Essentials of Understanding Psychology 13Th Edition By Robert Feldmen – Test Bank

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Essentials of Understanding Psychology 13Th Edition By Robert Feldmen – Test Bank

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Chapter 2   Neuroscience and Behavior

 

1) Psychologists who specialize in considering the ways in which the biological structures and functions of the body affect behavior are known as

1. A) genetic psychologists.
2. B) biopsychologists.
3. C) evolutionary psychologists.
4. D) clinical neuropsychologists.

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 46

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurons

Learning Objective:  Identify the parts of a neuron.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

2) Alison has developed an interest in the ways in which the biological structures and functions of the body affect behavior. She will most likely become a(n)

1. A) genetic psychologist.
2. B) behavioral neuroscientist.
3. C) evolutionary psychologist.
4. D) clinical neuropsychologist.

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 46

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurons

Learning Objective:  Identify the parts of a neuron.

Bloom’s:  Apply

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains; 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

 

 

3) The basic elements of the nervous system are called

1. A) dendrites.
2. B) terminal buttons.
3. C) neurons.
4. D) neurotransmitters.

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 47

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurons

Learning Objective:  Identify the parts of a neuron.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

4) As many as ________ neurons throughout the body are involved in the control of behavior.

1. A) 1 billion
2. B) 1 trillion
3. C) 5 million
4. D) 50 million

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 47

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurons

Learning Objective:  Describe how nerve cells communicate with other nerve cells.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

5) Neurons are physically held in place by

1. A) axons.
2. B) glial cells.
3. C) synapses.
4. D) terminal buttons.

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 48

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurons

Learning Objective:  Identify the parts of a neuron.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

 

6) Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of glial cells?

1. A) They nourish nerve cells.
2. B) They communicate messages within the nervous system.
3. C) They help repair damage that might occur to neurons.
4. D) They provide nourishment to neurons.

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 48

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurons

Learning Objective:  Describe how nerve cells communicate with other nerve cells.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

7) A cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron that receives messages from other neurons is called

1. A) axon.
2. B) terminal button.
3. C) glial fiber.
4. D) dendrite.

 

Answer:  D

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 48

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurons

Learning Objective:  Identify the parts of a neuron.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

8) Compare your forearm, palm, wrist, and fingers to a neuron. In such an analogy, the dendrites would be your

1. A) forearm.
2. B) fingers.
3. C) wrist.
4. D) palm.

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 48

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurons

Learning Objective:  Identify the parts of a neuron.

Bloom’s:  Apply

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

 

9) An axon is a

1. A) neuron’s cell body.
2. B) cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron.
3. C) support cell in the nervous system.
4. D) long, slim, tube-like structure extending from a neuron.

 

Answer:  D

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 48

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurons

Learning Objective:  Identify the parts of a neuron.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

10) Which of the following structures is especially important for carrying messages received by the dendrites to other neurons?

1. A) the myelin sheath
2. B) endorphins
3. C) axons
4. D) glial cells

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 48

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurons

Learning Objective:  Identify the parts of a neuron.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

11) Terminal buttons are found at the end of

1. A) synapses.
2. B) dendrites.
3. C) axons.
4. D) myelin cells.

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 48

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurons

Learning Objective:  Identify the parts of a neuron.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

 

12) Which of the following sequences correctly arranges nervous system structures from the most general to the most specific?

1. A) neuron → axon → terminal button
2. B) neuron → terminal button → axon
3. C) axon → terminal button → neuron
4. D) axon → neuron → terminal button

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 48

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Nervous System

Learning Objective:  Identify the parts of a neuron.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

13) Dendrite is to axon what ________ is to ________.

1. A) receiving; sending
2. B) sending; receiving
3. C) reuptake; action potential
4. D) action potential; reuptake

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 48

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurons

Learning Objective:  Identify the parts of a neuron.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

14) Compare your forearm, palm, knuckles, and fingers to a neuron. In such an analogy, the axon would be your

1. A) forearm.
2. B) fingers.
3. C) palm.
4. D) knuckles.

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 48

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurons

Learning Objective:  Identify the parts of a neuron.

Bloom’s:  Apply

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

 

15) Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the route followed by nerve impulses when one neuron communicates with another?

1. A) dendrite → axon → cell body
2. B) dendrite → cell body → axon
3. C) cell body → axon → dendrite
4. D) axon → dendrite → cell body

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 48

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  How Neurons Fire

Learning Objective:  Identify the parts of a neuron.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

16) Electrical wires are generally protected by a tube of plastic. Similarly, most axons are insulated by a

1. A) myelin sheath.
2. B) glial cell.
3. C) dendrite.
4. D) synapse.

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 48

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurons

Learning Objective:  Identify the parts of a neuron.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

17) A ________ is a protective coat of fat and protein that wraps around the axon.

