic: Organic compounds
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.3e Explain how enzymes function.
Gradable: automatic
50) Enzymes are ________ that act as catalysts, helping chemical reactions go faster at normal body temperature.
- A) cofactors
- B) proteins
- C) lipids
- D) carbohydrates
- E) nucleic acids
Answer: B
Page Ref: 52
Section: 02.03
Topic: Organic compounds
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.3e Explain how enzymes function.
Gradable: automatic
51) ATP ________ endergonic and exergonic reactions.
- A) opposes
- B) decomposes
- C) reduces
- D) links
- E) dehydrates
Answer: D
Page Ref: 55
Section: 02.03
Topic: Energy transfer using ATP
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.3f Describe the structure, production, and function of ATP.
Gradable: automatic
52) Nucleic acids are ________ of ________.
- A) molecules; monosaccharides
- B) monomers; ATP
- C) polymers; nucleotides
- D) polymers; cAMP
- E) polymers; DNA
Answer: C
Page Ref: 53
Section: 02.03
Topic: Organic compounds
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.3b Describe the structural properties that distinguish carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids from each other
Gradable: automatic
53) Which of these is a cation? Check all that apply.
- A) O2
- B) K+
- C) Na+
- D) Ca2+
- E) Cl-
Answer: B, C, D
Page Ref: 34
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemical bonding
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.1e Distinguish between ions, electrolytes, and free radicals.
Gradable: automatic
Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 2e (Saladin)
Chapter 4 Histology—The Tissue Level of Organization
1) The basis for the excitation of excitable cells is an electrical charge on the plasma membrane.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 116
Section: 04.04
Topic: Overview of histology and tissue types
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.4a Explain what distinguishes excitable tissues from other tissues
Gradable: automatic
2) Scar tissue helps to hold an organ together but does not restore normal function of the damaged tissue.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 124
Section: 04.06
Topic: Tissue injury and repair
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.6b Distinguish between the ways the body repairs damaged tissues
Gradable: automatic
3) An epithelium with a single layer of tall, narrow cells and with every cell touching the basement membrane is called ________.
- A) stratified squamous
- B) stratified cuboidal
- C) simple cuboidal
- D) simple columnar
- E) pseudostratified columnar
Answer: D
Page Ref: 104
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of epithelial tissue
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.2b List and classify eight types of epithelium, distinguish them from each other, and state where each type can be found in the body
Gradable: automatic
4) Which of the following is a function of adipose tissue?
- A) Movement
- B) Forms the stroma of the spleen
- C) Energy storage
- D) Shock absorption between vertebrae
- E) Forms the shape of the ear
Answer: C
Page Ref: 112
Section: 04.03
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of connective tissue
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.3d List 10 types of connective tissue, describe their cellular components and matrix, and explain what distinguishes them from each other
Gradable: automatic
5) The cells found in mature cartilage are called ________ and are trapped in spaces called ________.
- A) leukocytes; lumen
- B) mast cells; lacunae
- C) osteocytes; lacunae
- D) chondrocytes; lacunae
- E) adipocytes; lumen
Answer: D
Page Ref: 113
Section: 04.03
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of connective tissue
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.3b Discuss the types of cells found in fibrous connective tissue
Gradable: automatic
6) Endocrine glands secrete ________ into ________.
- A) mucus; the blood
- B) enzymes; the blood
- C) hormones; ducts
- D) hormones; the blood
- E) enzymes; ducts
Answer: D
Page Ref: 120
Section: 04.05
Topic: Glands (exocrine vs. endocrine)
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.5a Describe or define various kinds of glands
Gradable: automatic
7) Mucin, which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product, is produced by ________ glands. However, ________ glands produce a relatively watery fluid.
- A) mucous; serous
B)merocrine; holocrine
- C) apocrine; mixed
- D) endocrine; exocrine
- E) serous; mucous
Answer: A
Page Ref: 121
Section: 04.05
Topic: Glands (exocrine vs. endocrine)
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.5b Compare modes of glandular secretion; 04.5a Describe or define various kinds of glands
Gradable: automatic
8) Tear glands have vesicles that release their secretion by exocytosis. These are classified as ________ glands. However, ________ glands (such as oil-producing glands) secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products.
