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Essentials of The Living World 5Th Edition By George Johnson – Test Bank
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Chapter 02
The Chemistry of Life
Multiple Choice Questions
- The nucleus of an atom is composed of two subatomic particles, ______________ and ______________.
A. protons; neutrons
B. protons; electrons
C. neutrons; electrons
Protons are positively charged while neutrons are electrically neutral. Please see section 02.01.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.01.01 Describe the basic structure of an atom in terms of three subatomic particles.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Atomic Structure
- Atoms that bear a positive or negative charge are known as
A. magnetic.
B. electrically neutral.
C. ions.
D. lacking nuclei.
Ions have gained or lost electrons. Please see section 02.02.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.02.01 Differentiate between a cation and an anion.
Section: 02.02
Topic: Atomic Structure
Topic: Chemical Bonds
- The ___________________ of atoms determine how atoms will react with each other.
A. protons
B. neutrons
C. nuclei
D. electrons
Electrons govern interactions since they are the atomic particles which form the bonds. Please see section 02.01.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.01.02 Explain why electrons determine the chemical behavior of atoms.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Atomic Structure
- In a neutral atom in terms of the number of subatomic particles, protons are always
A. equal to the electrons.
B. close to the electrons.
C. equal to the neutrons.
D. combined with the electrons to calculate the atomic mass.
Please see section 02.01. Electrical neutrality means that there must be equal numbers of electrons and protons.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.01.01 Describe the basic structure of an atom in terms of three subatomic particles.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Atomic Structure
- The volume of space around a nucleus where an electron is most likely to be located is called the _______________ of that electron.
A. energy level
B. spin
C. pathway
D. orbital
Please see section 02.01. Electron orbitals combine when covalent bonds form.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.01.03 Explain how electrons carry energy.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Atomic Structure
- Electrons possess energy of position, also known as _____________ energy.
A. kinetic
B. latent
C. potential
D. opposition
Potential energy is stored in a thing which has a particular position. Please see section 02.01.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.01.03 Explain how electrons carry energy.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Atomic Structure
- Most elements in nature exist as
A. solitary unreactive atoms.
B. mixtures of different isotopes.
C. mixtures of gases.
D. mixtures of liquids.
For example, carbon exists in nature as a mixture of three isotopes. Please see section 02.02.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.02.02 Differentiate between an ion and an isotope.
Section: 02.02
Topic: Atomic Structure
- What is true about 14C?
A. It is an ion.
B. It is the most common form of carbon.
C. It can be employed in the radioisotopic dating of fossils.
D. It has 6 neutrons.
Carbon-14 spontaneously breaks down, releasing radiation. Please see section 02.02.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.02.02 Differentiate between an ion and an isotope.
Section: 02.02
Topic: Atomic Structure
- When an electron is transferred from one atom to the next, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, the type of bond is a(n) __________________ bond.
A. hydrogen
B. covalent
C. kinetic
D. ionic
Please see section 02.03. Ionic bonds involve atoms or molecules with full charges.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.03.01 Define a chemical bond and describe the three principal kinds.
Section: 02.03
Topic: Chemical Bonds
- The type of bond that forms between two atoms when electrons are shared is a(n) _______________ bond.
A. hydrogen
B. covalent
C. kinetic
D. ionic
Please see section 02.03. Covalent bonds involve shared electrons, even if not all atoms share equally.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.03.03 Explain why most chemical bonds in organisms are covalent bonds, and distinguish between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds.
Section: 02.03
Topic: Chemical Bonds
- Strong, ___________________ bonds are needed for the building of complex biological molecules.
A. directional
B. nondirectional
C. stationary
D. ionic
E. None of the answer choices is correct.
Please see section 02.03. Organic molecules can take a wide range of shapes, allowing a wide range of functions.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.03.03 Explain why most chemical bonds in organisms are covalent bonds, and distinguish between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds.
Section: 02.03
Topic: Chemical Bonds
- What property of water comes from something other than hydrogen bonding?
A. Heat storage
B. Ice formation
C. Polarity
D. Cohesion
Review section 02.04. Polarity is due to differences in electronegativity between atoms.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.04.05 Explain why oil will not dissolve in water.
Section: 02.04
Topic: Properties of Water
- A solution with a pH of 4 has _________ the concentration of H+ present compared to a solution with a pH of 5.
A. 10 times
B. 100 times
C. 2 times
D. 1000 times
Please see section 02.05. pH units are logarithmic. A difference of one pH unit means a tenfold concentration difference.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.05.01 Define pH, and predict the change in hydrogen ion concentration represented by a difference of 1 on the pH scale.
Section: 02.05
Topic: Acids and Bases
- The mass number of an atom is the
A. the number of neutrons only.
B. the number of electrons plus the number of protons.
C. the number of protons only.
D. the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
E. the number of electrons, plus the number of neutrons, plus the number of protons.
Please see section 02.01. Atomic number is the number of large particles in the nucleus of an atom of an element.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.01.01 Describe the basic structure of an atom in terms of three subatomic particles.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Atomic Structure
- The atomic number of an atom is the
A. the number of neutrons only.
B. the number of electrons plus the number of protons.
C. the number of protons only.
D. the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
E. the number of electrons, plus the number of neutrons, plus the number of protons.
Please see section 02.01. Atomic number is never more than mass number.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.01.01 Describe the basic structure of an atom in terms of three subatomic particles.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Atomic Structure
- The first shell in any atom contains one orbital which may contain as many as
A. 2 electrons.
B. 8 protons.
C. 8 electrons.
D. 4 neutrons.
E. 2 neutrons.
Please see section 02.01. The possible number of electrons per atom is determined by the number of protons, and the number per shell is determined by how far it is from the nucleus.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.01.03 Explain how electrons carry energy.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Atomic Structure
- The second shell in an atom contains ________ orbitals and holds up to ________ electrons.