1. A) myelin sheath
2. B) neuron
3. C) terminal button
4. D) synapse

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 48

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurons

Learning Objective:  Identify the parts of a neuron.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

 

18) You cannot fire a gun softly, or flush a toilet halfway. Like an action potential, gun fire and a toilet’s flush follow the ________ law.

1. A) incremental transformation
2. B) graded action
3. C) all-or-none
4. D) intensity of stimulus

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 3 Hard     Page Ref: 48

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  How Neurons Fire

Learning Objective:  Explain how neurons transmit information.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

19) The rule that neurons are either on or off is known as the ________ law.

1. A) intensity of stimulus
2. B) graded action
3. C) all-or-none
4. D) incremental transformational

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 48

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  How Neurons Fire

Learning Objective:  Identify the parts of a neuron.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

20) The state in which there is a negative electrical charge of about -70 millivolts within a neuron is known as the ________ state.

1. A) triggering
2. B) terminal
3. C) optimum
4. D) resting

 

Answer:  D

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 48

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  How Neurons Fire

Learning Objective:  Explain how neurons transmit information.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

 

21) Regarding action potentials, which of the following statements is TRUE?

1. A) As the impulse travels along the axon, the movement of ions causes a change in charge from positive to neutral in successive sections of the axon.
2. B) The action potential moves from one end of the axon to the other like a flame moving along a fuse.
3. C) After the impulse has passed through a particular section of the axon, negative ions are pumped out of that section, and its charge returns to positive while the action potential continues to move along the axon.
4. D) Just after an action potential has passed through a section of the axon, a neuron can fire again immediately if it receives appropriate stimulation.

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 55

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  How Neurons Fire

Learning Objective:  Explain how neurons transmit information.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

22) As an action potential occurs, the neuron’s electrical charge

1. A) changes from negative to neutral.
2. B) changes from positive to neutral.
3. C) changes from negative to positive.
4. D) changes from positive to negative.

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 48

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  How Neurons Fire

Learning Objective:  Explain how neurons transmit information.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

 

23) ________ are specialized neurons that fire not only when a person enacts a particular behavior, but also when a person simply observes another individual carrying out the same behavior.

1. A) Pharyngeal motor neuron
2. B) Mirror neurons
3. C) Ventral cord motor neuron
4. D) Amphid neurons

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 50

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Mirror Neurons

Learning Objective:  Explain how neurons transmit information.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

24) Regarding mirror neurons, which of the following statements is ACCURATE?

1. A) Mirror neurons are involved in face recognition and language acquisition, but not in empathy.
2. B) Mirror neurons are involved in empathy and face recognition, but not in language acquisition.
3. C) Mirror neurons are involved in empathy, language acquisition, and mood swings.
4. D) Mirror neurons are involved in empathy, language acquisition, and speech perception.

 

Answer:  D

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 50

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Mirror Neurons

Learning Objective:  Explain how neurons transmit information.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

25) A synapse is a

1. A) chemical.
2. B) signal.
3. C) joint.
4. D) gap.

 

Answer:  D

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 50

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Synapse

Learning Objective:  Identify the parts of a neuron.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

 

26) A ________ is the space between two neurons where the axon of a sending neuron communicates with the dendrites of a receiving neuron by using chemical messages.

1. A) synapse
2. B) terminal button
3. C) dendrite
4. D) myelin sheath

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 57

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Synapse

Learning Objective:  Identify the parts of a neuron.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

27) Which of the following statements regarding inhibitory messages is TRUE?

1. A) Inhibitory messages always increase the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire.
2. B) Inhibitory messages decrease the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire.
3. C) The dendrites of a neuron cannot receive both excitatory and inhibitory messages simultaneously.
4. D) Inhibitory messages make it more likely that an action potential will travel down its axon.

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 52

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurotransmitters

Learning Objective:  Identify the key neurotransmitters and their functions.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

28) The reabsorption of neurotransmitters by a terminal button is termed as

1. A) recycling.
2. B) reassertion.
3. C) reuptake.
4. D) reuse.

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 52

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurotransmitters

Learning Objective:  Explain how neurotransmitters influence behavior.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

 

29) In the context of neurotransmitters, identify an accurate statement.

1. A) They carry messages within neurons.
2. B) Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an example of an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
3. C) They are primarily responsible for breaking down mitochondria.
4. D) They have no effect on neuron behavior.

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 52

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurotransmitters

Learning Objective:  Identify the key neurotransmitters and their functions.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

30) The neurotransmitter dopamine is involved in

1. A) the brain’s effort to deal with a change in temperature.
2. B) the digestion of food.
3. C) the regulation of sleep, eating, mood, and pain.
4. D) movement, attention, and learning.