- A) endocrine; exocrine
- B) mucous; serous
- C) cytogenic; apocrine
- D) mucous; cutaneous
- E) merocrine; holocrine
Answer: E
Page Ref: 121
Section: 04.05
Topic: Glands (exocrine vs. endocrine)
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.5b Compare modes of glandular secretion
Gradable: automatic
9) Nonkeratinized cells exfoliate from the surface of the skin.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 105
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of epithelial tissue
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.2b List and classify eight types of epithelium, distinguish them from each other, and state where each type can be found in the body
Gradable: automatic
10) To increase surface area for absorption, columnar cells lining the small intestine show a brush border of cilia on the apical surface.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 104
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of epithelial tissue
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.2b List and classify eight types of epithelium, distinguish them from each other, and state where each type can be found in the body
Gradable: automatic
11) In an epithelium, there are no blood vessels.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 101
Section: 04.02
Topic: Overview of histology and tissue types
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.2a Describe the properties that distinguish epithelium from other tissues
Gradable: automatic
12) Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 114
Section: 04.03
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of connective tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.3d List 10 types of connective tissue, describe their cellular components and matrix, and explain what distinguishes them from each other
Gradable: automatic
13) Blood consists of cells and a ground substance made of formed elements.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 115
Section: 04.03
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of connective tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.3d List 10 types of connective tissue, describe their cellular components and matrix, and explain what distinguishes them from each other
Gradable: automatic
14) Smooth and cardiac muscles are under involuntary control.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 117
Section: 04.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of muscular tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.4e Name the three kinds of muscular tissue and describe the differences between them
Gradable: automatic
15) Dendrites in a neuron send outgoing signals to other cells.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 117
Section: 04.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of nervous tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.4c Identify the major parts of a nerve cell
Gradable: automatic
16) The duct of an exocrine gland leads into the bloodstream rather than onto an epithelial surface.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 120
Section: 04.05
Topic: Glands (exocrine vs. endocrine)
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.5a Describe or define various kinds of glands
Gradable: automatic
17) The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except
- A) connective.
- B) fibrous.
- C) nervous.
- D) epithelial.
- E) muscular.
Answer: B
Section: 04.01
Topic: Overview of histology and tissue types
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.1a Name the four primary classes of adult tissues
Gradable: automatic
18) A thin, stained slice of tissue mounted on a microscope is called a
- A) fixative.
B)histological section.
- C) spread.
- D) stain.
- E) smear.
Answer: B
Section: 04.01
Topic: Overview of histology and tissue types
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.1b Visualize the three-dimensional shape of a structure from a two-dimensional tissue section
Gradable: automatic
19) Body cavities, the body surface, and many organs are lined with ________.
- A) interstitial tissue
- B) muscle tissue
- C) adipose tissue
- D) epithelial tissue
- E) nervous tissue
Answer: D
Page Ref: 101
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of epithelial tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.2a Describe the properties that distinguish epithelium from other tissues
Gradable: automatic
20) The basement membrane is found between ________.
- A) epithelium and connective tissue
- B) epithelium and extracellular material
- C) epithelium and intracellular material
- D) extracellular material and intracellular material
- E) interstitial fluid and extracellular fluid
Answer: A
Page Ref: 102
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of epithelial tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.2a Describe the properties that distinguish epithelium from other tissues
Gradable: automatic
21) The tissue that best allows for rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs is called ________ epithelium.
- A) simple squamous
- B) simple cuboidal
- C) simple columnar
- D) stratified squamous-keratinized
- E) stratified squamous-nonkeratinized
Answer:A
Page Ref: 103
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of epithelial tissue
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.2b List and classify eight types of epithelium, distinguish them from each other, and state where each type can be found in the body
Gradable: automatic
22) Most kidney tubules are made of ________, which are specialized for absorption and secretion.