A. 4; 4
B. 3; 2
C. 4; 8
D. 3; 8
E. 8; 24
Orbitals hold two electrons each. Please see section 02.01.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.01.03 Explain how electrons carry energy.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Atomic Structure
- If an element has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14, how many neutrons does it have?
A. 6
B. 14
C. 7
D. 8
E. Impossible to determine.
Please see sections 02.01 and 02.02. The difference between mass number and atomic number is the number of neutrons.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.01.01 Describe the basic structure of an atom in terms of three subatomic particles.
Learning Outcome: 02.02.02 Differentiate between an ion and an isotope.
Section: 02.01
Section: 02.02
Topic: Atomic Structure
- If you were grading an exam about water, which statement would lose points?
A. Hydrogens have partial negative charges.
B. Water is a polar molecule.
C. Covalent bonds exist within a water molecule.
D. Hydrogen bonds exist between water molecules.
E. Hydrogen bonds are relatively weak bonds.
Please see section 02.03. Hydrogen atoms in water molecules have partial positive charges.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.03.04 Predict which molecules will form hydrogen bonds with each other.
Section: 02.03
Topic: Properties of Water
- Which type of chemical substance lowers the H+ concentration in a solution?
A. Ice
B. Acid
C. Base
D. Buffer
E. Hydrogen ion
Please see section 02.05. Base and acid are, in some sense, opposites.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.05.01 Define pH, and predict the change in hydrogen ion concentration represented by a difference of 1 on the pH scale.
Section: 02.05
Topic: Acids and Bases
- Water moving up into a paper towel is attributable to
A. heat storage.
B. high heat of vaporization.
C. electronegativity.
D. cohesion.
E. adhesion.
Please see section 02.04. Adhesion is the property of water sticking to other polar substances.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.04.04 Distinguish cohesion from adhesion.
Section: 02.04
- If you wanted to stop an insect from walking on water, you would need to add something to the water to stop
A. high heat of vaporization.
B. cohesion.
C. adhesion.
D. polar covalent bonds.
E. heat storage.
Please see section 02.04. Cohesion is due to water molecules sticking together as a result of hydrogen bonding.
Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 02.04.04 Distinguish cohesion from adhesion.
Section: 02.04
Topic: Properties of Water
True / False Questions
- Buffers always release H+ ions into solution to stabilize pH.
FALSE
Please see section 02.05. Buffers act to minimize changes in pH, which sometimes involves releasing hydrogen ions into solution but other times involves taking up hydrogen ions from the solution.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.05.01 Define pH, and predict the change in hydrogen ion concentration represented by a difference of 1 on the pH scale.
Section: 02.05
Topic: Acids and Bases
- Nonpolar molecules are water soluble.
FALSE
Please see section 02.04. Nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic, or “water fearing.”
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.04.05 Explain why oil will not dissolve in water.
Section: 02.04
Topic: Properties of Water
Fill in the Blank Questions
- The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is called the ___________________.
atomic number
Please see section 02.01. Atomic number is always the same as or less than atomic mass.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.01.01 Describe the basic structure of an atom in terms of three subatomic particles.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Atomic Structure
- If you wanted to change the atomic mass of an atom, you would have to alter either the number of ___________ or the number of __________.
protons, neutrons
Atomic mass is the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus. Please see section 02.01.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 02.01.01 Describe the basic structure of an atom in terms of three subatomic particles.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Atomic Structure
- If you were helping a professor with an experiment in which different forms of carbon were to be used, you would go the storeroom to find different _______.
isotopes
Please see section 02.02. Carbon occurs in nature in three isotopes, which are forms of carbon differing in weight but not in how they form bonds.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.02.02 Differentiate between an ion and an isotope.
Section: 02.02
Topic: Atomic Structure
- You are chemically analyzing a new compound. It does not dissolve well in water, so you write down that it is _______.
hydrophobic
Please see section 02.04. “Hydrophobic” means “water fearing.”
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.04.05 Explain why oil will not dissolve in water.
Section: 02.04
Topic: Properties of Water
- When water ionizes, the negatively charged OH fragment is the ____________ ion.
hydroxide
Please see section 02.05. Besides hydroxide, water produces a proton for the other ion when it ionizes.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.05.01 Define pH, and predict the change in hydrogen ion concentration represented by a difference of 1 on the pH scale.
Section: 02.05
Topic: Acids and Bases
Topic: Properties of Water
- We use the __________ scale to measure concentrations of hydrogen ions in a solution.
pH
Please see section 02.05. pH ranges from strongly acidic to strongly basic.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.05.01 Define pH, and predict the change in hydrogen ion concentration represented by a difference of 1 on the pH scale.
Section: 02.05
Topic: Acids and Bases
Topic: Properties of Water
- A solution with a pH of 3 is said to be highly _____________.
acidic
Please see section 02.05. Examples of acids include lemon juice and stomach acid.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.05.01 Define pH, and predict the change in hydrogen ion concentration represented by a difference of 1 on the pH scale.