 

Answer:  D

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 52

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurotransmitters

Learning Objective:  Identify the key neurotransmitters and their functions.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

31) Which of the following neurotransmitters is correctly matched with one of its psychological functions?

1. A) acetylcholine and pain suppression
2. B) endorphins and movement control
3. C) dopamine and facilitation of learning
4. D) serotonin and contribution to memory

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 52

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurotransmitters

Learning Objective:  Identify the key neurotransmitters and their functions.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

 

32) Which of the following disorders is correctly paired with an associated neurotransmitter?

1. A) Parkinson’s disease and dopamine
2. B) Crohn’s disease and acetylcholine
3. C) Turner syndrome and glutamate
4. D) Alzheimer’s disease and endorphins

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 52

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurotransmitters

Learning Objective:  Identify the key neurotransmitters and their functions.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

33) Inhibitory is to excitatory what ________ is to ________.

1. A) glutamate; GABA
2. B) glutamate; acetylcholine
3. C) GABA; glutamate
4. D) endorphins; GABA

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 52

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurotransmitters

Learning Objective:  Identify the key neurotransmitters and their functions.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

34) Filip, aged 64, was recently diagnosed with Alzheimer’s. His medical reports will most likely reveal the diminished production of

1. A) dopamine.
2. B) serotonin.
3. C) acetylcholine.
4. D) gamma-amino butyric acid.

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 3 Hard     Page Ref: 52

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurotransmitters

Learning Objective:  Identify the key neurotransmitters and their functions.

Bloom’s:  Apply

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

 

35) Jack has lost his appetite, is unable to sleep, and experiences frequent mood swings. His condition can be attributed to the diminished production of the hormone

1. A) serotonin.
2. B) dopamine.
3. C) acetylcholine.
4. D) adrenaline.

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 3 Hard     Page Ref: 53

Section:  5: Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior

Topic:  Neurotransmitters

Learning Objective:  Identify the key neurotransmitters and their functions.

Bloom’s:  Apply

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

36) Which expression below most closely approximates the number of neural connections in the human brain?

1. A) 10 quadrillion
2. B) 1 million
3. C) 1 billion
4. D) 1 trillion

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 55

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Nervous System

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

37) The nervous system is divided into the ________ and the ________ nervous systems.

1. A) primary; secondary
2. B) somatic; autonomic
3. C) sympathetic; parasympathetic
4. D) central; peripheral

 

Answer:  D

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 55

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Nervous System

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

 

38) The brain and the spinal cord constitute the ________ nervous system.

1. A) central
2. B) peripheral
3. C) extraneous
4. D) parasympathetic

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 55

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Central Nervous System

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains; 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

39) ________ is an automatic, involuntary response to an incoming stimulus.

1. A) Action potential
2. B) Intuition
3. C) Instinct
4. D) Reflex

 

Answer:  D

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 55

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Reflexes

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

40) The ________ is the primary means for transmitting messages between the brain and the rest of the body.

1. A) hypothalamus
2. B) myelin sheath
3. C) axon
4. D) spinal cord

 

Answer:  D

Difficulty: 3 Hard     Page Ref: 55

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Central Nervous System

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

 

41) Which of the following is TRUE of the spinal cord’s control of behavior?

1. A) The spinal cord cannot control any behaviors without the help of the brain.
2. B) The spinal cord is not involved in reflexes.
3. C) The spinal cord can control some simple reflexes without the brain’s help.
4. D) The spinal cord can control relatively complex behavior without the brain’s help.

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 55

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Central Nervous System

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

42) The central nervous system is composed of ________. The peripheral nervous system comprises ________.

1. A) the somatic and autonomic nervous systems; the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
2. B) the somatic and autonomic nervous systems; the brain and the spinal cord
3. C) the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems; the somatic and autonomic nervous systems
4. D) the brain and the spinal cord; the somatic and autonomic nervous systems

 

Answer:  D

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 55, 57

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Nervous System

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

43) Sensory is to motor what ________ is to ________.

1. A) efferent; afferent
2. B) afferent; efferent
3. C) somatic; autonomic
4. D) autonomic; somatic

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 55

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Central Nervous System

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

 

44) ________ communicate information from the brain and nervous system to muscles and glands.

1. A) Sensory neurons
2. B) Interneurons
3. C) Motor neurons
4. D) Autoneurons

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 55

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Central Nervous System

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

45) The two major divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the ________ and ________ divisions.

1. A) somatic; autonomic
2. B) sympathetic; parasympathetic
3. C) afferent; efferent
4. D) sensory; motor

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 57

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Peripheral Nervous System

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

46) Lena falls down a flight of stairs. The impact of the fall results in the loss of voluntary muscle movement below her neck. Which of the following conditions is Lena suffering from?

