Description
Essentials of Psychology 6th Edition by Douglas Bernstein – Test Bank
Sample Questions
Instant Download With Answers
CHAPTER 2 Biology and Behavior
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- Biological psychology is the study of the __________ factors that influence or cause behavior and mental processes.
| a. | physical and chemical |
| b. | naturalistic |
| c. | social and physical |
| d. | cognitive |
ANS: A OBJ: 1 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- The nervous system is directly responsible for all of the following activities except
| a. | receiving information from sensory systems. |
| b. | secreting hormones into the bloodstream. |
| c. | integrating new information with past experiences. |
| d. | directing the movement of muscles. |
ANS: B OBJ: 2 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- Neurons have some similarities with other cells in the human body. Which of the following characteristics is seen in neurons, but not in most other cells?
| a. | An outer membrane |
| b. | A cell body |
| c. | The ability to transmit signals to other cells |
| d. | Mitochondria |
ANS: C OBJ: 2 | 3 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- Doctor Simo is building a super-genius monster. He wants to make sure that his monster’s neurons can turn oxygen and glucose into energy, so he gives the neurons plenty of
| a. | dendrites. |
| b. | mitochondria. |
| c. | nuclei. |
| d. | axons. |
ANS: B OBJ: 4 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Dr. Wozniak is examining a cell from the nervous system of an animal. He notices that at one end of the cell body is a long, fibrous strand of tissue. He immediately recognizes this as an axon that is responsible for
| a. | carrying signals away from the cell body. |
| b. | receiving signals from other cells and carrying them toward the cell body. |
| c. | determining the speed at which an action potential will travel. |
| d. | determining whether the cell inhibits or excites neighboring neurons. |
ANS: A OBJ: 4 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- Mimi is sitting in her biology lab, trying to figure out what kind of a cell she has on the slide under her microscope. “Aha,” she cries. “It’s a neuron!” One thing that might have tipped Mimi off is the fact that the cell has
| a. | an outer membrane. |
| b. | an axon. |
| c. | mitochondria. |
| d. | sulci. |
ANS: B OBJ: 4 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- Eycine operated the telephone switchboard at a large company, answering calls and directing them to the appropriate extensions. Remembering her introductory psychology class, she decided that her situation was much like the __________ of neurons because numerous people could call her at one time, but she could send out only one call at a time.
| a. | sodium and potassium |
| b. | dendrites and axons |
| c. | myelin and mitochondria |
| d. | synapses and neurotransmitters |
ANS: B OBJ: 4 KEY: Analysis MSC: C/A
- You are looking at a neuron under a microscope. You find many structures coming off the cell body. Some of these are relatively thick and branch many times. One of the structures, however, is very thin and very long. This latter structure is most likely the neuron’s __________ , which carries the __________.
| a. | dendrite; efferent signal |
| b. | dendrite; afferent signal |
| c. | axon; action potential |
| d. | axon; receptors |
ANS: C OBJ: 4 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- If the myelin sheathing on neurons is absent or removed in a given individual, he or she will exhibit difficulties in speaking, vision, and balance because without myelin the
| a. | quantity of neurotransmitters released into synapses will be reduced. |
| b. | quantity of neurotransmitters released into synapses will be increased. |
| c. | speed of neural conduction along critical paths will be too fast. |
| d. | speed of neural conduction along critical paths will be too slow. |
ANS: D OBJ: 5 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- Ivan has discovered how to tame neurons and keep them as pets. When he’s bored, he sometimes starts an action potential going down the axon of each of his four pet neurons, just to see which one will “win” by releasing neurotransmitters first. All of his neurons have axons of the exact same length. Ivan’s game got old fast, though, because one neuron always wins. The winner is always
| a. | Sue, the neuron with the most dendrites. |
| b. | Harry, the neuron with the fattest axon. |
| c. | Elspeth, the neuron with the largest axon hillock. |
| d. | Johann, the neuron with the most potassium channels. |
ANS: B OBJ: 5 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- Chitra, a neuron, has been sending offensive messages to neighboring neurons. The neighbors decide to “perform surgery” to eliminate Chitra’s transmissions. This could be achieved most effectively by
| a. | locking the gates on Chitra’s axon. |
| b. | reducing the strength of Chitra’s action potentials. |
| c. | decreasing Chitra’s refractory period. |
| d. | placing a myelin sheath on Chitra’s axon. |
ANS: A OBJ: 5 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which the immune system mistakenly destroys some of the myelin wrapped around nerve cell fibers. Which nerve cell fibers are being attacked by this process?
| a. | Synapses |
| b. | Axons |
| c. | Dendrites |
| d. | Mitochondria |
ANS: B OBJ: 5 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- An action potential has just sped down one of your efferent neurons to jerk your hand off the hot stove. Before an action potential will speed through this neuron again, the membrane of the neuron must become repolarized. The time between the action potentials is called the __________ period.
| a. | refractory |
| b. | polarization |
| c. | self-propagating |
| d. | repolarization |
ANS: A OBJ: 6 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- Arty the axon and his friends have the tiring job of carrying signals to the synapses. Because this is hard work, Arty and his pals insist that they take a brief rest after they send one message and before they send another one. Their co-workers are used to this and know not to disturb Arty and his friends during their __________ period.
| a. | propagating |
| b. | refractory |
| c. | residual |
| d. | terminal |
ANS: B OBJ: 6 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- Nathan Neuron just fired his axon causing a release of chemicals into the synapse. “More! More!” shout the neurons that received Nathan’s chemicals. Nathan replies, “I can’t right now, I have to take a break known as a(n)
| a. | refractory period.” |
| b. | postsynaptic potential.” |
| c. | action potential.” |
| d. | self-propagation.” |
ANS: A OBJ: 6 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- Neurotransmitters are __________ that travel across the __________ to another cell.
| a. | electrical signals; neural receptors |
| b. | electrical signals; synapse |
| c. | chemicals; neural receptors |
| d. | chemicals; synapse |
ANS: D OBJ: 7 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- Selwyn is developing a neuromuscular problem because of a shortage of certain neurotransmitters in his cells. This shortage means that
| a. | information can’t get transmitted across his synapses. |
| b. | his cells have too many vesicles. |
| c. | there are only inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in his cells. |
| d. | the depolarization of his dendrites is too strong. |
ANS: A OBJ: 7 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- A neuron evokes the action potential of another neuron by releasing the __________ into the synapse before they fit into the __________ of the other neuron.
| a. | neural receptors; neurotransmitters |
| b. | neurotransmitters; neural receptors |
| c. | dendrites; axon |
| d. | axons; dendrites |
ANS: B OBJ: 7 | 8 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- Neurons communicate across the synapse by means of neurotransmitters, which bind to special proteins on the postsynaptic membrane, like a key fitting into a lock. In this analogy, the neurotransmitter is the key and the __________ is the lock.
| a. | neural receptor |
| b. | axon |
| c. | postsynaptic potential |
| d. | dendrite |
ANS: A OBJ: 8 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- “Hey! It’s too crowded in here! Stop shoving! Boy, I can’t wait ’til I’m free! I’m going to flow across that synapse and find the perfect neural receptor for me and you guys won’t fit.” “Oh yeah! You’d better hope you connect soon or else you’ll be sucked back into this crowded room again!” This conversation is taking place among
| a. | postsynaptic potentials. |
| b. | dendrites connected to a neuron. |
| c. | sodium ions in an axon. |
| d. | neurotransmitter molecules in a vesicle. |
ANS: D OBJ: 8 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- A neurotransmitter is released into a synapse, but it has no effect on a neighboring neuron. Which of the following best accounts for the unresponsiveness of the neighboring neuron?
| a. | The neighboring neuron does not contain any neurotransmitters of its own. |
| b. | The neighboring neuron’s vesicles are defective. |
| c. | The neighboring neuron has an outer membrane. |
| d. | The neighboring neuron’s receptors do not accept this type of neurotransmitter. |
ANS: D OBJ: 8 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- If a scientist wanted to know more about how neurons are organized, how they communicate in varying combinations, and how they are involved in producing different patterns of behavior, she would most likely focus her research on
| a. | feedback systems. |
| b. | neurotransmitters. |
| c. | postsynaptic potentials. |
| d. | neural networks. |
ANS: D OBJ: 10 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Neurons are organized into groups that fire in different combinations to produce certain patterns of behavior. These groups are known as
| a. | fiber tracts. |
| b. | cytokines. |
| c. | glial cell systems. |
| d. | neural networks. |
ANS: D OBJ: 10 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- After a back injury, Riamsalat has no feeling below his waist, though he can still move his legs and feet. Riamsalat has probably damaged his __________ system.