Section: 02.05
Topic: Acids and Bases
- The doctor prescribes a medicine to help stop wide fluctuations in stomach acid which have been causing you pain. The doctor has probably prescribed a ____________.
buffer
Please see section 02.05. Buffers help to minimize changes in pH.
Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 02.05.01 Define pH, and predict the change in hydrogen ion concentration represented by a difference of 1 on the pH scale.
Section: 02.05
Topic: Acids and Bases
- The chemical bond within a water molecule is a ______ bond.
covalent
Atoms within a water molecule share electrons, so the bonds formed are covalent. Please see section 02.03.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.03.03 Explain why most chemical bonds in organisms are covalent bonds, and distinguish between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds.
Section: 02.03
Topic: Chemical Bonds
Topic: Properties of Water
- Due to ______ bonding, ice is less dense than water.
hydrogen
Fish in cold lakes are saved in the winter by the lower density of water ice since water ice then floats, rather than sinking and crushing the fish. Please see section 02.04.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.04.02 Explain why ice floats.
Section: 02.04
Topic: Properties of Water
- A substance that increases the concentration of H+ is a(n) ________.
acid
Please see section 02.05. Acids release protons, lowering pH.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.05.01 Define pH, and predict the change in hydrogen ion concentration represented by a difference of 1 on the pH scale.
Section: 02.05
Topic: Acids and Bases
Topic: Properties of Water
Essay Questions
- What are two of the characteristics of water that make it so important in living organisms?
Water makes up the majority of most living things and is the solvent of life. Water is a polar molecule and can form hydrogen bonds. These two characteristics are responsible for the properties of high polarity, high heat of vaporization, low ice density, and cohesion. Please see section 02.04.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.04.01 Explain why water heats up so slowly.
Section: 02.04
Topic: Properties of Water
- What are some of the uses of radioactive isotopes?
Will vary, but should include medical tests and fossil dating. Please see section 02.02.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 02.02.02 Differentiate between an ion and an isotope.
Section: 02.02
Topic: Atomic Structure
- Discuss the difference between covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds.
Please see section 02.03. The various important kinds of bonds vary in bond strength and the way electrons are shared.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 02.03.01 Define a chemical bond and describe the three principal kinds.
Section: 02.03
Topic: Chemical Bonds
Chapter 04
Cells
Multiple Choice Questions
- Select the membrane molecule that is made up of a polar region with two nonpolar fatty acid tails.
A. Phospholipids
B. Cell surface proteins
C. Transmembrane proteins
D. Carbohydrate chains
Please see section 04.04. The two ends of a phospholipid can interact with the hydrophobic membrane interior and the hydrophilic cytoplasm.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.04.01 Explain why a lipid bilayer forms spontaneously and how proteins are anchored within it.
Section: 04.04
Topic: Cell Membrane
- Choose the membrane molecule responsible for aiding passage of polar molecules into and out of the cell.
A. Phospholipids
B. Cell surface proteins
C. Transmembrane proteins
D. Carbohydrate chains
Please see section 04.04. Transmembrane proteins can create a kind of channel in the hydrophobic interior of the membrane to allow polar molecules, which normally cannot enter that interior, to cross.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.04.01 Explain why a lipid bilayer forms spontaneously and how proteins are anchored within it.
Section: 04.04
Topic: Cell Membrane
- The simplest cells are found in
A. eukaryotic organisms.
B. prokaryotic organisms.
C. animals.
D. fungi.
Please see section 04.02. Prokaryotic cells lack internal membranes and are some of the smallest cells.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Describe the interior of a prokaryotic cell.
Section: 04.02
Topic: Cell Theory
Topic: Prokaryote Structure
- What structures are found within bacterial cells?
A. Ribosomes
B. Chloroplasts
C. Nucleus
D. Mitochondria
Please see section 04.02. The ribosomes produce all proteins needed by cells, so all cells must have these structures.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Describe the interior of a prokaryotic cell.
Section: 04.02
Topic: Prokaryote Structure
- Which microscope has the strongest resolving power?
A. Light microscope
B. Electron microscope
C. Compound microscope
Please see section 04.01. Electron microscopes have high resolving power due to the short wavelength of the electrons used for illumination.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.01.03 Explain visualizing cells.
Section: 04.01
Topic: Cell Theory
- The nucleus of the eukaryotic cell functions
A. as the command center for the cell.
B. to store the cell’s hereditary information.
C. to house the nucleolus.
D. All of the answer choices are correct.
Please see section 04.05. the nucleus contains an archival copy of the information to build and run the cell as well as the means to produce working copies of this information.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.05.01 Recount two functions of the cell nucleus.
Section: 04.05
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- An extensive system of internal membranes, called the _________________, is where carbohydrates and lipids are manufactured, and proteins are made that will be exported from the cell.
A. Golgi complex
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. nucleolus
D. mitochondria
Please see section 04.06. The endoplasmic reticulum is crucial for the manufacture of macromolecules and the movement of macromolecules to appropriate places in the cell.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.06.01 Distinguish between rough ER and smooth ER.
Section: 04.06
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- ______________ function in the collection, packaging, and distribution of molecules made in the cell.
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosomes
C. Golgi bodies
D. Vesicles
Please see section 04.06. Golgi complexes serve as a kind of subcellular post office.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.06.02 Explain how Golgi bodies ensure the correct delivery of substances made in the ER.
Section: 04.06
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Two organelles that are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are __________________ and __________________.