1. A) salmonella
2. B) Turner syndrome
3. C) quadriplegia
4. D) Crohn’s disease

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 3 Hard     Page Ref: 57

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Central Nervous System

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Apply

APA Outcome:  1.3: Describe applications of psychology

 

 

47) ________ is the part of the peripheral nervous system that specializes in the control of voluntary movements and the communication of information to and from the sense organs.

1. A) Somatic division
2. B) Sympathetic division
3. C) Parasympathetic division
4. D) Autonomic division

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 57

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Peripheral Nervous System

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

48) Somatic is to autonomic what ________ is to ________.

1. A) involuntary; voluntary
2. B) voluntary; involuntary
3. C) sensory; motor
4. D) motor; sensory

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 3 Hard     Page Ref: 57

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Peripheral Nervous System

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

49) Emily is about to cross a road when she sees a car speeding toward her. She immediately jumps out of the way and is able to avoid major injuries. Which of the following is a part of the peripheral nervous system to which Emily’s reaction can be attributed?

1. A) the biofeedback division
2. B) the autonomic division
3. C) the spinal cord
4. D) the brain

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 3 Hard     Page Ref: 57

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Peripheral Nervous System

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Apply

APA Outcome:  1.3: Describe applications of psychology

 

 

50) The part of the autonomic division of the nervous system that acts to prepare the body for action in stressful situations, engaging all the organism’s resources to respond to a threat is known as the

1. A) somatic division.
2. B) sympathetic division.
3. C) parasympathetic division.
4. D) apathetic division.

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 57

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Autonomic Division

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

51) The “fight-or-flight” response is associated with the ________ division.

1. A) somatic
2. B) sympathetic
3. C) parasympathetic
4. D) apathetic

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 57

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Autonomic Division

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

52) The part of the autonomic division of the nervous system that acts to calm the body after an emergency has ended is known as the ________ division.

1. A) somatic
2. B) sympathetic
3. C) parasympathetic
4. D) apathetic

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 57

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Autonomic Division

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

 

53) The ________ division also directs the body to store energy for use in emergencies.

1. A) somatic
2. B) sympathetic
3. C) parasympathetic
4. D) apathetic

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 57

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Autonomic Division

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

54) Which of the following situations is most likely to involve the action of the parasympathetic nervous system?

1. A) Brooke’s finger accidentally grazes the hot iron; she immediately jerks her hand away.
2. B) After mistaking her roommate for a thief, Callum relaxes after having a glass of water.
3. C) Walking toward her car in a deserted parking lot one night, Danica is surprised by a strange man appearing from nowhere.
4. D) Peyton is preparing to go to bed and is alarmed to see a stranger at her window.

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 57

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Autonomic Division

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Apply

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains; 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

 

55) With respect to its potential basis in nervous system activity, “voodoo death” has been attributed to

1. A) the overstimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.
2. B) an overactive parasympathetic nervous system.
3. C) the cessation of sympathetic nervous system responses.
4. D) an understimulated central nervous system.

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 57

Section:  6: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating Within the Body

Topic:  Autonomic Division

Learning Objective:  Explain the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Essentials of Understanding Psychology, 13e (Feldman)

Chapter 4   States of Consciousness

 

1) ________ is the awareness of the sensations, thoughts, and feelings we experience at a given moment.

1. A) Perception
2. B) Intelligence
3. C) Speculation
4. D) Consciousness

 

Answer:  D

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 123

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Consciousness

Learning Objective:  Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

2) The earliest psychologists, including William James (1890),

1. A) saw consciousness as a product of particular sets of neurons and neuronal pathways that may be activated in specific ways.
2. B) rejected the idea that consciousness could be scientifically studied using several approaches.
3. C) suggested that the study of consciousness was central to the field of psychology.
4. D) argued that consciousness could be understood only by relying “unscientifically” on the experiences of experimental participants.

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 123

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Consciousness

Learning Objective:  Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

 

3) How long is a typical sleep cycle, in which a sleeper progresses through some or all of the sleep stages?

1. A) 1 hour
2. B) 90 minutes
3. C) 120 minutes
4. D) 5 hours

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 125

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Stages of Sleep

Learning Objective:  Explain the cycles of sleep.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

4) ________ is the state of transition between wakefulness and sleep, characterized by relatively rapid, low-amplitude brain waves.

1. A) Stage 1 sleep
2. B) Stage 2 sleep
3. C) Stage 3 sleep
4. D) Stage 4 sleep

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 125

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Stages of Sleep

Learning Objective:  Explain the cycles of sleep.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

5) During ________, images sometimes appear, as if we were viewing still photos.