- A) simple columnar epithelium
- B) stratified columnar epithelium
- C) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- D) simplecuboidal epithelium
- E) stratified cuboidal epithelium
Answer: D
Page Ref: 103
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of epithelial tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.2b List and classify eight types of epithelium, distinguish them from each other, and state where each type can be found in the body
Gradable: automatic
23) What kind of cells would you expect to see in a tissue that has a mucus coating on the apical surface?
- A) Fibroblasts
- B) Chondrocytes
- C) Squamous cells
- D) Osteocytes
- E) Goblet cells
Answer: E
Page Ref: 102
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of epithelial tissue
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.2c Discuss how the structure of each type of epithelium relates to its function
Gradable: automatic
24) A brush border of microvilli belongs to ________ epithelium found in the ________.
- A) pseudostratified; nasal cavity
- B) simple cuboidal; esophagus
- C) simple columnar; small intestine
- D) stratified squamous; anal canal
- E) stratified squamous; esophagus
Answer: C
Page Ref: 104
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of epithelial tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.2b List and classify eight types of epithelium, distinguish them from each other, and state where each type can be found in the body; 04.2c Discuss how the structure of each type of epithelium relates to its function
Gradable: automatic
25) All cells in ________ epithelium reach the basement membrane and only cells that reach the free surface have cilia.
- A) pseudostratified columnar
- B) simple columnar
- C) stratified columnar
- D) stratified cuboidal
- E) stratified squamous
Answer: A
Page Ref: 104
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of epithelial tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.2b List and classify eight types of epithelium, distinguish them from each other, and state where each type can be found in the body
Gradable: automatic
26) ________ epithelium found in the bladder resembles ________ epithelium, but the apical cells are rounded, not flattened.
- A) Transitional; stratified squamous
- B) Stratified squamous; pseudostratified
- C) Stratified squamous; stratified columnar
- D) Simple columnar; pseudostratified
- E) Transitional; simple cuboidal
Answer: A
Page Ref: 107
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of epithelial tissue
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.2b List and classify eight types of epithelium, distinguish them from each other, and state where each type can be found in the body
Gradable: automatic
27) ________ epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as in the ________.
- A) Transitional; tongue
- B) Keratinized; tongue
- C) Nonkeratinized; skin
- D) Keratinized; skin
- E) Nonkeratinized; vagina
Answer: E
Page Ref: 106
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of epithelial tissue
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.2b List and classify eight types of epithelium, distinguish them from each other, and state where each type can be found in the body; 04.2c Discuss how the structure of each type of epithelium relates to its function
Gradable: automatic
28) Epithelium that is associated with rapid diffusion is ________, whereas ________ epithelium is best suited for resistance to abrasion.
- A) simple columnar; transitional
- B) simple squamous; stratified squamous
- C) simple cuboidal; pseudostratified
- D) pseudostratified; simple squamous
- E) pseudostratified; simple cuboidal
Answer: B
Page Ref: 103
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of epithelial tissue
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.2c Discuss how the structure of each type of epithelium relates to its function
Gradable: automatic
29) Which of the following features is not common to all connective tissues?
- A) Most cells are not in direct contact with each other.
- B) The cells of connective tissue are arranged in layers or sheets.
- C) Extracellular material usually occupies more space than cells.
- D) Protein fibers are usually present in the ground substance.
- E) Most connective tissues are highly vascular.
Answer: B
Section: 04.03
Topic: Overview of histology and tissue types
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.3a Describe the properties that most connective tissues have in common
Gradable: automatic
30) Many blood vessels are found in ________ tissue, however ________ is free of blood capillaries.
- A) epithelial; cartilage
- B) muscular; osseous tissue
- C) dense regular connective; dense irregular connective tissue
- D) areolar; cartilage
- E) nervous; osseous tissue
Answer: D
Page Ref: 110
Section: 04.03
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of connective tissue
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.3d List 10 types of connective tissue, describe their cellular components and matrix, and explain what distinguishes them from each other
Gradable: automatic
31) Fibrous connective tissue has all of the following features except
- A) very conspicuous protein fibers.