| a. | motor |
| b. | output |
| c. | processing |
| d. | sensory |
ANS: D OBJ: 11 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- The group of neurons in the nervous system that control how muscles and other organs respond to the environment are known as a(n) __________ system.
| a. | sensory |
| b. | olfactory |
| c. | motor |
| d. | reflexive |
ANS: C OBJ: 11 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- Carlos was in a car accident and received a head injury that resulted in a decreased ability to produce speech. Carlos has more than likely damaged his __________ nervous system.
| a. | sympathetic |
| b. | peripheral |
| c. | central |
| d. | sensory |
ANS: C OBJ: 12 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- The two major divisions of the nervous system are the
| a. | brain and spinal cord. |
| b. | central and somatic nervous systems. |
| c. | sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. |
| d. | peripheral and central nervous systems. |
ANS: D OBJ: 12 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- When a stranger began walking behind Timothy on the dark and deserted street, his heart rate increased and the muscles in his legs began moving faster so he could gain some distance from the stranger. These mobilization and motor activities were most directly orchestrated by his __________ nervous system.
| a. | central |
| b. | endocrine |
| c. | peripheral |
| d. | parasympathetic |
ANS: C OBJ: 12 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- The voluntary command Julie uses to raise her hand in class would travel through the __________ nervous system from the spinal cord to the muscles that control the movement.
| a. | somatic |
| b. | autonomic |
| c. | sympathetic |
| d. | parasympathetic |
ANS: A OBJ: 13 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- Which nervous system is involved in allowing you to shoot a basketball, smell freshly baked bread, and push the keys on a piano?
| a. | Sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system |
| b. | Parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system |
| c. | Both branches of the autonomic nervous system |
| d. | Somatic nervous system |
ANS: D OBJ: 13 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- The digestion of last night’s dinner is most directly controlled by the __________ system.
| a. | autonomic nervous |
| b. | central nervous |
| c. | somatic nervous |
| d. | endocrine |
ANS: A OBJ: 13 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- When you are running to catch a bus, the __________ nervous system is directly responsible for making the muscles in your legs move.
| a. | somatic |
| b. | sympathetic |
| c. | central |
| d. | parasympathetic |
ANS: A OBJ: 13 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- Connections in Chiara’s autonomic nervous system have been harmed by a mysterious infection. From which of the following areas is Chiara most unlikely to receive the usual communication?
| a. | Eyes |
| b. | Muscles |
| c. | Lungs |
| d. | Pain receptors |
ANS: C OBJ: 13 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Mikel has to keep his apartment cool in the summer because he has a nervous system disorder that makes him unable to sweat. The problem is most likely in Mikel’s
| a. | somatic nervous system. |
| b. | spinal cord. |
| c. | mitochondria. |
| d. | autonomic nervous system. |
ANS: D OBJ: 13 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- The main divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the __________ and the __________.
| a. | somatic; autonomic |
| b. | sympathetic; parasympathetic |
| c. | afferent; efferent |
| d. | reticular; limbic |
ANS: A OBJ: 13 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- Tisha has a disorder that affects the functioning of her somatic nervous system. Of the following, Tisha probably experiences the most trouble
| a. | digesting food. |
| b. | thinking. |
| c. | moving her limbs. |
| d. | breathing. |
ANS: C OBJ: 13 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- If a person had a diseased autonomic nervous system, the kinds of functions most directly affected would be things such as __________ and __________.
| a. | decision making; problem solving |
| b. | getting dressed; driving a car |
| c. | reflexive movements; receiving sensory input |
| d. | digestion; breathing |
ANS: D OBJ: 13 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Nilam accidentally touches the hot burner on the stove. Sensory information about the pain and heat will be carried to her brain by the __________ nervous system, her heart rate will increase as a result of activation by the __________ nervous system, and when she calms down the __________ nervous system will slow her heart rate down.
| a. | peripheral; central; autonomic |
| b. | somatic; autonomic; central |
| c. | central; sympathetic; parasympathetic |
| d. | somatic; sympathetic; parasympathetic |
ANS: D OBJ: 13 | 14 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Rashaun saw something terrifying. His muscles tensed, he began breathing more rapidly, and he began to sweat. Having taken introductory psychology, Rashaun knew that the __________ division of his __________ nervous system had been activated.
| a. | sympathetic; limbic |
| b. | parasympathetic; somatic |
| c. | peripheral; central |
| d. | sympathetic; autonomic |
ANS: D OBJ: 14 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Frank has to give an oral presentation in his psychology class. He is nervous about public speaking so he experiences rapid heartbeat, sweaty palms, and increased respiration. This results from activity of the __________ nervous system.
| a. | somatic |
| b. | sympathetic |
| c. | ancillary |
| d. | parasympathetic |
ANS: B OBJ: 14 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- While Bonnie is getting ready for her first date with Juan, her heart is racing and her blood pressure is high because she is excited and nervous. While dining, Bonnie becomes calm and relaxed. While getting ready, Bonnie’s __________ nervous system was activated. While dining, Bonnie’s __________ nervous system was activated.
| a. | peripheral; autonomic |
| b. | autonomic; peripheral |
| c. | parasympathetic; sympathetic |
| d. | sympathetic; parasympathetic |
ANS: D OBJ: 14 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Claudia has just come home from a long, difficult day of writing questions for this test. As she sits down on the sofa, her heart rate and breathing slow down, her muscles relax, and her digestive system starts getting ready for food. It appears as though Claudia’s __________ has been activated.
| a. | thalamus |
| b. | parasympathetic nervous system |
| c. | sympathetic system |
| d. | somatic nervous system |
ANS: B OBJ: 14 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- During a job interview, Samira realizes that she is sweating a little bit and she feels her heart pounding against her chest. Her stomach is also a little bit upset and she hasn’t felt like eating all day. From this information, it appears that the __________ division of Samira’s __________ nervous system is very active.
| a. | parasympathetic; autonomic |
| b. | autonomic; parasympathetic |
| c. | sympathetic; autonomic |
| d. | autonomic; sympathetic |
ANS: C OBJ: 14 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- When a man grabbed Opal’s purse, she ran after him, tackled him, and retrieved her purse. Then she realized that her heart was racing, her breathing was irregular, and she was trembling. Opal’s __________ nervous system was responsible for this reaction.
| a. | sympathetic |
| b. | central |
| c. | parasympathetic |
| d. | somatic |
ANS: A OBJ: 14 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Which of the following is most likely to be found in a fiber tract of the nervous system?
| a. | Axons of neurons |
| b. | Nuclei of neurons |
| c. | Dendrites of neurons |
| d. | Cell bodies of neurons |
ANS: A OBJ: 15 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- Dr. Zomboss plans to overtake all of humankind by shutting down the fiber tracts of their brains. To do this, Dr. Zomboss will set his brain zappers to target
| a. | sections of the limbic system involved in emotion. |
| b. | collections of cell bodies. |
| c. | collections of axons that travel together in bundles. |
| d. | afferent neurons that line the reflex pathways. |
ANS: C OBJ: 15 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- If your central nervous system were a city, then the nuclei would be the __________, and the fiber tracts would be the __________.
| a. | highways; neighborhoods |
| b. | cars; passengers |
| c. | neighborhoods; highways |
| d. | passengers; cars |
ANS: C OBJ: 15 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- After Les touches a hot iron, he pulls his hand away almost instantaneously. The command that instructed Les’s muscles to pull his arm away so quickly most likely came from his
| a. | brain. |
| b. | spinal cord. |
| c. | sensory neurons. |
| d. | motor neurons. |
ANS: B OBJ: 16 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- You have been up all night studying for an important midterm examination and are a little tired. As you reach for your hot chocolate, you accidentally touch the hot burner on the stove. You quickly pull your hand away from the burner. Which of the following statements about your action is true?