1. A) stage 1 sleep
2. B) stage 2 sleep
3. C) stage 3 sleep
4. D) stage 4 sleep

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 125

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Stages of Sleep

Learning Objective:  Explain the cycles of sleep.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

 

6) Compared with the brain waves observed in stage 2 sleep, the brain waves in stage 3 sleep

1. A) are more rapid.
2. B) have higher peaks.
3. C) are interrupted by sleep spindles more frequently.
4. D) have lower amplitude.

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 125

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Stages of Sleep

Learning Objective:  Explain the cycles of sleep.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

7) Momentary interruptions of spiky waves called sleep spindles are characteristic of ________ sleep.

1. A) REM
2. B) stage 1
3. C) stage 2
4. D) stage 4

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 125

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Stages of Sleep

Learning Objective:  Explain the cycles of sleep.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

8) ________ is the deepest stage of sleep, during which we are least responsive to outside stimulation.

1. A) Stage 1 sleep
2. B) Stage 2 sleep
3. C) Stage 3 sleep
4. D) Stage 4 sleep

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 125

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Stages of Sleep

Learning Objective:  Explain the cycles of sleep.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

 

9) Which of the following sleep stages dominates the first half of the night?

1. A) stage 4
2. B) stage 3
3. C) stage 2
4. D) stage 1

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 125

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Stages of Sleep

Learning Objective:  Explain the cycles of sleep.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

10) People in their 20s spend about ________ percent of their sleep in stage 2, and approximately ________ percent of their sleep in REM sleep.

1. A) 25; 20
2. B) 25; 50
3. C) 50; 20
4. D) 50; 35

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 125-126

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Stages of Sleep

Learning Objective:  Explain the cycles of sleep.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

11) How do brain waves change as a sleeper progresses from stage 1 sleep to REM sleep?

1. A) Their amplitude decreases from stage 1 to stage 2, increases during stage 3, and then decreases again during REM sleep.
2. B) Their frequency decreases from stage 1 to stage 2, increases during stage 3, and then decreases again during REM sleep.
3. C) Their amplitude increases from stage 1 to stage 3 and then decreases during REM sleep.
4. D) Their frequency increases from stage 1 to stage 3 and then decreases during REM sleep.

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 125

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Stages of Sleep

Learning Objective:  Explain the cycles of sleep.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

 

12) Which of the following statements is TRUE of REM sleep?

1. A) It is the only sleep stage in which dreaming occurs.
2. B) The major muscles of the body appear to be paralyzed during this stage.
3. C) It is in this stage that dreams are least vivid.
4. D) Dreams that occur in this stage can rarely be remembered.

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 126

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  REM Sleep

Learning Objective:  Describe the nature and functions of dreams.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

13) Which of the following statements is TRUE of dreams occurring in REM sleep and NREM sleep?

1. A) Dreams occur only in REM sleep.
2. B) Dreams are equally likely to occur in REM and NREM sleep.
3. C) Dreams occur in NREM sleep, but less frequently than in REM sleep; NREM dreams are also less vivid than dreams in REM sleep.
4. D) Dreams occur in NREM sleep, but less frequently than in REM sleep; however, NREM dreams are more vivid than dreams in REM sleep.

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 126-127

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Dreams; REM Sleep

Learning Objective:  Describe the nature and functions of dreams.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

14) Which of the following statements is TRUE of REM sleep?

1. A) The heart rate slows down as a person moves from stage 3 to REM sleep.
2. B) Skeletal muscles become hyperactive during this stage.
3. C) It is the state of transition between wakefulness and sleep.
4. D) It is a shallower state of sleep than stage 3 sleep.

 

Answer:  D

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 126

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  REM Sleep

Learning Objective:  Explain the cycles of sleep.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

 

15) REM sleep is paradoxical because

1. A) the brain is active, but the major muscles of the body appear to be paralyzed.
2. B) the skeletal muscles remain active, but the brain is inactive.
3. C) the brain is less active than it is during other sleep stages.
4. D) both the brain and the body are inactive.

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 126

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  REM Sleep

Learning Objective:  Explain the cycles of sleep.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

16) Anya pulled all-nighters both last night and the night before. Tonight, finally, she anticipates going to bed at her usual time. Which of the following alternatives most accurately describes and identifies what Anya is likely to experience?

1. A) Anya will spend a greater proportion of her sleep time than usual in the REM stage. This phenomenon is called restoration.
2. B) Anya will spend a greater proportion of her sleep time than usual in the REM stage. This phenomenon is called rebound.
3. C) Anya will spend a greater proportion of her sleep time than usual in the NREM stages. This phenomenon is called restoration.
4. D) Anya will spend a greater proportion of her sleep time than usual in the NREM stages. This phenomenon is called rebound.

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 127

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  REM Sleep

Learning Objective:  Explain the cycles of sleep.

Bloom’s:  Apply

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains; 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena

 

 

17) The onset of REM sleep ________ the release of neurotransmitters called ________.