A. ribosomes; nuclei
B. Golgi bodies; vesicles
C. peroxisomes; lysosomes
D. chloroplasts; mitochondria
Please see section 04.07. There are several lines of evidence pointing to this, including the fact that chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA which is organized like bacterial DNA.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.07.01 Differentiate between mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Section: 04.07
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Oxidative metabolism takes place in the ___________________ of the cell.
A. chloroplasts
B. peroxisomes
C. mitochondria
D. nuclei
Please see section 04.07. Mitochondria use oxygen to extract energy from biomolecules.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.07.01 Differentiate between mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Section: 04.07
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Organelles called ________________ contain enzymes that digest worn-out parts of cells.
A. Golgi bodies
B. lysosomes
C. vacuoles
D. secretory vesicles
Please see section 04.06. Lysosomes are a crucial part of the endomembrane system for cellular cleanup.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.06.02 Explain how Golgi bodies ensure the correct delivery of substances made in the ER.
Section: 04.06
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Which organisms use something other than centrioles to organize microtubules?
A. Animals and protists
B. Plants and fungi
C. Plants and animals
D. Fungi and protists
Please see section 04.08. Even when no centriole is obvious, cells must have have some way to create microtubules.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.08.01 Describe the protein fibers of the cytoskeleton.
Section: 04.08
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Cilia and flagella differ from each other primarily in
A. function.
B. length.
C. internal structure.
D. internal chemistry.
Please see section 04.08. Cilia and flagella have the same basic internal structure made of microtubules.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.08.02 Explain how animal cells move.
Section: 04.08
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Which statement about bacteria is false?
A. Bacteria synthesize proteins at ribosomes.
B. Most bacteria have a cell wall.
C. Bacteria do not have a plasma membrane.
D. Some bacteria have pili for attachment to substrates.
All living cells must have a plasma membrane around them. Please see section 04.02.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Describe the interior of a prokaryotic cell.
Section: 04.02
Topic: Prokaryote Structure
- When a cytoplasmic vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane, expelling its contents outside the cell, the process is known as
A. active transport.
B. exocytosis.
C. endocytosis.
Exocytosis allows cells to secrete internal materials. Please see section 04.10.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.10.01 Distinguish phagocytosis from pinocytosis.
Section: 04.10
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Which of the following processes requires both a carrier protein and energy?
A. Active transport
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Simple diffusion
Active transport uses energy to move molecules against a concentation gradient. Please see section 04.11.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.11.02 Define active transport, and describe the operation of the sodium-potassium pump, including the role of ATP.
Section: 04.09
Section: 04.11
Topic: Active Transport
- The mitochondria matrix
A. is bent into numerous folds called cristae.
B. contains stacked membranes called thylakoids.
C. is the space within the cristae.
D. is the region outside the mitochondria.
Mitochondria have two membranes in their structure, and cristae are folds in the inner membrane. Please see section 04.07.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.07.01 Differentiate between mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Section: 04.07
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- When molecules move through a cell membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration by way of a carrier protein, it is called
A. osmosis.
B. endocytosis.
C. facilitated diffusion.
D. exocytosis.
Please see section 04.11. Facilitated diffusion has the same driving force as regular diffusion; it just requires a pathway for the diffusion to occur.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.11.01 Distinguish between selective diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
Section: 04.11
Topic: Passive Transport
- If you were grading an exam question about the plasma membrane, which answer would lose points?
A. It has a hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic region that faces water.
B. Cholesterol affects the fluid nature of the membrane.
C. Proteins embedded in the lipid bilayer do not move.
D. Transmembrane proteins span the membrane.
E. It surrounds all living cells.
Please see section 04.04. The lipids and proteins in a plasma membrane move about in the fluid mosaic model.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.04.01 Explain why a lipid bilayer forms spontaneously and how proteins are anchored within it.
Section: 04.04
Topic: Cell Membrane
- In the sodium-potassium pump, sugars and amino acids, or other molecules, are brought through the membrane along with sodium ions through
A. coupled channels.
B. chemiosmosis.
C. proton pumps.
D. receptor proteins.
Coupled channels allow one molecule to diffuse according to its concentration gradient while another’s movement against its gradient is powered by the first movement. Please see section 04.11.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.11.02 Define active transport, and describe the operation of the sodium-potassium pump, including the role of ATP.
Section: 04.11
Topic: Active Transport
- Which kingdom contains prokaryotes?
A. Fungi
B. Archaea
C. Plantae
D. Animalia
E. Protista
Please see section 04.02. The two prokaryotic kingdoms are the Bacteria and the Archaea.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Describe the interior of a prokaryotic cell.
Section: 04.02
Topic: Prokaryote Structure
- If you wanted to design a drug to prevent prokaryotic cells from attaching to substrates, which structure should the drug attack?
A. Capsule
B. Nucleoid
C. Flagella
D. Pili
E. Ribosome
Pili allow bacteria to attach to one another a well as to substrates. Please see section 04.02.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Describe the interior of a prokaryotic cell.
Section: 04.02
Topic: Prokaryote Structure
- Which is not an organelle?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Lysosome
D. Chloroplast
E. Actin
Actin is a protein filament that is part of the cell cytoskeleton. Please section 04.08.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.08.01 Describe the protein fibers of the cytoskeleton.
Section: 04.08
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Without the nucleolus, what would disappear?
A. The site of protein synthesis
B. The site of ribosome subunit assembly
C. The site of protein packaging for export
D. The site of photosynthesis
E. The site that isolates particular chemical activities from the rest of the cell
Please see section 04.05. The nucleolus produces the rRNA for ribosomes.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.05.01 Recount two functions of the cell nucleus.