| a. | The medulla oblongata and cerebellum played major parts in your response. |
| b. | The reflexive command came from the spinal cord. |
| c. | Glial cells did most of the work necessary to move your hand. |
| d. | Your brain sent instructions, via the spinal cord, to pull away from the burner. |
ANS: B OBJ: 16 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Casey got up one morning after only a few hours of sleep and plugged in the iron to press his shirt. When he heard a ringing sound he grabbed the iron by the hot part, and before he could say “hello,” he dropped it with a crash. The parts of Casey’s nervous system that caused him to drop the hot iron were his
| a. | substantia nigra and sensory neurons. |
| b. | spinal cord, sensory neurons, and motor neurons. |
| c. | cerebral cortex and motor neurons. |
| d. | amygdala and sensory neurons. |
ANS: B OBJ: 16 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- All of the following statements about reflexes are true except that
| a. | They are controlled by the spinal cord. |
| b. | They occur without instructions from the brain. |
| c. | They are not voluntary. |
| d. | They do not send signals to the brain. |
ANS: D OBJ: 16 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- Mitch tripped and fell near the campfire. When he reflexively drew back his hand, which had touched a hot coal, the signal sent throughout his nervous system went from his hand to his
| a. | spinal cord, then to his brain, then back to his hand. |
| b. | brain, then to his spinal cord, then back to his hand. |
| c. | spinal cord, then back to his hand, then to his brain. |
| d. | brain, then simultaneously to his hand and spinal cord. |
ANS: C OBJ: 16 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- Chirag’s spinal cord was completely severed at the neck in an auto accident. He would still be able to
| a. | wiggle his toes. |
| b. | exhibit the “knee-jerk” reflex in response to a tap on the knee. |
| c. | feel the pain of a pin prick on his foot. |
| d. | snap his fingers. |
ANS: B OBJ: 16 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- Athea was a subject in a study in which the glucose in her brain was marked with a radioactive substance. Then radiation detectors identified especially active brain areas. Athea participated in a study that employed
| a. | electroencephalograms (EEGs). |
| b. | magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). |
| c. | psychophysical radiograms (PPRs). |
| d. | positron emission tomography (PET). |
ANS: D OBJ: 17 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Alfred the brain was in a car accident, and the doctor suspects that Alfred may have suffered structural damage. Which of the following tests would be the most appropriate to find out whether there is structural damage?
| a. | Electrical stimulation |
| b. | Electroencephalogram (EEG) |
| c. | Positron emission tomography (PET) |
| d. | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
ANS: D OBJ: 17 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- Yao is participating in a study investigating sleep patterns. As part of the study, researchers paste electrodes to Yao’s scalp. The electrodes are then hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG), which will provide information about the
| a. | specific areas of the brain involved with sleep. |
| b. | general electrical activity of the brain during sleep. |
| c. | changes in blood flow that occur within the brain during sleep. |
| d. | physical shape of the brain structures involved with sleep. |
ANS: B OBJ: 17 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- To study brain activity, Dr. Nu Rho uses a new scanning technique that traces the activity of axon pathways. Dr. Rho’s brain imaging procedure is known as
| a. | diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). |
| b. | electroencephalograph (EEG). |
| c. | positron emission tomography (PET). |
| d. | transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). |
ANS: A OBJ: 17 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- To understand how to better treat depression, Dr. Kloss and his team plan to use transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). By using this technology, the research team will be able to
| a. | detect changes in blood flow within the brain. |
| b. | measure general electrical activity in the brain. |
| c. | disrupt the activity of neurons in a particular brain region. |
| d. | trace the activity of axon pathways. |
ANS: C OBJ: 17 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Doctor Emarih wants to know what conclusions he can draw from fMRI research. He has been reviewing criticisms of this technology and found one of them to be incorrect. According to your textbook, which criticism is false?
| a. | An fMRI scan does not necessarily reveal how the mind works. |
| b. | fMRI shows only the location of blood flow and oxygen activity in the brain. |
| c. | Researchers may be accepting the value of fMRI too readily. |
| d. | This technology shows us how the brain produces thoughts and feelings, but it is not precise enough yet to draw accurate conclusions. |
ANS: D OBJ: 18 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Based on the “Thinking Critically” section in the textbook, we know that fMRI technology
| a. | directly measures brain activity. |
| b. | can reveal the brain areas that are active when a person experiences an emotion. |
| c. | can detect any neuronal activity, even if increases and decreases of activity in the same region cancel each other out. |
| d. | is not very susceptible to experimenter bias because the images are difficult to misinterpret. |
ANS: B OBJ: 18 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- With the advent of fMRI, researchers have been able to explore mirror neuron mechanisms in the human brain. Based on this research, psychologists have discovered all of the following except
| a. | mirror systems have been found in humans that correspond to the F5 region in monkeys. |
| b. | Broca’s area may be important in many skills that involve imitation. |
| c. | language development and empathy seem to operate independently from mirror neuron mechanisms. |
| d. | certain parts of the brain are activated similarly when a person witnesses an emotion as when he or she directly experiences that emotion. |
ANS: C OBJ: 18 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- Latoria is horseback riding when she falls and hits her head. After the accident, she has difficulty performing finely coordinated movements. Latoria has most likely damaged her
| a. | medulla oblongata. |
| b. | recticular formation. |
| c. | cerebellum. |
| d. | locus coeruleus. |
ANS: C OBJ: 19 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Blesdo keeps falling asleep at odd times. He is having trouble with arousal and attention. His doctors have ruled out sleep disorders and are now concentrating on certain brain structures. The one that is most likely malfunctioning is the
| a. | thalamus. |
| b. | reticular formation. |
| c. | substantia nigra. |
| d. | hippocampus. |
ANS: B OBJ: 19 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- While waiting to begin his college entrance exam, John becomes nervous. As a result, his medulla oblongata begins to functions differently. This will cause a change in his
| a. | emotional experience. |
| b. | balance and coordination. |
| c. | heart rate and breathing. |
| d. | memory. |
ANS: C OBJ: 19 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Herman suffers a stroke that destroys the connections between the reticular formation and the rest of his brain. Herman will most likely
| a. | be in a permanent coma. |
| b. | have increased activity in the locus coeruleus. |
| c. | lose automatic control of his heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. |
| d. | lose all reflexes. |
ANS: A OBJ: 19 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- After consuming a few alcoholic beverages, Sejal finds it hard to tie her shoes. This is most likely because the alcohol has affected her
| a. | corpus callosum. |
| b. | hypothalamus. |
| c. | cerebellum. |
| d. | hippocampus. |
ANS: C OBJ: 19 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Jerod was in an automobile accident and can no longer control his own heart rate or breathing. Jerod most likely has damage to his
| a. | cerebellum. |
| b. | hippocampus. |
| c. | amygdala. |
| d. | medulla oblongata. |
ANS: D OBJ: 19 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Andre was in a terrible car accident and had a serious head injury. As a result, he is now in a permanent coma. Andre most likely has damage to his
| a. | cerebellum. |
| b. | hypothalamus. |
| c. | corpus callosum. |
| d. | reticular formation. |
ANS: D OBJ: 19 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Trisha is gradually developing an impairment in her ability to perform finely coordinated movements, such as cutting a clove of garlic into very small pieces. Doctors will probably discover a problem in her
| a. | medulla oblongata. |
| b. | hypothalamus. |
| c. | cerebellum. |
| d. | amygdala. |
ANS: C OBJ: 19 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- During a recent study session, your friend asks you to explain what the locus coeruleus does. You explain the locus coeruleus is part of the hindbrain responsible for
| a. | emotional response. |
| b. | sexual arousal. |
| c. | balance. |
| d. | directing attention. |
ANS: D OBJ: 19 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- Damage to the locus coeruleus has been linked to all of the following except
| a. | posttraumatic stress disorder. |
| b. | attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. |
| c. | memory loss. |
| d. | depression. |
ANS: C OBJ: 19 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- When a balloon pops near Tyler’s head, the circuits in his __________ cause him to reflexively turn his head toward the source of the startling noise.
| a. | hindbrain |
| b. | midbrain |
| c. | forebrain |
| d. | lateral brain |
ANS: B OBJ: 20 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- After an accident, Stella was left with brain damage. Now Stella has trouble judging the emotions of others, even when she can see their facial expressions. Stella has most likely damaged her
| a. | cerebellum. |
| b. | amygdala. |
| c. | hypothalamus. |
| d. | thalamus. |
ANS: B OBJ: 21 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Travis’s hypothalamus was injured in an accident. Travis will have trouble regulating all of the following except his
| a. | sex drive. |
| b. | weight. |
| c. | breathing. |
| d. | biological rhythms. |
ANS: C OBJ: 21 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Bert and Ernie have very different sleeping patterns. Bert always wakes up early in the morning, but he starts to get tired early in the evening. Ernie, on the other hand, prefers to stay up late and then sleep until noon. Bert and Ernie’s different sleeping preferences are most likely due to their
| a. | thalamus. |
| b. | amygdala. |
| c. | suprachiasmatic nuclei. |
| d. | corpus callosum. |
ANS: C OBJ: 21 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- After a freak boating accident, Arlo’s hippocampus was lost at sea. Although he has recovered in all other respects, Arlo will have difficulty
| a. | forming new memories of events after the accident. |
| b. | speaking fluently in his native language. |
| c. | making controlled, purposeful movements. |
| d. | smiling. |
ANS: A OBJ: 21 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- After an evil scientist destroys part of Patrick’s brain, Patrick finds that he is constantly hungry and he eats much more than before. The scientist destroyed Patrick’s
| a. | amygdala. |
| b. | hypothalamus. |
| c. | thalamus. |
| d. | hippocampus. |
ANS: B OBJ: 21 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Recent animal studies have shown that removal of the hippocampus several days after a mildly painful experience will not erase the memory of the experience. This evidence suggests that
| a. | the hippocampus is necessary only for long-term memory. |
| b. | the hippocampus is not necessary for forming new memories. |
| c. | memories are transferred and stored somewhere other than the hippocampus. |
| d. | memories of pain are stored in different areas of the brain than other memories. |
ANS: C OBJ: 21 KEY: Analysis MSC: F
- After a freak accident involving a falling piano, Dr. Diart informs you that you have sustained damage to your limbic system. Which of the following functions will be most affected?