1. A) increases; endorphins
2. B) decreases; endorphins
3. C) starts; monoamines
4. D) stops; monoamines

 

Answer:  D

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 127

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  REM Sleep

Learning Objective:  Explain the cycles of sleep.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

18) Most people today sleep between ________ hours each night.

1. A) 2 and 3
2. B) 10 and 11
3. C) 4 and 5
4. D) 7 and 8

 

Answer:  D

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 128

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Need for Sleep

Learning Objective:  Explain the cycles of sleep.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

19) Which of the following is TRUE of sleeping patterns of men and women?

1. A) Women typically fall asleep more quickly than men.
2. B) Women have fewer concerns about the amount of sleep they get than men.
3. C) Men sleep for longer periods and more deeply than women.
4. D) Men get up fewer times in the night than women.

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 128

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Need for Sleep

Learning Objective:  Explain the cycles of sleep and the nature and function of dreams.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

 

20) Which of the following is TRUE of people who participate in sleep deprivation experiments?

1. A) Most people suffer permanent consequences of temporary sleep deprivation experiment.
2. B) They are more alert than people who do not take part in such experiments.
3. C) Their creativity levels remain unchanged.
4. D) They show a decline in logical reasoning ability.

 

Answer:  D

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 128

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Sleep Problems; Need for Sleep

Learning Objective:  Explain the cycles of sleep.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains; 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena

 

21) ________ are unusually frightening dreams that occur fairly often.

1. A) Lucid dreams
2. B) Nightmares
3. C) Precognitive dreams
4. D) Breakdown dreams

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 130

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Dreams

Learning Objective:  Describe the nature and functions of dreams.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

22) Sigmund Freud’s theory that dreams represent unconscious desires that dreamers want to see fulfilled is known as

1. A) unconscious wish fulfillment theory.
2. B) expectation fulfillment theory of dreaming.
3. C) dreams-for-survival theory.
4. D) activation-synthesis theory.

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 130

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Theories of Dreaming

Learning Objective:  Describe the nature and functions of dreams.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains; 2.2: Demonstrate psychology information literacy

 

 

23) According to Freud, the ________ content of dreams is the disguised meanings of dreams, hidden by more obvious subjects.

1. A) evident
2. B) manifest
3. C) latent
4. D) apparent

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 131

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Theories of Dreaming

Learning Objective:  Describe the nature and functions of dreams.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

24) Rachel has a dream that she is piloting an ultralight airplane. According to Rachel’s psychoanalyst, her dream is a representation of her hidden desire to engage in sexual intercourse. According to Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, which of the following statements is TRUE in the given scenario?

1. A) Flying is Esther’s conscious wish.
2. B) Flying is the latent content.
3. C) Flying is the manifest content.
4. D) Flying is Esther’s unconscious wish.

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 3 Hard     Page Ref: 131

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Theories of Dreaming

Learning Objective:  Describe the nature and functions of dreams.

Bloom’s:  Apply

APA Outcome:  1.3: Describe applications of psychology

 

25) The manifest content of a dream

1. A) consists of symbols.
2. B) only appears in nightmares.
3. C) is the underlying meaning of a dream.
4. D) is hidden by more obvious subjects.

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 131

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Theories of Dreaming

Learning Objective:  Describe the nature and functions of dreams.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

26) The dreams-for-survival theory

1. A) suggests that dreams represent key concerns growing out of our daily experiences.
2. B) concentrates on the notion that dreams represent unconscious wishes.
3. C) focuses on the random electrical energy that the brain produces during REM sleep.
4. D) suggests that areas of the cortex that are involved in particular waking behaviors are related to the content of dreams.

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 132

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Theories of Dreaming

Learning Objective:  Describe the nature and functions of dreams.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

27) Bella is worried about her upcoming exams. Although she has been studying diligently for the past two months, she keeps having a dream in which her mind goes blank as soon as she starts writing her exam paper. Sometimes, in her dreams, she forgets the way to the examination hall. In the given scenario, Bella’s dreams illustrate the

1. A) activation-synthesis theory.
2. B) psychoanalytic theory of dreams.
3. C) dreams-for-survival theory.
4. D) unconscious wish fulfillment theory.

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 3 Hard     Page Ref: 132

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Theories of Dreaming

Learning Objective:  Summarize the theories of dreaming.

Bloom’s:  Apply

APA Outcome:  1.3: Describe applications of psychology

 

 

28) In the ________, dreams represent concerns about our daily lives, illustrating our uncertainties, indecisions, ideas, and desires.

1. A) unconscious wish fulfillment theory
2. B) expectation fulfillment theory of dreaming
3. C) dreams-for-survival theory
4. D) activation-synthesis theory

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 132

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Theories of Dreaming

Learning Objective:  Summarize the theories of dreaming.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains; 2.2: Demonstrate psychology information literacy

 

29) Dr. Gremillion argues that dreams function to focus on and consolidate memories. They represent concerns about our daily lives, illustrating our uncertainties, indecisions, ideas, and desires. Dr. Gremillion subscribes to the ________ theory of the function of dreams.