Section: 04.05
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Which is a special type of vesicle?
A. Lysosome
B. Golgi complex
C. Chloroplast
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
E. Centriole
Please see section 04.06. Lysosomes bud from the endoplasmic reticulum and perform a digestive function.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.06.02 Explain how Golgi bodies ensure the correct delivery of substances made in the ER.
Section: 04.06
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- A plant’s central vacuole functions in
A. manufacturing sugars.
B. capturing energy from sunlight.
C. packaging molecules for export from the cell.
D. storing the genetic information of the cell.
E. storing water, sugars, and ions.
Please see section 04.06. Vacuoles take up most of the volume of most plant cells, serving a storage function.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.06.03 Describe the function of plant vacuoles.
Section: 04.06
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- If a fellow student told you that he had an animal cell under the microscope, the presence of what would tell you that he was wrong?
A. Nucleus
B. Lysosomes
C. Golgi complex
D. Central vacuole
E. Chromosomes
Animal cells lack central vacuoles. Please see section 04.03.
Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 04.03.01 List the organelles unique to eukaryotic cells, and state which of them are not present in plant cells.
Section: 04.03
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- The endosymbiont theory is supported by all of these pieces of evidence except
A. mitochondria are surrounded by two membranes.
B. mitochondrial ribosomes are similar to bacterial ribosomes.
C. mitochondria contain circular molecules of DNA.
D. mitochondria divide by simple fission.
E. mitochondria have a matrix.
Please see section 04.07. Nothing about the mitochondrial matrix suggests that it is uniquely bacterial.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.07.02 Describe the evidence that mitochondria evolved from ancient bacteria.
Section: 04.07
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Which is not a type of cytoskeletal fiber?
A. Microtubles
B. Actin microfilaments
C. Intermediate filaments
D. Pili
Please see sections 04.02 and 04.08. Pili are external parts of bacterial cells.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Describe the interior of a prokaryotic cell.
Learning Outcome: 04.08.01 Describe the protein fibers of the cytoskeleton.
Section: 04.02
Section: 04.08
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Which process would enable a white blood cell to ingest a bacterium?
A. Diffusion
B. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
C. Phagocytosis
D. Pinocytosis
E. Osmosis
Phagocytosis is also known as “cell eating.” Please see section 04.10.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.10.01 Distinguish phagocytosis from pinocytosis.
Section: 04.10
Topic: Active Transport
- Observing a fungal cell, you notice clear droplets being taken up by vesicles at the edge of the cell. You would conclude that fungi can perform
A. diffusion.
B. receptor-mediated endocytosis.
C. phagocytosis.
D. pinocytosis.
E. osmosis.
Pinocytosis is also known as “cell drinking.” Please see section 04.10.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.10.01 Distinguish phagocytosis from pinocytosis.
Section: 04.10
Topic: Active Transport
Fill in the Blank Questions
- As cells increase in size, cell ________________ increases more rapidly than cell ________________.
volume; surface area
Review the discussion of cell size in section 04.01.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.01.02 Explain why most cells are so small.
Section: 04.01
Topic: Cell Theory
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
Topic: Prokaryote Structure
- A semi-fluid matrix called ____________ fills the inside of a cell.
cytoplasm
Organelles are found in the cytoplasm. Please see sections 04.02 and 04.03.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Describe the interior of a prokaryotic cell.
Learning Outcome: 04.03.01 List the organelles unique to eukaryotic cells, and state which of them are not present in plant cells.
Section: 04.02
Section: 04.03
Topic: Cell Theory
- If asked to point to the location of phospholipids in a model of a cell, you would point to a _________________.
lipid bilayer
Phospholipids can interact with both water and hydrophobic things since their hydrophilic heads point out and their hydrophobic tails point in. Please see section 04.04.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.04.01 Explain why a lipid bilayer forms spontaneously and how proteins are anchored within it.
Section: 04.04
Topic: Cell Membrane
- In addition to a plasma membrane, plant cells have ______________, which protect and support the plant cell.
cell walls
Please see section 04.03. Cell walls help support not just the individual cells but the whole plant as well.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.03.01 List the organelles unique to eukaryotic cells, and state which of them are not present in plant cells.
Section: 04.03
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- The most general difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotes have membrane-bound ______________________ and prokaryotes do not.
organelles
Please see section 04.03. Eukaryotic cells are very complicated, with lots of organelles.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.03.01 List the organelles unique to eukaryotic cells, and state which of them are not present in plant cells.
Section: 04.02
Section: 04.03
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
Topic: Prokaryote Structure
- if you could get 5 extra points for labelling the location of DNA in a eukaryotic cell, you would mark the _________________.
nucleus
The nucleus holds 99% of the DNA. Please see section 04.03.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.05.01 Recount two functions of the cell nucleus.
Section: 04.03
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- The surface of a nucleus is bounded by a special kind of membrane called the ________________________.
nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope includes two bilayers. Please see section 04.05.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.05.01 Recount two functions of the cell nucleus.
Section: 04.05
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- To set up a lab on cell division, the most crucial part needed to explain the genetic side of cell division would be a drawer full of model ___________________.
chromosomes
Please see section 04.05. Chromosomes are compact units of nuclear DNA, easy to separate in cell division.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.05.01 Recount two functions of the cell nucleus.
Section: 04.05
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- In terms of direction, diffusion occurs because of the ________________________ motion of molecules.
random
Please see section 04.09. Diffusion is a passive process.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.09.01 Define diffusion, and explain why diffusion occurs down a concentration gradient, rather than up.