| a. | Emotion |
| b. | Vision |
| c. | Intelligence |
| d. | Perception |
ANS: A OBJ: 21 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Suppose that you have just been abducted by aliens from the planet Zeebo. The Zeeboians are very interested in life on Earth, and one of them asks you how humans are different from other species. In terms of brain anatomy, which of the following structures would you say best differentiates humans from the so-called lower species?
| a. | Reticular formation |
| b. | Cerebral cortex |
| c. | Cerebellum |
| d. | Medulla oblongata |
ANS: B OBJ: 23 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- When Cade was tackled during a football game, he hit the back of his head on the turf, which resulted in a concussion. Cade now has trouble with his vision. Cade most likely injured his __________ lobe.
| a. | frontal |
| b. | parietal |
| c. | temporal |
| d. | occipital |
ANS: D OBJ: 23 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Veronica bent over in her garden to pick a squash but bumped her head on a fence post and passed out. When she came to, she could not let go of the squash in her left hand; the hand would not open or close. She most likely injured cells in her __________ lobe.
| a. | right frontal |
| b. | left frontal |
| c. | right parietal |
| d. | left parietal |
ANS: A OBJ: 23 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Luke is learning to play the guitar. Recent research suggests that the organization of Luke’s somatosensory cortex may change to allow more of the neurons there to respond to touch. Which lobe of Luke’s cerebral cortex contains the somatosensory cortex?
| a. | Frontal |
| b. | Parietal |
| c. | Temporal |
| d. | Occipital |
ANS: B OBJ: 23 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- In the brain’s motor cortex, the region of cells responsible for moving the index finger of the right hand is near the region that moves the
| a. | right ring finger. |
| b. | upper lip. |
| c. | right foot. |
| d. | left thumb. |
ANS: A OBJ: 24 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- If you were to prick yourself with a pin in the following sets of locations, which would cause neural firing closest together in your somatosensory cortex?
| a. | Foot and ear |
| b. | Knee and scalp |
| c. | Shoulder and big toe |
| d. | Hand and forearm |
ANS: D OBJ: 24 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- If the person sitting beside you were to tap your shoulder, neurons in __________ would become active in response to the tap.
| a. | Wernicke’s area |
| b. | the occipital lobe |
| c. | the motor cortex |
| d. | the somatosensory cortex |
ANS: D OBJ: 24 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- Voshon is programming a computer to “think” like humans. His big challenge is to get the computer to integrate information from a variety of sources and relate this information (words and images) to abstract concepts. What area of the cerebral cortex accomplishes these tasks for humans?
| a. | Association cortex |
| b. | Sensory cortex |
| c. | Somatosensory cortex |
| d. | Integrative cortex |
ANS: A OBJ: 25 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Just before the glee club performance at Regionals, Finn Hudson receives damage to his association cortex during a football game. At glee club practice, he sings “The baby is a fortitude. Ice is calling.” Finn must have received damage to his
| a. | Wernicke’s area. |
| b. | Broca’s area. |
| c. | thalamus. |
| d. | hypothalamus. |
ANS: A OBJ: 25 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- After a stroke, Juanita has great difficulty with speech. Words come slowly and haltingly, and her speech is often grammatically incorrect. The stroke probably damaged
| a. | Wernicke’s area. |
| b. | Broca’s area. |
| c. | the cerebellum. |
| d. | the hippocampus. |
ANS: B OBJ: 25 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- A neurologist is examining a patient and asks him, “What sound does a lion make?” The patient replies, “Lion…he roar.” What region of the patient’s brain is most likely damaged?
| a. | Wernicke’s area |
| b. | The motor cortex |
| c. | Broca’s area |
| d. | Wundt’s area |
ANS: C OBJ: 25 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Tyra has a brain tumor that affects her language capabilities. When Tyra’s doctor asks her about a picture of a bird, Tyra responds, “Wings in the sky fly high. Soar through air with a suitcase.” Tyra’s fluent but confused response indicates that she most likely suffers from
| a. | Wernicke’s aphasia. |
| b. | Huntington’s disease. |
| c. | Broca’s aphasia. |
| d. | Parkinson’s disease. |
ANS: A OBJ: 25 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Jerry is playing a video game. He sees a bad guy on the screen that he is supposed to zap by pushing buttons A and B simultaneously. Jerry is able to coordinate vision with his hand movements due to his __________ cortex.
| a. | sensory |
| b. | temporal |
| c. | motor |
| d. | association |
ANS: D OBJ: 25 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Wayne was injured when a rotary saw blade was accidentally used in a game of Frisbee golf. Wayne seemed all right, except for a large vertical cut through the middle of his skull. However, when he was asked to place his left hand into his left pocket and verbally describe the contents, he couldn’t. Having taken introductory psychology, his friend Garth deduced, “Wayne’s __________ must be cut!”
| a. | hypothalamus |
| b. | occipital lobe |
| c. | corpus callosum |
| d. | frontal lobe |
ANS: C OBJ: 26 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Adrian is recovering from a skiing accident. When an apple is shown to his left cerebral hemisphere, he can name it, but when shown to the right hemisphere, he cannot explain it. Adrian most likely damaged his __________ in the accident.
| a. | locus coeruleus |
| b. | suprachiasmatic nuclei |
| c. | reticular formation |
| d. | corpus callosum |
ANS: D OBJ: 26 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- The two hemispheres of the brain sometimes perform different tasks (lateral dominance). However, information is passed back and forth between hemispheres so that the brain can function as a whole. This interhemispheric communication depends on the
| a. | association cortex. |
| b. | thalamus. |
| c. | somatosensory cortex. |
| d. | corpus callosum. |
ANS: D OBJ: 26 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- Juan had his corpus callosum severed to prevent whole-brain seizures. He sits in front of a screen and stares at a dot in the middle, while simple visual stimuli are flashed briefly to the left and right of the dot. Juan would
| a. | be able to name stimuli on the left, but not on the right. |
| b. | be able to name stimuli on the right, but not on the left. |
| c. | not be able to name any of the stimuli. |
| d. | be able to name all of the stimuli. |
ANS: B OBJ: 26 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Jacob had severe epilepsy, so a surgeon cut through his corpus callosum to prevent seizures from crossing to the other side of Jacob’s brain. After surgery, if Jacob sees a picture of a ball in his left visual field, he cannot
| a. | choose a ball from among several objects with his right hand. |
| b. | spell out “BALL” with letter magnets. |
| c. | make a throwing motion with his right hand. |
| d. | correctly identify the ball in words. |
ANS: D OBJ: 26 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- Suppose that the left hemisphere of Jamal’s brain is damaged, but the right hemisphere is left intact. Jamal would be most likely to experience a deficit in his ability to
| a. | compose new songs on his piano. |
| b. | feel an insect bite his left hand. |
| c. | converse with friends. |
| d. | follow a map. |
ANS: C OBJ: 27 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Identifying certain types of brain functions (language skills, for instance) as lateralized means that
| a. | areas responsible for these functions are located at a uniform depth throughout the cerebral cortex. |
| b. | all human beings possess the ability to perform these functions. |
| c. | the entire cerebrum is involved in performing these functions. |
| d. | they are performed most efficiently by one or the other of the two cerebral hemispheres. |
ANS: D OBJ: 27 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- The right hemisphere gets information from the __________ side of the body and has better __________ abilities than the left hemisphere.
| a. | left; logical |
| b. | right; language |
| c. | left; spatial |
| d. | right; artistic |
CHAPTER 4 Consciousness
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- Your mother asks you to pick up a book at the library that explores the awareness of the outside world and one’s own mental activity. If you want to pick up the correct book, you should make sure the book focuses on exploring all aspects of
| a. | consciousness. |
| b. | hypnosis. |
| c. | meditation. |
| d. | priming. |
ANS: A OBJ: 1 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- The definition of consciousness would contain all of the following except
| a. | an awareness of internal mental activity. |
| b. | the function and structure of cognition. |
| c. | mental processes of which people are unaware. |
| d. | an awareness of external stimuli. |
ANS: B OBJ: 1 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- Cognitive neuroscientists are interested in using neuroimaging techniques to differentiate between thoughts that take place both above and below a person’s awareness. In other words, cognitive neuroscientists are studying
| a. | personality. |
| b. | consciousness. |
| c. | intelligence. |
| d. | sensation. |
ANS: B OBJ: 1 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: F
- A faith healer claims to cure cancer by asking people to become aware of their livers and to control the liver’s removal of impurities from the bloodstream. You know that this is impossible because the activities of the liver occur at the __________ level.