1. A) wish fulfillment
2. B) dreams-for-survival
3. C) activation-synthesis
4. D) symbolic-meaning

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 132

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Theories of Dreaming

Learning Objective:  Summarize the theories of dreaming.

Bloom’s:  Apply

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

 

30) The ________ focuses on the random electrical energy that the brain produces during REM sleep, possibly as a result of changes in the production of particular neurotransmitters.

1. A) unconscious wish fulfillment theory
2. B) expectation fulfillment theory of dreaming
3. C) dreams-for-survival theory
4. D) activation-synthesis theory

 

Answer:  D

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 132

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Theories of Dreaming

Learning Objective:  Summarize the theories of dreaming.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains; 2.2: Demonstrate psychology information literacy

 

31) According to the activation information modulation (AIM) theory,

1. A) dreaming is considered an inheritance from our animal ancestors.
2. B) during REM sleep, the brain produces random electrical energy that stimulates memories stored in the brain.
3. C) areas of the cortex that are involved in particular waking behaviors are related to the content of dreams.
4. D) dreams permit information that is critical for our daily survival to be reconsidered and reprocessed during sleep.

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 133

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Theories of Dreaming

Learning Objective:  Summarize the theories of dreaming.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

 

32) According to activation information modulation (AIM) theory, dreams are initiated in the brain’s

1. A) pons.
2. B) medulla.
3. C) prefrontal cortex.
4. D) amygdala.

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 133

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Theories of Dreaming

Learning Objective:  Summarize the theories of dreaming.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

33) Which of the following statements is TRUE of the activation information modulation (AIM) theory?

1. A) It suggests that the particular scenario a dreamer produces is not random but instead is a clue to the dreamer’s fears, emotions, and concerns.
2. B) It considers dreaming an inheritance from our animal ancestors, whose small brains were unable to sift sufficient information during waking hours.
3. C) It proposes that dreams typically represent unconscious wishes and that particular objects and events in a dream are symbolic.
4. D) It suggests that certain common symbols with universal meanings appear in dreams.

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 133

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Theories of Dreaming

Learning Objective:  Explain the cycles of sleep and the nature and function of dreams.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

34) Which figure best approximates the proportion of people afflicted by insomnia?

1. A) 1/5
2. B) 1/4
3. C) 1/3
4. D) 1/2

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 133

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Sleep Problems

Learning Objective:  Describe the major sleep disorders.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

35) Which sleep disturbance is correctly matched with its description?

1. A) sleep apnea—difficulty breathing during sleep
2. B) narcolepsy—sudden awakenings accompanied by extreme fear, panic, and strong physiological arousal
3. C) night terrors—sudden sleep during waking consciousness
4. D) insomnia—temporary paralysis of the body before or after sleep

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 133

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Sleep Problems

Learning Objective:  Describe the major sleep disorders.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

36) Ethan feels that he has been sleeping through the night, but he wakes up tired and feels fatigued the whole day. Ethan’s doctor tells Ethan that he has most likely been waking up frequently in the night because of obstructed breathing while sleeping. In the given scenario, the doctor most likely suspects that Ethan is suffering from

1. A) night terrors.
2. B) sleep apnea.
3. C) bruxism.
4. D) narcolepsy.

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 3 Hard     Page Ref: 133

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Sleep Problems

Learning Objective:  Describe the major sleep disorders.

Bloom’s:  Apply

APA Outcome:  1.3: Describe applications of psychology

 

 

37) Based on your reading of the text, ________ may play a role in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

1. A) sleep apnea
2. B) narcolepsy
3. C) bruxism
4. D) insomnia

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 133

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Sleep Problems

Learning Objective:  Describe the major sleep disorders.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

38) ________ is/are sudden awakenings from non-REM sleep that are accompanied by extreme fear, panic, and strong physiological arousal.

1. A) Bruxism
2. B) Narcolepsy
3. C) Night terrors
4. D) Sleep apnea

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 133

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Sleep Problems

Learning Objective:  Describe the major sleep disorders.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

39) Night terrors usually occur during ________ sleep.

1. A) stage 3
2. B) REM
3. C) stage 2
4. D) stage 1

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 133

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Sleep Problems

Learning Objective:  Describe the major sleep disorders.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

 

40) Four-year-old DeMarcus falls asleep shortly after his 8:30 p.m. bedtime. At about 9:45 p.m., he suddenly sits up in bed, breathing rapidly, and appearing to be in a state of sheer panic. DeMarcus is experiencing

1. A) bruxism.
2. B) a narcoleptic attack.
3. C) night terrors.
4. D) sleep apnea.

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 133

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Sleep Problems

Learning Objective:  Describe the major sleep disorders.