- B) the presence of fibroblasts.
- C) the presence of collagen.
- D) ground substance with a gelatinous to rubbery consistency.
- E) a calcified matrix.
Answer: E
Section: 04.03
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of connective tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.3d List 10 types of connective tissue, describe their cellular components and matrix, and explain what distinguishes them from each other
Gradable: automatic
32) The shape of a person’s external ear is given by
- A) dense regular connective tissue.
- B) dense irregular connective tissue.
- C) elastic cartilage.
- D) fibrocartilage.
- E) ligaments.
Answer: C
Section: 04.03
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of connective tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.3d List 10 types of connective tissue, describe their cellular components and matrix, and explain what distinguishes them from each other
Gradable: automatic
33) Fibrous connective tissues include all of the following except
- A) reticular tissue.
- B) hyaline cartilage.
- C) dense regular connective tissue.
- D) dense irregular connective tissue.
- E) areolar tissue.
Answer: B
Section: 04.03
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of connective tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.3d List 10 types of connective tissue, describe their cellular components and matrix, and explain what distinguishes them from each other
Gradable: automatic
34) Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect in elastic fibers. People with this syndrome may have
- A) weak arterial walls.
- B) a small cranium.
- C) elastic bones.
- D) stronger bones.
- E) viscous blood.
Answer: A
Section: 04.03
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of connective tissue
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.3c Explain what the matrix of a connective tissue is and describe its components
Gradable: automatic
35) Collagenous fibers are very abundant in
- A) blood and hyaline cartilage.
- B) blood, adipose tissue, and osseous tissue.
- C) ligaments, bones, and the most superficial portion of the skin.
- D) tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin.
- E) areolar tissue, tongue, and bones.
Answer: D
Section: 04.03
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of connective tissue
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.3d List 10 types of connective tissue, describe their cellular components and matrix, and explain what distinguishes them from each other
Gradable: automatic
36) Fibroblasts and collagen fibers are associated with both ________.
- A) dense regular and dense irregular connective tissues
- B) plasma and formed elements
- C) elastic cartilage and hyaline cartilage
- D) spongy bone and compact (dense) bone
- E) adipose tissue and reticular tissue
Answer: A
Section: 04.03
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of connective tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.3b Discuss the types of cells found in fibrous connective tissue; 04.3c Explain what the matrix of a connective tissue is and describe its components
Gradable: automatic
37) Which of the following is a function of blood?
- A) Contraction and relaxation
- B) Energy storage
- C) Protection of cardiac tissue
- D) Line the heart chambers
- E) Transport nutrients to the tissues
Answer: E
Page Ref: 115
Section: 04.03
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of connective tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.3d List 10 types of connective tissue, describe their cellular components and matrix, and explain what distinguishes them from each other
Gradable: automatic
38) ________ tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential, thus they are called ________ tissues.
- A) Muscular and nervous; excitable
- B) Connective and muscular; responsive
- C) Adipose and areolar; complex
- D) Epithelial and connective; irritable
- E) Nervous and connective; excitable
Answer: A
Page Ref: 117
Section: 04.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of muscular tissue; Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of nervous tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.4a Explain what distinguishes excitable tissues from other tissues
Gradable: automatic
39) Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and ________.
- A) fibroblasts
- B) chondrocytes
- C) glial cells
- D) myocytes
- E) osteocytes
Answer: C
Section: 04.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of nervous tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.4b Name the cell types that compose nervous tissue
Gradable: automatic
40) Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because
- A) smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract.
- B) skeletal muscle puts pressure on the digestive tract.
- C) cardiac muscle maintains a high pressure that moves material through the digestive tract.
- D) striated muscle creates a pressure gradient that forces material from one end of the digestive tract to the other.
- E) skeletal muscle sphincters contract and allow materials to move through the digestive tract.