| a. | preconscious |
| b. | nonconscious |
| c. | unconscious |
| d. | metaconscious |
ANS: B OBJ: 3 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Art says he can feel the wheels in his mind turning when he is thinking. Of course, he cannot actually sense the activity in his brain because it occurs at the __________ level.
| a. | subconscious |
| b. | unconscious |
| c. | nonconscious |
| d. | preconscious |
ANS: C OBJ: 3 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- As Desmond puts on his glasses in the morning, he is keenly aware of the sensation of the frames touching his nose. However, as the day goes on and he gets absorbed in other activities, the sensation of his glasses resting on his nose fades from his awareness. At this point, the sensations of the glasses on Aaron’s nose are
| a. | conscious. |
| b. | preconscious. |
| c. | unconscious. |
| d. | subconscious. |
ANS: B OBJ: 3 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- While reading her psychology book in her room on Saturday morning, Lakeisha remembered how much fun class was the day before. Lakeisha’s memory of her class was in what level of awareness before she started reading?
| a. | Conscious |
| b. | Preconscious |
| c. | Subconscious |
| d. | Nonconscious |
ANS: B OBJ: 3 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- While appearing on the game show The Weakest Link, Helen tries to remember the answer to a Greek literature question. She successfully remembers that the answer is Euripides. When Helen calls out the answer to the host, the information is at the __________ level of consciousness.
| a. | conscious |
| b. | nonconscious |
| c. | preconscious |
| d. | unconscious |
ANS: A OBJ: 3 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Judy is an avid cyclist. She often likes to ride her bicycle after work to unwind. One evening, while reflecting on her day, she realizes that she has broken her normal leg rhythm. This perception of her leg movements is now being processed by Judy at the __________ level.
| a. | preconscious |
| b. | unconscious |
| c. | conscious |
| d. | nonconscious |
ANS: C OBJ: 3 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Cartman is unaware that he is having inappropriate thoughts about how to kill Kenny. Freud would explain that these thoughts occur at a(n) __________ level of consciousness.
| a. | nonconscious |
| b. | preconscious |
| c. | unconscious |
| d. | superconscious |
ANS: C OBJ: 3 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- You call up a potential date and get an answering machine message. In leaving your message, you mean to say “I’d like to see you,” but instead say “I’d like to feel you.” This Freudian slip is caused by impulses originating in the
| a. | preconscious. |
| b. | unconscious. |
| c. | nonconscious. |
| d. | subconscious. |
ANS: B OBJ: 3 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- Silas participated in a psychology experiment in which he was shown a series of word pairs and was asked to rate them on the basis of how well they fit together. Two days later, he was shown the same pairs of words, but this time one of the words in the pair was missing. Nevertheless, Silas could remember almost all the missing words even though he was not asked to remember them. The type of study that he participated in was most likely interested in the effects of
| a. | priming. |
| b. | heuristics. |
| c. | the law of effect. |
| d. | perceptual organization. |
ANS: A OBJ: 4 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Jess memorized a list of words. One week later, he was asked to write as many of the words as he could remember, but he could remember only a few of the words. Then Jess was asked to fill in the missing letters of word fragments. Some of the words on this task were from the list he had been asked to memorize a week ago, and some were not. Jess filled in the blanks of the words he had seen a week ago faster and more accurately, compared to words that had not been on the list. This study demonstrates the effect of
| a. | parallel distributed processing. |
| b. | mnemonic strategies. |
| c. | priming. |
| d. | mental models. |
ANS: C OBJ: 4 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- On the computer, Demetrius is presented with pictures of birds below his conscious awareness. Then Demetrius is presented with a second set of pictures, including birds, dogs, and airplanes. He is asked to call out what he sees in each picture. According to priming experiments, Demetrius should call out
| a. | more rapidly to bird pictures. |
| b. | with equal speed to bird and airplane pictures. |
| c. | with equal speed to all pictures. |
| d. | slowest to bird pictures. |
ANS: A OBJ: 4 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- According to the concept of priming, which of the following is most likely to be the result of flashing the picture of a Coke bottle on a computer monitor too briefly for a viewer to notice?
| a. | There is going to be no effect because the viewer is unaware of the event. |
| b. | The viewer will recognize related words (e.g., diet, Pepsi, Dr. Pepper) more quickly than unrelated words (e.g., computer, pencil) on a test a few seconds later. |
| c. | There will be faster recognition of related words if the viewer is in an altered state of consciousness. |
| d. | With repeated exposure, the viewer will become a Coke drinker. |
ANS: B OBJ: 4 | 5 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- According to the research cited in your text, at __________ of consciousness do backward messages in music affect listeners.
| a. | no level |
| b. | the preconscious |
| c. | the subconscious |
| d. | the unconscious |
ANS: A OBJ: 5 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- Chang listens to music by Live Bait that is supposed to contain the backward message, “It is fun to read my psychology textbook.” If Chang’s experience is consistent with the research on subliminal messages, how will he be affected?
| a. | He will be able to quote the message, but he will not be affected. |
| b. | He will not be able to quote the message, but he will feel compelled to read his psychology textbook. |
| c. | He will be able to quote the message, and he will read his psychology textbook more. |
| d. | He will not be able to quote the message and he will not be affected by the message. |
ANS: D OBJ: 5 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Melvin is engrossed in his psychology textbook, so much so that he can ignore his neighbor’s radio and the teakettle whistling on the stove. Melvin is most likely in a(n) __________ state of consciousness.
| a. | altered |
| b. | passive |
| c. | active |
| d. | waking |
ANS: D OBJ: 7 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- When your mental processes are sufficiently different from normal waking experience that you or an observer notice significant behavior changes, you are in a(n) __________ state of consciousness.
| a. | nonconscious |
| b. | preconscious |
| c. | altered |
| d. | hallucinogenic |
ANS: C OBJ: 7 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- A middle-aged man accosts you in a campus building and insists on telling you that several horses must have gotten into the building because he can hear them whinnying wherever he goes. This man is probably suffering from
| a. | abnormal excitement. |
| b. | a hallucination. |
| c. | a delusion. |
| d. | disorientation. |
ANS: B OBJ: 7 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- A sensory experience in the absence of the appropriate external stimuli is known as a(n)
| a. | delusion. |
| b. | obsession. |
| c. | hallucination. |
| d. | compulsion. |
ANS: C OBJ: 7 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- John, Paul, George, and Ringo are hooked up to electroencephalographs. John is in stage 3 sleep. Paul is also asleep, but he is dreaming. George just fell asleep a few minutes ago and is in stage 1 sleep. Ringo cannot fall asleep and is awake and mentally active. Whose EEG will look different than those produced by the other three?
| a. | John |
| b. | Paul |
| c. | George |
| d. | Ringo |
ANS: A OBJ: 8 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- After Merton has been sleeping for about ninety minutes, his heart begins to beat faster, his breathing grows fast and irregular, and his closed eyes begin to move back and forth. Merton is most likely experiencing
| a. | a night terror. |
| b. | REM sleep. |
| c. | sleep apnea. |
| d. | stage 4 sleep. |
ANS: B OBJ: 8 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Sing Tung is given a new drug. As a result, his normal sleep cycle is altered. He moves from stage 0 to stages 1-2-3-4 and then abruptly awakens. The experimenter has recorded his brain activity. Which of the following is not characteristic of Sing Tung’s altered sleep cycle?
| a. | A great deal of dream activity was present. |
| b. | Some alpha waves were present. |
| c. | Many high amplitude, slow brain waves were present. |
| d. | Muscle tone was similar to the awake stage. |
ANS: A OBJ: 8 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Which of the following is not a characteristic of REM sleep?
| a. | Lowered blood pressure compared to other stages of sleep |
| b. | Twitchy spasms in the face and hands |
| c. | Loss of muscle tone to the point of near paralysis |
| d. | Dreaming |
ANS: A OBJ: 8 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- In REM sleep, the EEG resembles that of a person who is awake and mentally active, but
| a. | the person’s blood pressure is low and the heartbeat is calm. |
| b. | the person’s chances of dreaming are very slight. |
| c. | it is very difficult to rouse the person. |
| d. | the person’s muscle tone decreases to the point of virtual paralysis. |
ANS: D OBJ: 8 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- Which of the following people is most likely experiencing REM sleep?