Bloom’s:  Apply

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

41) ________ refers to uncontrollable sleeping that occurs for short periods while a person is awake.

1. A) Bruxism
2. B) Narcolepsy
3. C) Night terror
4. D) Sleep apnea

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 133

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Sleep Problems

Learning Objective:  Describe the major sleep disorders.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

42) Natalia fell asleep while discussing a project with her classmate. A few days later, she fell asleep while making an argument in the school debate. She has stopped driving her car to school as she is afraid she might fall asleep while driving. Natalia is showing symptoms of

1. A) bruxism.
2. B) circadian rhythm disorder.
3. C) sleep apnea.
4. D) narcolepsy.

 

Answer:  D

Difficulty: 3 Hard     Page Ref: 133

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Sleep Problems

Learning Objective:  Describe the major sleep disorders.

Bloom’s:  Apply

APA Outcome:  1.3: Describe applications of psychology

 

43) Sleepwalking and sleeptalking both occur during ________ of sleep.

1. A) stage 4
2. B) stage 3
3. C) stage 2
4. D) stage 1

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 134

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Sleep Problems

Learning Objective:  Describe the major sleep disorders.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

44) Biological processes occurring on a cycle of approximately 24 hours are termed as

1. A) biorhythms.
2. B) diurnal rhythms.
3. C) circadian rhythms.
4. D) primal rhythms.

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 134

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Circadian Rhythms

Learning Objective:  Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.

Bloom’s:  Remember

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

45) Which of the following statements is TRUE of the body’s circadian rhythms?

1. A) They speed up the heart before dawn to prepare us for the day’s challenges.
2. B) They are controlled by the corpus callosum.
3. C) They are biological processes that occur regularly on approximately a 28-day cycle.
4. D) They remain unaffected by the relative amount of light and darkness to which we are exposed.

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 134

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Circadian Rhythms

Learning Objective:  Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

 

46) Which of the following statements is TRUE of daydreams?

1. A) People are awake when they construct daydreams.
2. B) People who engage in daydreaming have enhanced awareness of their immediate surroundings.
3. C) Daydreams occur when people take a nap during daytime.
4. D) The brain is inactive during daydreaming.

 

Answer:  A

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 135

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Daydreams

Learning Objective:  Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

47) During daydreaming,

1. A) the brain engages in reverse learning to eliminate unnecessary information.
2. B) receptor cells get some necessary rest that helps increase their sensitivity during periods of wakefulness.
3. C) brain activity is reduced as a result of weakened neural connections to conserve energy.
4. D) brain areas that are associated with complex problem solving become activated.

 

Answer:  D

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 136

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Daydreams

Learning Objective:  Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

48) Which of the following solutions will help overcome insomnia?

1. A) trying to sleep even when one is not tired
2. B) taking sleeping pills
3. C) exercising during the day
4. D) drinking caffeine after lunch

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 1 Easy     Page Ref: 137

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Sleep Problems

Learning Objective:  Describe the major sleep disorders.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

 

49) Irv can’t sleep, so he makes himself a cup of warm milk. Will this work?

1. A) No. He should instead buy some sleeping pills from the drug store.
2. B) No. It is just a myth that milk induces sleep.
3. C) Yes. Milk contains tryptophan, which promotes sleep.
4. D) Yes, but it will disrupt his sleep cycle.

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 137

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Sleep Problems

Learning Objective:  Describe the major sleep disorders.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

 

50) Which of the following is a recommended solution if one has trouble sleeping?

1. A) drinking coffee just before bedtime
2. B) avoiding sleeping pills
3. C) avoiding milk after lunch
4. D) trying to induce sleep by lying in bed

 

Answer:  B

Difficulty: 2 Medium     Page Ref: 137

Section:  12: Sleep and Dreams

Topic:  Sleep Problems

Learning Objective:  Describe the major sleep disorders.

Bloom’s:  Understand

APA Outcome:  1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

 

51) Robert suffers from chronic pain but does not like to take medication. He visits a therapist who helps him concentrate on relaxing different parts of his body. The therapist then suggests Robert’s pain is gradually reducing, and Robert experiences a gradual decline in pain. In the given scenario, the therapist is most likely using the technique of

1. A) cognitive therapy.
2. B) spiritualism.
3. C) hypnotism.
4. D) interpersonal therapy.

 

Answer:  C

Difficulty: 3 Hard     Page Ref: 141

Section:  13: Hypnosis and Meditation

Topic:  Hypnosis

Learning Objective:  Explain hypnosis and its effects.

Bloom’s:  Apply

APA Outcome:  1.3: Describe applications of psychology