Answer: A
Section: 04.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of muscular tissue
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.4e Name the three kinds of muscular tissue and describe the differences between them
Gradable: automatic
41) Skeletal muscle is described as
- A) striated and voluntary.
- B) striated and involuntary.
- C) nonstriated and voluntary.
- D) nonstriated and involuntary.
- E) fibrous and contracting.
Answer: A
Section: 04.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of muscular tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.4e Name the three kinds of muscular tissue and describe the differences between them
Gradable: automatic
42) A muscle fiber refers to a(n) ________.
- A) entire cell
- B) organelle
- C) collagen molecule
- D) extension from the soma
- E) filament
Answer: A
Section: 04.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of muscular tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.4e Name the three kinds of muscular tissue and describe the differences between them
Gradable: automatic
43) The membrane that lines the lumen of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts consists of
- A) simple squamous epithelium and dense irregular connective tissue.
- B) areolar and dense irregular connective tissue.
- C) epithelium and areolar connective tissue.
- D) areolar tissue and cartilage.
- E) simple squamous epithelium and cartilage.
Answer: C
Section: 04.05
Topic: Membranes (mucous, serous, cutaneous, and synovial)
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.5c Describe the structure of mucous and serous membranes
Gradable: automatic
44) ________ membranes lines passageways that open to the exterior environment.
- A) Peritoneal
- B) Endothelial
- C) Synovial
- D) Serous
- E) Mucous
Answer: E
Page Ref: 122
Section: 04.05
Topic: Membranes (mucous, serous, cutaneous, and synovial)
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.5c Describe the structure of mucous and serous membranes
Gradable: automatic
45) After six months of lifting weights at the gym, you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increase in size is due to ________ of muscle cells.
- A) hyperplasia
- B) neoplasia
- C) hypertrophy
- D) metaplasia
- E) atrophy
Answer: C
Page Ref: 123
Section: 04.06
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of muscular tissue
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.6a Name and describe the modes of tissue growth
Gradable: automatic
46) The epithelium of the lungs in smokers may transform into abnormal cells that continue to multiply to form an abnormal mass. This exemplifies
- A) neoplasia.
- B) hypertrophy.
- C) atrophy.
- D) differentiation.
- E) hyperplasia.
Answer: A
Section: 04.06
Topic: Tissue injury and repair
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.6b Distinguish between the ways the body repairs damaged tissues; 04.6a Name and describe the modes of tissue growth
Gradable: automatic
47) The replacement of dead or damaged cells by the same cells as before is called ________.
- A) hypertrophy
- B) hyperplasia
- C) regeneration
- D) fibrosis
- E) neoplasia
Answer: C
Page Ref: 124
Section: 04.06
Topic: Tissue injury and repair
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.6b Distinguish between the ways the body repairs damaged tissues
Gradable: automatic
48) It is normal for the uterus to shrink after a woman gives birth. This is is facilitated by ________ of the cells of the uterus.
- A) necrosis
- B) apoptosis
- C) hypertrophy
- D) infarction
- E) gangrene
Answer: B
Page Ref: 124
Section: 04.06
Topic: Tissue injury and repair
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.6c Name and describe the modes and causes of tissue shrinkage and death
Gradable: automatic
49) The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called
- A) necrosis.
- B) apoptosis.
- C) gangrene.
- D) regeneration.
- E) fibrosis.
Answer: E
Section: 04.06
Topic: Tissue injury and repair
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.6b Distinguish between the ways the body repairs damaged tissues
Gradable: automatic
50) Cells that are taller than they are wide are called ________ cells.
- A) columnar
- B) cuboidal
- C) squamous
- D) stellate
Answer: A
Page Ref: 100
Section: 04.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of epithelial tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.1c Interpret descriptive terms for various shapes of cells
Gradable: automatic
51) Cells that are flat and tile-shaped are called ________ cells.
- A) columnar
- B) cuboidal
- C) squamous
- D) stellate
Answer: C
Page Ref: 100
Section: 04.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of epithelial tissue
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.1c Interpret descriptive terms for various shapes of cells
Gradable: automatic
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