| a. | Paul, who just fell asleep |
| b. | Ace, who is sleepwalking and sleeptalking |
| c. | Gene, who is paralyzed because of his stage of sleep |
| d. | Peter, whose EEG is dominated by very slow brain waves |
ANS: C OBJ: 8 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Elvira has just bought a dream interpretation book and is very excited about trying to interpret her own dreams. When Elvira goes to sleep, she will be more likely to experience dreaming __________ in the night during __________ sleep.
| a. | early; REM |
| b. | late; REM |
| c. | early; non-REM |
| d. | late; non-REM |
ANS: B OBJ: 8 | 9 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Late at night, you see Steve Gutenberg on an infomercial talking about some sleeping aid and how important REM sleep is for daily functioning. Steve says that all of the following are characteristics of REM sleep except that
| a. | it occurs more frequently later in the sleep cycle. |
| b. | more REM sleep is needed as one’s age increases. |
| c. | one’s EEG resembles that of a person who is awake. |
| d. | the body’s muscles are nearly paralyzed. |
ANS: B OBJ: 8 | 9 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- Which of the following is true of sleep?
| a. | Most of the night is spent in the deepest level of sleep (stage 4). |
| b. | One spends an hour or two at each stage in turn, spending the last few hours at stage 4 and then at REM. |
| c. | One passes through all stages of sleep, including REM, several times in a normal night. |
| d. | One goes through stages 1, 2, 3, and 4, in order, then alternates randomly between stages 1, 2, and 3. |
ANS: C OBJ: 9 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- Ozlem is flying from Chicago to Paris and she will be coming back after a week. Her symptoms of jet lag will
| a. | be worse when she arrives in Paris (eastward travel). |
| b. | be worse on her return to Chicago (westward travel). |
| c. | be equally bad in Paris and Chicago. |
| d. | depend on whether she will have any north-to-south connecting flights. |
ANS: A OBJ: 11 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- Kira has been having trouble with her sleeping and eating patterns lately. Sometimes she sleeps from midnight until 6 a.m.; sometimes from noon until 7 p.m. She also eats at radically different times during the day. Her doctor should suspect that she is deficient in what hormone?
| a. | Testosterone |
| b. | Progesterone |
| c. | Melatonin |
| d. | Balthocin |
ANS: C OBJ: 11 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- Austin Powers travels from California to New York, chasing Dr. Evil across the country. Austin then experiences fatigue, irritability, inattention, and sleeping problems due to the disruption of his __________, which caused __________.
| a. | sleep stages; narcolepsy |
| b. | lucid dreaming; jet lag |
| c. | circadian rhythms; sleep apnea |
| d. | circadian rhythms; jet lag |
ANS: D OBJ: 11 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- Which of the following is not a theory of why we sleep?
| a. | Sleep provides a time to process new learning. |
| b. | Sleep provides time for the body to restore norepinephrine sensitivity. |
| c. | Sleep facilitates brain development, especially in infancy. |
| d. | Sleep provides time alone, away from social interaction. |
ANS: D OBJ: 12 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- Marcello has finished studying for a test. As he prepares to go to sleep, he wants to remember what he studied tonight when he takes the test tomorrow. To best meet his needs, he should
| a. | have a friend awaken him each time he goes into non-REM sleep. |
| b. | be sure that he has a lucid dream. |
| c. | avoid stage 2 sleep. |
| d. | experience as much REM sleep as possible. |
ANS: D OBJ: 12 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- Which of the following statements about sleep deprivation is false?
| a. | A person who goes without sleep for one week risks permanent brain damage. |
| b. | Without sleep, people are less likely to retain skills that they learned during the day. |
| c. | Sleep deprivation raises the level of norepinephrine in the brain. |
| d. | Fatigue may be the primary cause of up to 25 percent of all auto accidents. |
ANS: A OBJ: 12 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- REM sleep is beneficial because the locus coeruleus is __________ during that sleep stage, and this improves the functioning of neurons that use __________ in the brain.
| a. | active; norepinephrine |
| b. | active glutamate |
| c. | inactive; norepinephrine |
| d. | inactive; glutamate |
ANS: C OBJ: 12 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- When people are deprived of __________ sleep, they compensate for the loss directly and show a rebound effect to recover from the loss.
| a. | quiet |
| b. | REM |
| c. | stage 4 |
| d. | stage 3 |
ANS: B OBJ: 12 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- About three hours into her night’s sleep, Suzanne awakens with leg cramps. This happens periodically throughout the night, causing her to become sleep deprived. Suzanne will most likely
| a. | experience more REM sleep the following night. |
| b. | show signs of daytime narcolepsy. |
| c. | develop chronic hypersomnia. |
| d. | suffer from sleep apnea. |
ANS: A OBJ: 12 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- During the school year, Jim spent a lot of time learning new things, but during the summer, he had a monotonous job and didn’t engage in any mentally stimulating activity. His sleeping habits were the same all year, but based on research done with rats, Jim is likely to spend __________ time in REM sleep during the __________.
| a. | more; school year |
| b. | less; school year |
| c. | about the same amount of; school year and the summer |
| d. | almost no; school year or the summer |
ANS: A OBJ: 12 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Dr. Gates strongly advises Aaron and Brielle to make sure their infant does not sleep face down on soft surfaces. She states that that sleeping position has been highly correlated with a fatal infant disorder known as __________, even though exposure to cigarette smoke and genetic factors are also potential causes.
| a. | night tremors |
| b. | SIDS |
| c. | DID |
| d. | sleep apnea |
ANS: B OBJ: 10 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- If proper precautions or treatments are not taken, which of the following sleep disorders is most likely to be fatal?
| a. | SIDS |
| b. | Sleepwalking |
| c. | Narcolepsy |
| d. | REM behavior disorder |
ANS: A OBJ: 10 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- You see a therapist because you have been suffering from insomnia for the past two months. The therapist discusses learning-based treatments that may help you, including
| a. | sleeping pills. |
| b. | progressive relaxation training. |
| c. | use of a nasal mask during sleep. |
| d. | weight loss. |
ANS: B OBJ: 10 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- During the day, Edward feels groggy and disjointed. As a result, he finds it difficult to focus on his job. However, when he tries to go to sleep at night, Edward is often wide awake. If this persists, Edward may be experiencing
| a. | insomnia. |
| b. | sleep apnea. |
| c. | narcolepsy. |
| d. | sleep terror disorder. |
ANS: A OBJ: 10 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Nikita suffers from a condition in which she is constantly awakened because she stops breathing when she sleeps. Nikita probably suffers from
| a. | narcolepsy. |
| b. | sleep apnea. |
| c. | REM behavior disorder. |
| d. | hypersomnia. |
ANS: B OBJ: 10 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Jed feels tired all day long and can’t focus very well at work. At a sleep institute, he is told that he actually stops breathing many times throughout the night. Jed has
| a. | sleep apnea. |
| b. | narcolepsy. |
| c. | REM behavior disorder. |
| d. | SIDS. |
ANS: A OBJ: 10 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- “I’ve got a joke for all of you,” Rallo announces to a group of friends. “How many psychologists does it take to change a light bulb?” Before he can reveal the answer, Rallo suddenly falls asleep. Rallo must be suffering from
| a. | narcolepsy. |
| b. | REM behavior disorder. |
| c. | sleep apnea. |
| d. | circadian rhythm disorders. |
ANS: A OBJ: 10 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Which of the following conditions, if left untreated, would you be most likely to detect in one of your instructors if your only contact with your instructor was in class?
| a. | Sleep terror disorder |
| b. | Sleep apnea |
| c. | Narcolepsy |
| d. | REM behavior disorder |
ANS: C OBJ: 10 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- Bart awoke screaming, shaking, and sweating, and his heart was beating rapidly. Homer and Marge, being good parents, had Bart hooked up to an electroencephalograph. Checking Bart’s EEG, they noted that Bart was in stage 4 sleep just before he awoke. From this information, they felt confident in saying that Bart had just experienced
| a. | a nightmare. |
| b. | sleep terror disorder. |
| c. | a lucid dream. |
| d. | an episode of sleep apnea. |
ANS: B OBJ: 10 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Marsha lets out blood-curdling screams in the middle of the night, sits up in bed, and is seemingly inconsolable by her parents. In the morning, she doesn’t remember having behaved this way. Marsha is most likely suffering from
| a. | nightmares. |
| b. | sleep terror disorder. |
| c. | REM behavior disorder. |
| d. | sleep walking. |
ANS: B OBJ: 10 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Jonathan has a terrible dream in which he’s being strangled by the tentacles of an octopus. When he wakes up, Jonathan remembers the frightening dream very well and immediately writes about it in his sleep journal. Jonathan appears to be experiencing
| a. | a nightmare. |
| b. | sleep apnea. |
| c. | REM behavior disorder. |
| d. | sleep terror disorder. |
ANS: A OBJ: 10 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- People who experience posttraumatic stress disorder are at high risk of experiencing __________, which occur(s) during REM sleep and may be treatable with imagery therapy.