Section: 04.09
Topic: Passive Transport
- The passive movement of molecules along a concentration gradient is called ____________________.
diffusion
Please see section 04.09. Any concentration gradient will drive diffusion if the molecules in it have a pathway to move.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.09.01 Define diffusion, and explain why diffusion occurs down a concentration gradient, rather than up.
Section: 04.09
Topic: Passive Transport
- Cells engulfing large particles is called ___________________.
phagocytosis
Please see section 04.10. Phagocytosis is also known as cell eating.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.10.01 Distinguish phagocytosis from pinocytosis.
Section: 04.10
Topic: Passive Transport
Multiple Choice Questions
- What describes the minimum distance two points can be apart and still be distinguished as two separate points? rev: 07_01_2014_QC_50880
A. Resolution
B. Microscope
C. Objective
D. Focus
You can resolve two things if you can tell them apart. Please see section 04.01.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.01.03 Explain visualizing cells.
Section: 04.01
Topic: Cell Theory
Chapter 04
Cells
Multiple Choice Questions
- Select the membrane molecule that is made up of a polar region with two nonpolar fatty acid tails.
A. Phospholipids
B. Cell surface proteins
C. Transmembrane proteins
D. Carbohydrate chains
Please see section 04.04. The two ends of a phospholipid can interact with the hydrophobic membrane interior and the hydrophilic cytoplasm.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.04.01 Explain why a lipid bilayer forms spontaneously and how proteins are anchored within it.
Section: 04.04
Topic: Cell Membrane
- Choose the membrane molecule responsible for aiding passage of polar molecules into and out of the cell.
A. Phospholipids
B. Cell surface proteins
C. Transmembrane proteins
D. Carbohydrate chains
Please see section 04.04. Transmembrane proteins can create a kind of channel in the hydrophobic interior of the membrane to allow polar molecules, which normally cannot enter that interior, to cross.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.04.01 Explain why a lipid bilayer forms spontaneously and how proteins are anchored within it.
Section: 04.04
Topic: Cell Membrane
- The simplest cells are found in
A. eukaryotic organisms.
B. prokaryotic organisms.
C. animals.
D. fungi.
Please see section 04.02. Prokaryotic cells lack internal membranes and are some of the smallest cells.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Describe the interior of a prokaryotic cell.
Section: 04.02
Topic: Cell Theory
Topic: Prokaryote Structure
- What structures are found within bacterial cells?
A. Ribosomes
B. Chloroplasts
C. Nucleus
D. Mitochondria
Please see section 04.02. The ribosomes produce all proteins needed by cells, so all cells must have these structures.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Describe the interior of a prokaryotic cell.
Section: 04.02
Topic: Prokaryote Structure
- Which microscope has the strongest resolving power?
A. Light microscope
B. Electron microscope
C. Compound microscope
Please see section 04.01. Electron microscopes have high resolving power due to the short wavelength of the electrons used for illumination.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.01.03 Explain visualizing cells.
Section: 04.01
Topic: Cell Theory
- The nucleus of the eukaryotic cell functions
A. as the command center for the cell.
B. to store the cell’s hereditary information.
C. to house the nucleolus.
D. All of the answer choices are correct.
Please see section 04.05. the nucleus contains an archival copy of the information to build and run the cell as well as the means to produce working copies of this information.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.05.01 Recount two functions of the cell nucleus.
Section: 04.05
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- An extensive system of internal membranes, called the _________________, is where carbohydrates and lipids are manufactured, and proteins are made that will be exported from the cell.
A. Golgi complex
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. nucleolus
D. mitochondria
Please see section 04.06. The endoplasmic reticulum is crucial for the manufacture of macromolecules and the movement of macromolecules to appropriate places in the cell.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.06.01 Distinguish between rough ER and smooth ER.
Section: 04.06
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- ______________ function in the collection, packaging, and distribution of molecules made in the cell.
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosomes
C. Golgi bodies
D. Vesicles
Please see section 04.06. Golgi complexes serve as a kind of subcellular post office.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.06.02 Explain how Golgi bodies ensure the correct delivery of substances made in the ER.
Section: 04.06
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Two organelles that are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are __________________ and __________________.
A. ribosomes; nuclei
B. Golgi bodies; vesicles
C. peroxisomes; lysosomes
D. chloroplasts; mitochondria
Please see section 04.07. There are several lines of evidence pointing to this, including the fact that chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA which is organized like bacterial DNA.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.07.01 Differentiate between mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Section: 04.07
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Oxidative metabolism takes place in the ___________________ of the cell.
A. chloroplasts
B. peroxisomes
C. mitochondria
D. nuclei
Please see section 04.07. Mitochondria use oxygen to extract energy from biomolecules.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.07.01 Differentiate between mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Section: 04.07
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Organelles called ________________ contain enzymes that digest worn-out parts of cells.
A. Golgi bodies
B. lysosomes
C. vacuoles
D. secretory vesicles
Please see section 04.06. Lysosomes are a crucial part of the endomembrane system for cellular cleanup.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.06.02 Explain how Golgi bodies ensure the correct delivery of substances made in the ER.
Section: 04.06
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Which organisms use something other than centrioles to organize microtubules?
A. Animals and protists
B. Plants and fungi
C. Plants and animals
D. Fungi and protists
Please see section 04.08. Even when no centriole is obvious, cells must have have some way to create microtubules.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.08.01 Describe the protein fibers of the cytoskeleton.