| a. | sleep terror disorder |
| b. | insomnia |
| c. | sleepwalking |
| d. | nightmares |
ANS: D OBJ: 10 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- If muscles are in a state of near-paralysis during REM sleep, then how is sleepwalking possible?
| a. | Dreams allow us to overcome motor paralysis. |
| b. | Sleepwalkers are actually awake, but in a hypnotic state. |
| c. | Most sleepwalkers are suffering from REM behavior disorder. |
| d. | Sleepwalking usually occurs in non-REM sleep. |
ANS: D OBJ: 10 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: F
- Fred, Barney, George, and Bart are ten years old, and each suffers from a different sleep disorder. Fred occasionally shifts suddenly during the day from a normal waking state into several minutes of sleep, during which time he has very little muscle tone and is effectively immobile. Barney walks in his sleep (but does nothing else), while George sometimes moves to act out his dreams. Bart has nightmares (not sleep terror disorder). Who is least likely to be in the REM stage of sleep when he exhibits his symptoms?
| a. | Fred |
| b. | Barney |
| c. | George |
| d. | Bart |
ANS: B OBJ: 10 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- While dreaming that she is riding a bicycle, Millie actually moves around in bed making arm and leg motions similar to those of a cyclist. Apparently, Millie suffers from
| a. | jet lag. |
| b. | sleep apnea. |
| c. | REM behavior disorder. |
| d. | nothing—this is normal behavior for such a dream. |
ANS: C OBJ: 10 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Homer is awakened suddenly because Marge, his wife, is choking him! Marge explains that she was dreaming about defending herself from the Princess of Bad Taste: Scary Spice. Homer is not mad; rather he is concerned that Marge may be suffering from
| a. | sleep terror disorder. |
| b. | narcolepsy. |
| c. | sleep apnea. |
| d. | REM behavior disorder. |
ANS: D OBJ: 10 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Desiree is having a dream in which she is being chased by all four Teletubbies, who are waving large knives at her. “I’ve got to wake up; this is only a dream,” Desiree tells herself while she is in the middle of this dream. Desiree is experiencing
| a. | REM behavior disorder. |
| b. | lucid dreaming. |
| c. | sleep terror disorder. |
| d. | wish fulfillment. |
ANS: B OBJ: 13 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Jacob is dreaming. If this is all the information that you have, you can state that Jacob
| a. | is definitely in REM sleep. |
| b. | is not in REM sleep. |
| c. | is probably in REM sleep. |
| d. | probably has sleep terror disorder. |
ANS: C OBJ: 13 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- The night before the Psych 100 midterm, Mehmet had a dream where he saw himself being chased by his Psych 100 instructor. He believes that this was some random byproduct of his REM sleep. Mehmet probably believes in the __________ theory of dreams.
| a. | wish fulfillment |
| b. | activation-synthesis |
| c. | state |
| d. | dissociation |
ANS: B OBJ: 14 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Freud, who believed that dreams are “the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious mind,” would probably have disagreed with the activation-synthesis hypothesis because
| a. | he was a chronic insomniac. |
| b. | he did not do sleep research and record brain waves. |
| c. | he did not focus on dreams as physiological events. |
| d. | his patients could remember dreams only under hypnosis. |
ANS: C OBJ: 14 KEY: Analysis MSC: C/A
- This theory postulates that dreams are meaningless random byproducts of REM sleep.
| a. | Problem-solving |
| b. | Anxiety reduction |
| c. | Wish fulfillment |
| d. | Activation-synthesis |
ANS: D OBJ: 14 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- Roy tells his friends Helen and Joe about the dream he had. He dreamed that trains were zooming into tunnels and rockets were firing! Helen tells Roy that his dream is only a meaningless, random byproduct of REM sleep, while Joe tells Roy that his dream is a way of satisfying his unconscious urges. Helen is taking the __________ perspective, while Joe is taking the __________ perspective on dreaming.
| a. | activation-synthesis theory; wish fulfillment |
| b. | wish fulfillment; activation-synthesis theory |
| c. | lucid dreaming; mesmerism |
| d. | mesmerism; lucid dreaming |
ANS: A OBJ: 14 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Dr. Huanca hypnotizes Travaughn and then tells him that from now on, whenever he feels the urge to smoke a cigarette, he will get up and get a glass of water instead. This instruction is an example of
| a. | hypnotic induction. |
| b. | posthypnotic suggestion. |
| c. | symptom substitution. |
| d. | hypnotic replacement therapy. |
ANS: B OBJ: 15 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Jocelyn, an excellent hypnotic subject, has been instructed under hypnosis to relive her birthday party when she turned six years old. Jocelyn will most likely
| a. | calmly describe in a detached manner the events that occurred. |
| b. | act as though she were six years old, but the memories of the event will still be obscure. |
| c. | act as though she were six years old and describe the events as if she were currently experiencing them. |
| d. | not experience anything because hypnosis has been proven not to exist. |
ANS: C OBJ: 15 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- After being hypnotized in a therapy session, Juan says that he can’t remember what went on. This phenomenon is known as
| a. | retrograde amnesia. |
| b. | advanced hypnotic susceptibility. |
| c. | posthypnotic suggestion. |
| d. | posthypnotic amnesia. |
ANS: D OBJ: 15 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Twenty-eight year-old Stephanie scores high on a test of hypnotic susceptibility. Research suggests that Stephanie also
| a. | has below average intelligence. |
| b. | processes information slowly. |
| c. | has a rich fantasy life. |
| d. | struggles to stay focused and ignore distractions. |
ANS: C OBJ: 15 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Who would make the best hypnotic subject?
| a. | Jerome, who very much wants to be hypnotized |
| b. | Sally, who has had very little education |
| c. | Carmello, who believes that the hypnotist is a fraud |
| d. | Nadia, who is extremely intelligent |
ANS: A OBJ: 15 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- Edna was hypnotized by the Amazing Orlando. As a result, Edna shows marked changes in her behavior. We could expect to see Edna show
| a. | increased planfulness. |
| b. | no change in her attention. |
| c. | an enhanced ability to fantasize. |
| d. | increased reality testing. |
ANS: C OBJ: 16 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Carlos’s hypnotist suggests that Carlos is sitting on a beach near the ocean. Although they are in central Illinois, Carlos reports that he can hear the sound of the waves pounding against the shore. This is characteristic of what kind of hypnotic behavior?
| a. | Posthypnotic amnesia |
| b. | Reduced reality testing |
| c. | Redistributed attention |
| d. | Reduced planfulness |
ANS: B OBJ: 16 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Nikki is hypnotized. “You are now a chimpanzee,” the hypnotist says. Nikki hops around the stage, swinging from chair to chair and making monkey-like calls. Which change typical of hypnosis is Nikki exhibiting?
| a. | Age regression |
| b. | Redistributed attention |
| c. | Posthypnotic amnesia |
| d. | Increased role taking |
ANS: D OBJ: 16 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Devon has been hypnotized. She is least likely to
| a. | initiate actions independently of the hypnotist’s instructions. |
| b. | fantasize. |
| c. | follow requests made of her by the hypnotist. |
| d. | ignore everything except the hypnotist’s voice and the things the hypnotist points out. |
ANS: A OBJ: 16 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Svengali puts his subject, Trilby, under a hypnotic spell. We can expect that while hypnotized, Trilby will ignore everything but Svengali’s voice. In other words, Trilby is experiencing
| a. | posthypnotic amnesia. |
| b. | a mantra. |
| c. | redistributed attention. |
| d. | increased role-taking tendencies. |
ANS: C OBJ: 16 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Torean is a psychologist who uses hypnosis with his patients. He believes that processes normally under our control are temporarily separated in consciousness and can occur on their own, but that people ultimately decide how to act while under hypnosis. Torean supports the __________ theory of hypnosis.
| a. | role |
| b. | state |
| c. | dualist |
| d. | dissociation |
ANS: D OBJ: 17 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Reese is a hypnotist and believes strongly that he can produce an altered state of consciousness in people; therefore, he believes in the __________ theory of hypnosis.
| a. | wish fulfillment |
| b. | dissociation |
| c. | role |
| d. | state |
ANS: D OBJ: 17 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- A group of people were hypnotized and a second group simulated being hypnotized. Both groups were told to retie their shoes when they heard the phrase “be careful.” The group simulating hypnosis retied their shoes only when the hypnotist said “be careful,” but the hypnotized group retied their shoes no matter who said “be careful.” In this example, which theory of hypnosis was supported?
| a. | Role |
| b. | State |
| c. | Engagement |
| d. | Activation-synthesis |
ANS: B OBJ: 17 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- Gwendolyn and George attended the famous Dr. Shelmadine’s “Hypnotism Show.” Gwendolyn thought it was an amazing demonstration of altered consciousness and marveled at how the hypnotized participants did exactly what Dr. Shelmadine told them to and were not embarrassed or uncomfortable. George disagreed; he believed the participants were just going along with Dr. Shelmadine’s suggestions because they thought they should. Gwendolyn’s view is most like the __________ theory of hypnosis, George’s is most like the __________ theory.
| a. | role; state |
| b. | state; role |
| c. | role; dissociation |
| d. | dissociation; role |
ANS: B OBJ: 17 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Tiffany was hypnotized. Afterward, she said that she felt as though some part of her “split off” and agreed to give some control of her thought processes to the hypnotist. What theory of hypnosis best fits her experience?
| a. | Role theory |
| b. | Dissociation theory |
| c. | State theory |
| d. | Alter theory |
ANS: B OBJ: 17 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- A team of Hungarian hypnotists called the Hungary Hungary Hypnos claim that they are successful because their participants are complying with social demands and following the suggestions given to them. The Hungary Hungary Hypnos must believe in the __________ theory of hypnosis.
| a. | role |
| b. | state |
| c. | dissociation |
| d. | activation-synthesis |
ANS: A OBJ: 17 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Using hypnosis to retrieve information from a person’s past is controversial because
| a. | true memories are replaced by imagining and acting out past actions. |
| b. | people’s confidence in hypnosis may prompt them to unintentionally distort information or inaccurately reconstruct events. |
| c. | people’s recall becomes more accurate during hypnosis. |
| d. | some people have been unable to return from a state of age regression. |
ANS: B OBJ: 18 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- According to your textbook, which of the following has not been consistently demonstrated as an effective use of hypnosis?
| a. | Relief of pain from dental work |
| b. | Reduced nausea after chemotherapy |
| c. | Decreased bleeding during surgery |
| d. | Help with recovering repressed memories |
ANS: D OBJ: 18 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- Which of the following claims about the applications of hypnosis is most controversial?
| a. | Hypnotic age regression is an effective means of recovering lost memories. |
| b. | Hypnosis is the only anesthetic some people need to block the pain of some surgeries. |
| c. | Hypnosis can reduce the nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy. |
| d. | Hypnosis can reduce surgical bleeding. |
ANS: A OBJ: 18 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- You are watching a TV infomercial featuring a famous hypnotist. During her pitch, she makes four main statements about effective uses of hypnosis. Based on your thorough reading of the textbook, you know that one of the hypnotist’s claims is false. Which one is it?
| a. | Hypnosis has been used in an attempt to uncover events from a person’s past. |
| b. | Recall becomes more accurate under hypnosis. |
| c. | Hypnosis has been used to reduce nausea due to chemotherapy. |
| d. | Some doctors have used hypnosis to control the pain of childbirth and dental work. |
ANS: B OBJ: 18 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- Medea is experiencing a high level of stress and tries to create an altered state of consciousness where she will experience inner peace and tranquility. She does this by slowly repeating a soothing phrase to herself. Medea is using __________to reach a state of __________.
| a. | language; hypnosis |
| b. | language; dissociation |
| c. | a mantra; dissociation |
| d. | a mantra; meditation |
ANS: D OBJ: 19 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Which of the following benefits is least likely to result from your regular practice of meditation?
| a. | Increased self-esteem |
| b. | Decreased blood pressure |
| c. | Decreased anxiety level |
| d. | Increased need for sleep |
ANS: D OBJ: 19 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: F
- After reading about meditation in psychology, you decide to try it. Which of the following benefits is most likely to result from your regular practice of meditation?
| a. | Increased extrasensory perception |
| b. | Decreased anxiety |
| c. | Weight loss |
| d. | Greater physical strength |
ANS: B OBJ: 19 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: F
- When Fenesha broke her ankle, the doctor gave her a drug that eased her pain by binding with endorphin receptors. The drug that she took is an endorphin
| a. | agonist. |
| b. | antagonist. |
| c. | reuptake blocker. |
| d. | stimulant. |
ANS: A OBJ: 20 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Dr. Krain’s specialty is psychopharmacology. This means that she studies
| a. | psychoactive drugs. |
| b. | the interaction between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. |
| c. | abnormal behavior patterns. |
| d. | neurotransmitter systems. |
ANS: A OBJ: 20 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- Psychoactive drugs achieve their effects in all of the following ways except
| a. | mutating neurotransmitter receptors. |
| b. | blocking neurotransmitter receptors. |
| c. | altering the release of neurotransmitters. |
| d. | mimicking neurotransmitters. |
ANS: A OBJ: 20 KEY: Knowledge MSC: F
- Jules just invented a new drug that acts as an acetylcholine antagonist. This means that Jules’s new drug will
| a. | have the same effect as acetylcholine. |
| b. | block the acetylcholine receptors so acetylcholine will have no effect. |
| c. | block the reuptake of acetylcholine. |
| d. | stimulate the release of more acetylcholine. |
ANS: B OBJ: 20 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- Dr. Kosmo van Nostrand studies how psychoactive drugs affect the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier. This is known as the study of
| a. | psychopharmacology. |
| b. | object relations. |
| c. | social neuroscience. |
| d. | phenomenology. |
ANS: A OBJ: 20 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- Vanessa desperately wants to end her addiction to alcohol. Her doctor suggests that she start taking a drug that prevents neurotransmitters associated with alcohol to bind to receptors and have their usual effect. The doctor is suggesting a(n)
| a. | reuptake blocker. |
| b. | pre-agent. |
| c. | antagonist. |
| d. | agonist. |
ANS: C OBJ: 20 KEY: Application MSC: C/A
- Which of the following statements about drug abuse is false?
| a. | Psychological or physical dependence can lead to drug abuse. |
| b. | The definition of drug abuse can vary across cultures. |
| c. | Drug abuse involves the self-administration of a drug. |
| d. | A drug’s main effects may be accompanied by side effects. |
ANS: A OBJ: 21 KEY: Knowledge MSC: C/A
- Penelope has been drinking coffee for the past ten years. She says she needs the caffeine to stay awake in her classes and simply get through the day. If she does not drink coffee on a particular day, she experiences severe headaches, fatigue, and shakiness. Penelope is most likely __________ dependent on caffeine and is experiencing __________.
| a. | physically; drug withdrawal |
| b. | physically; learned expectations |
| c. | psychologically; drug withdrawal |
| d. | psychologically; learned expectations |
ANS: A OBJ: 21 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- When Rapunzel was locked in a tower, she used cocaine every day. Now, although she has escaped from the tower and can function without the drug, she still feels that she needs cocaine for her sense of well-being. Rapunzel is experiencing
| a. | drug withdrawal symptoms. |
| b. | psychological dependence. |
| c. | addiction. |
| d. | drug tolerance. |
ANS: B OBJ: 21 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- A person has been taking a drug regularly for an extended period and cannot seem to stop. However, she is taking the same dosage as when she began and experiences the same effects. These circumstances indicate that she
| a. | has acquired a tolerance for the drug. |
| b. | is psychologically dependent. |
| c. | is physiologically dependent. |
| d. | is addicted. |
ANS: B OBJ: 21 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Duncan is addicted to heroin and has to keep increasing his dosage to get the same effects. This effect of addiction is called
| a. | psychoactive dependence. |
| b. | psychological independence. |
| c. | drug tolerance. |
| d. | habituation. |
ANS: C OBJ: 21 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- When he first started taking drugs, Marcell found that they markedly affected his perceptions. Now, however, he finds that greater dosages are required to achieve the same effects. He is experiencing
| a. | drug intolerance. |
| b. | drug tolerance. |
| c. | psychological dependence. |
| d. | withdrawal symptoms. |
ANS: B OBJ: 21 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
- Since May-Ling switched to decaffeinated coffee, she has been feeling sluggish in the mornings and has a headache in the afternoons. May-Ling’s symptoms seem to reflect
| a. | drug withdrawal. |
| b. | drug tolerance. |
| c. | a placebo effect. |
| d. | an addictive dependency. |
ANS: A OBJ: 21 KEY: Comprehension
MSC: C/A
Reviews
There are no reviews yet.