Section: 04.08
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Cilia and flagella differ from each other primarily in
A. function.
B. length.
C. internal structure.
D. internal chemistry.
Please see section 04.08. Cilia and flagella have the same basic internal structure made of microtubules.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.08.02 Explain how animal cells move.
Section: 04.08
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Which statement about bacteria is false?
A. Bacteria synthesize proteins at ribosomes.
B. Most bacteria have a cell wall.
C. Bacteria do not have a plasma membrane.
D. Some bacteria have pili for attachment to substrates.
All living cells must have a plasma membrane around them. Please see section 04.02.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Describe the interior of a prokaryotic cell.
Section: 04.02
Topic: Prokaryote Structure
- When a cytoplasmic vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane, expelling its contents outside the cell, the process is known as
A. active transport.
B. exocytosis.
C. endocytosis.
Exocytosis allows cells to secrete internal materials. Please see section 04.10.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.10.01 Distinguish phagocytosis from pinocytosis.
Section: 04.10
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Which of the following processes requires both a carrier protein and energy?
A. Active transport
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Simple diffusion
Active transport uses energy to move molecules against a concentation gradient. Please see section 04.11.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.11.02 Define active transport, and describe the operation of the sodium-potassium pump, including the role of ATP.
Section: 04.09
Section: 04.11
Topic: Active Transport
- The mitochondria matrix
A. is bent into numerous folds called cristae.
B. contains stacked membranes called thylakoids.
C. is the space within the cristae.
D. is the region outside the mitochondria.
Mitochondria have two membranes in their structure, and cristae are folds in the inner membrane. Please see section 04.07.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.07.01 Differentiate between mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Section: 04.07
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- When molecules move through a cell membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration by way of a carrier protein, it is called
A. osmosis.
B. endocytosis.
C. facilitated diffusion.
D. exocytosis.
Please see section 04.11. Facilitated diffusion has the same driving force as regular diffusion; it just requires a pathway for the diffusion to occur.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.11.01 Distinguish between selective diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
Section: 04.11
Topic: Passive Transport
- If you were grading an exam question about the plasma membrane, which answer would lose points?
A. It has a hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic region that faces water.
B. Cholesterol affects the fluid nature of the membrane.
C. Proteins embedded in the lipid bilayer do not move.
D. Transmembrane proteins span the membrane.
E. It surrounds all living cells.
Please see section 04.04. The lipids and proteins in a plasma membrane move about in the fluid mosaic model.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.04.01 Explain why a lipid bilayer forms spontaneously and how proteins are anchored within it.
Section: 04.04
Topic: Cell Membrane
- In the sodium-potassium pump, sugars and amino acids, or other molecules, are brought through the membrane along with sodium ions through
A. coupled channels.
B. chemiosmosis.
C. proton pumps.
D. receptor proteins.
Coupled channels allow one molecule to diffuse according to its concentration gradient while another’s movement against its gradient is powered by the first movement. Please see section 04.11.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.11.02 Define active transport, and describe the operation of the sodium-potassium pump, including the role of ATP.
Section: 04.11
Topic: Active Transport
- Which kingdom contains prokaryotes?
A. Fungi
B. Archaea
C. Plantae
D. Animalia
E. Protista
Please see section 04.02. The two prokaryotic kingdoms are the Bacteria and the Archaea.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Describe the interior of a prokaryotic cell.
Section: 04.02
Topic: Prokaryote Structure
- If you wanted to design a drug to prevent prokaryotic cells from attaching to substrates, which structure should the drug attack?
A. Capsule
B. Nucleoid
C. Flagella
D. Pili
E. Ribosome
Pili allow bacteria to attach to one another a well as to substrates. Please see section 04.02.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Describe the interior of a prokaryotic cell.
Section: 04.02
Topic: Prokaryote Structure
- Which is not an organelle?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Lysosome
D. Chloroplast
E. Actin
Actin is a protein filament that is part of the cell cytoskeleton. Please section 04.08.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.08.01 Describe the protein fibers of the cytoskeleton.
Section: 04.08
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Without the nucleolus, what would disappear?
A. The site of protein synthesis
B. The site of ribosome subunit assembly
C. The site of protein packaging for export
D. The site of photosynthesis
E. The site that isolates particular chemical activities from the rest of the cell
Please see section 04.05. The nucleolus produces the rRNA for ribosomes.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.05.01 Recount two functions of the cell nucleus.
Section: 04.05
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Which is a special type of vesicle?
A. Lysosome
B. Golgi complex
C. Chloroplast
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
E. Centriole
Please see section 04.06. Lysosomes bud from the endoplasmic reticulum and perform a digestive function.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.06.02 Explain how Golgi bodies ensure the correct delivery of substances made in the ER.
Section: 04.06
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- A plant’s central vacuole functions in
A. manufacturing sugars.
B. capturing energy from sunlight.
C. packaging molecules for export from the cell.
D. storing the genetic information of the cell.
E. storing water, sugars, and ions.
Please see section 04.06. Vacuoles take up most of the volume of most plant cells, serving a storage function.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.06.03 Describe the function of plant vacuoles.
Section: 04.06
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- If a fellow student told you that he had an animal cell under the microscope, the presence of what would tell you that he was wrong?
A. Nucleus
B. Lysosomes
C. Golgi complex
D. Central vacuole
E. Chromosomes
Animal cells lack central vacuoles. Please see section 04.03.
Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 04.03.01 List the organelles unique to eukaryotic cells, and state which of them are not present in plant cells.
Section: 04.03
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- The endosymbiont theory is supported by all of these pieces of evidence except
A. mitochondria are surrounded by two membranes.
B. mitochondrial ribosomes are similar to bacterial ribosomes.
C. mitochondria contain circular molecules of DNA.
D. mitochondria divide by simple fission.
E. mitochondria have a matrix.
Please see section 04.07. Nothing about the mitochondrial matrix suggests that it is uniquely bacterial.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.07.02 Describe the evidence that mitochondria evolved from ancient bacteria.
Section: 04.07
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Which is not a type of cytoskeletal fiber?
A. Microtubles
B. Actin microfilaments
C. Intermediate filaments
D. Pili
Please see sections 04.02 and 04.08. Pili are external parts of bacterial cells.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Describe the interior of a prokaryotic cell.
Learning Outcome: 04.08.01 Describe the protein fibers of the cytoskeleton.
Section: 04.02
Section: 04.08
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- Which process would enable a white blood cell to ingest a bacterium?
A. Diffusion
B. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
C. Phagocytosis
D. Pinocytosis
E. Osmosis
Phagocytosis is also known as “cell eating.” Please see section 04.10.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.10.01 Distinguish phagocytosis from pinocytosis.
Section: 04.10
Topic: Active Transport
- Observing a fungal cell, you notice clear droplets being taken up by vesicles at the edge of the cell. You would conclude that fungi can perform
A. diffusion.
B. receptor-mediated endocytosis.
C. phagocytosis.
D. pinocytosis.
E. osmosis.
Pinocytosis is also known as “cell drinking.” Please see section 04.10.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.10.01 Distinguish phagocytosis from pinocytosis.
Section: 04.10
Topic: Active Transport
Fill in the Blank Questions
- As cells increase in size, cell ________________ increases more rapidly than cell ________________.
volume; surface area
Review the discussion of cell size in section 04.01.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.01.02 Explain why most cells are so small.
Section: 04.01
Topic: Cell Theory
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
Topic: Prokaryote Structure
- A semi-fluid matrix called ____________ fills the inside of a cell.
cytoplasm
Organelles are found in the cytoplasm. Please see sections 04.02 and 04.03.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Describe the interior of a prokaryotic cell.
Learning Outcome: 04.03.01 List the organelles unique to eukaryotic cells, and state which of them are not present in plant cells.
Section: 04.02
Section: 04.03
Topic: Cell Theory
- If asked to point to the location of phospholipids in a model of a cell, you would point to a _________________.
lipid bilayer
Phospholipids can interact with both water and hydrophobic things since their hydrophilic heads point out and their hydrophobic tails point in. Please see section 04.04.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.04.01 Explain why a lipid bilayer forms spontaneously and how proteins are anchored within it.
Section: 04.04
Topic: Cell Membrane
- In addition to a plasma membrane, plant cells have ______________, which protect and support the plant cell.
cell walls
Please see section 04.03. Cell walls help support not just the individual cells but the whole plant as well.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.03.01 List the organelles unique to eukaryotic cells, and state which of them are not present in plant cells.
Section: 04.03
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- The most general difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotes have membrane-bound ______________________ and prokaryotes do not.
organelles
Please see section 04.03. Eukaryotic cells are very complicated, with lots of organelles.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.03.01 List the organelles unique to eukaryotic cells, and state which of them are not present in plant cells.
Section: 04.02
Section: 04.03
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
Topic: Prokaryote Structure
- if you could get 5 extra points for labelling the location of DNA in a eukaryotic cell, you would mark the _________________.
nucleus
The nucleus holds 99% of the DNA. Please see section 04.03.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.05.01 Recount two functions of the cell nucleus.
Section: 04.03
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- The surface of a nucleus is bounded by a special kind of membrane called the ________________________.
nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope includes two bilayers. Please see section 04.05.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.05.01 Recount two functions of the cell nucleus.
Section: 04.05
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- To set up a lab on cell division, the most crucial part needed to explain the genetic side of cell division would be a drawer full of model ___________________.
chromosomes
Please see section 04.05. Chromosomes are compact units of nuclear DNA, easy to separate in cell division.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.05.01 Recount two functions of the cell nucleus.
Section: 04.05
Topic: Eukaryote Structure
- In terms of direction, diffusion occurs because of the ________________________ motion of molecules.
random
Please see section 04.09. Diffusion is a passive process.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.09.01 Define diffusion, and explain why diffusion occurs down a concentration gradient, rather than up.
Section: 04.09
Topic: Passive Transport
- The passive movement of molecules along a concentration gradient is called ____________________.
diffusion
Please see section 04.09. Any concentration gradient will drive diffusion if the molecules in it have a pathway to move.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.09.01 Define diffusion, and explain why diffusion occurs down a concentration gradient, rather than up.
Section: 04.09
Topic: Passive Transport
- Cells engulfing large particles is called ___________________.
phagocytosis
Please see section 04.10. Phagocytosis is also known as cell eating.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.10.01 Distinguish phagocytosis from pinocytosis.
Section: 04.10
Topic: Passive Transport
Multiple Choice Questions
- What describes the minimum distance two points can be apart and still be distinguished as two separate points? rev: 07_01_2014_QC_50880
A. Resolution
B. Microscope
C. Objective
D. Focus
You can resolve two things if you can tell them apart. Please see section 04.01.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.01.03 Explain visualizing cells.
Section: 04.01
Topic: Cell Theory
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