Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice 9th Edition by Joycelyn M. Pollock – Test Bank

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Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice 9th Edition by Joycelyn M. Pollock – Test Bank

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Chapter_2_Determining_Moral_Behavior

 

 

1. Which of the following statements about deontological ethical systems is true?
   1. Deontological systems focus on the person’s intent instead of the consequences of one’s
   2. Deontological systems focus on the outcome of a person’s
   3. Deontological systems permit immoral actions as long as the community at large
   4. None of the above is

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

2. An ethical system that judges the consequences of an act is referred to as:
   1. a deontological ethical
   2. a teleological ethical
   3. a formal ethical
   4. a Kantian ethical

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

3. Immanuel Kant is most associated with which ethical system?
   1. utilitarianism
   2. ethics of care
   3. ethics of virtue
   4. ethical formalism

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

4. An ethical system which bases ethics largely upon one’s character and possession of certain valued qualities is:
   1. ethics of care
   2. ethics of virtue
   3. ethical formalism
   4. enlightened egoism

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

5. Which statement is not consistent with ethical formalism?
   1. Moral law is self-imposed.
   2. Moral actions are determined by
   3. Lying is never
   4. Individuals cannot control the consequences of their

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

6. Which statement about hypothetical imperatives is true?
   1. Hypothetical imperatives command action that is necessary without any reference to intended purposes or
   2. Hypothetical imperatives refer to the concept that some things just must be and don’t require further
   3. Hypothetical imperatives refer to the imperative that you should do your duty and act the way you want everyone else to
   4. Hypothetical imperatives are commands that designate certain actions to attain certain

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

7. The principle directs a decision maker to act according to a specific, unbending
   1. generalization
   2. imperative
   3. utilitarian
   4. golden mean

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Other Methods of Ethical Decision Making

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

8. As a proponent of utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham believed that the morality of an action should be determined by:
   1. whether it enriches the person committing the
   2. how much it contributes to the good of the
   3. how closely it aligns with one’s religious
   4. how closely it aligns with the

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

9. Which of the following is not a requirement of ethical systems?
   1. universal in nature
   2. authoritative
   3. rooted in religion
   4. not-self serving

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

10. A structured set of principles that defines what is moral is referred to as:
    1. a norm
    2. an ethical
    3. a morality
    4. a value

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

11. The authority of religious ethics, in particular such as those of Judeo-Christian ethics, stems from a God that is:
    1. present in
    2. never questioned
    3. willful and
    4. a reflection of each

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

12. According to Barry, human beings can “know” God’s will in three Which of the following is not one of these three ways?
    1. individual conscience
    2. religious authorities
    3. holy scriptures
    4. rites of passage

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

13. Which is not considered a moral virtue?
    1. thriftiness
    2. industriousness
    3. love
    4. honesty

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

14. The system known as “ethics of virtue” is associated with:

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

15. Aristotle’s concept of moderation, in which one should not err toward excess or deficiency, is called:
    1. the principle of
    2. the principle of the golden
    3. the principle of moral
    4. the principle of the moral

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

16. Which of the following is not one of “The Six Pillars of Character” presented in the text?
    1. fairness
    2. caring
    3. respect
    4. humility

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

17. Which of “The Six Pillars of Character” encompasses the ideas of altruism and benevolence?
    1. citizenship
    2. trustworthiness
    3. caring
    4. respect

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

18. Which ethical system is concerned with needs and relationships?
    1. virtue
    2. religion
    3. ethical formalism
    4. ethics of care

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

19. The peacemaking process is composed of three parts: connectedness, caring, and:
    4. equity

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

20. Which of the following is one of the three principles of ethical decision making as described by Krogstand and Robertson?
    1. the egoistic principle
    2. the golden mean principle
    3. the utilitarian principle
    4. the ethical principle

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Other Methods of Ethical Decision Making

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

21. Which ethical system embraces human’s inclination for self-preservation?
    1. ethical formalism
    2. natural law
    3. ethics of care
    4. ethics of virtue

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care. ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

22. Which religious system specifies that ethical conduct must be based on universal love and compassion for all living beings?
    1. Buddhism
    2. Judaism
    3. Islam
    4. Hinduism

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care. ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

23. Altruistic acts that benefit the individual by ensuring reciprocal assistance reflect:
    1. enlightened
    2. altruistic
    3. psychological
    4. religious

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                   Egoism: Ethical System or Not?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.03 – Discuss the argument as to whether egoism is an ethical system.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

24. ____________ suggests that what is good for one’s survival and personal happiness is
    1. Altruism
    2. Narcissism
    3. Egoism
    4. Philanthropy

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Egoism: Ethical System or Not?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.03 – Discuss the argument as to whether egoism is an ethical system.

ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

25. Someone who gives to charity or volunteers for the purpose of creating emotional pleasure for himself is exhibiting:
    1. enlightened
    2. altruistic
    3. psychological
    4. religious

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Egoism: Ethical System or Not?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.03 – Discuss the argument as to whether egoism is an ethical system.

ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

26. Which of the following statements about the principle of forfeiture is false?
    1. It holds that people who treat others as means to an end forfeit the right to protection of their own freedom and well-being.
    2. It holds that people who aggress forfeit their own right to be protected from
    3. It holds that self-defense is morally
    4. It holds that lying to a person who threatens harm is

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Relativism, Absolutism, and Universalism

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.04 – Explain the controversy between relativism and absolutism (or universalism).

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

27. Situational ethics is often used as a synonym for:

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Relativism, Absolutism, and Universalism

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.04 – Explain the controversy between relativism and absolutism (or universalism).

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

28. Because ethical formalism requires moral behavior regardless of the circumstances, it can be considered a(n)

________________  system.

1. theological
2. absolutist
3. legalist
4. relativist

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Relativism, Absolutism, and Universalism

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.04 – Explain the controversy between relativism and absolutism (or universalism).

ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

29. Which system suggests that there are no moral absolutes, and that what is deemed “good” and “bad” can be

different from group to group?

1. moral absolutism
2. ethical relativism
3. sub-cultural moralism
4. global relativism

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Relativism, Absolutism, and Universalism

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.04 – Explain the controversy between relativism and absolutism (or universalism).

ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

30. The concept that there are fundamental truths that may dictate different definitions of what is moral in different situations is called:
    1. moral
    3. ethical
    4. natural

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                   Relativism, Absolutism, and Universalism

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.04 – Explain the controversy between relativism and absolutism (or universalism).

ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

George has always been a peaceful, law-abiding man, and he has raised his kids to be the same way. He donates to charitable causes and provides a comfortable life for his family. One night he takes his kids to a carnival and in the parking lot, they are confronted by an armed robber. The robber has a knife and threatens to harm one of George’s kids if he does not hand over his wallet.

31. A deontological response to the situation would require George to:
    1. remain passive, regardless of the
    2. consider the wishes of the robber as well as his
    3. fight hard against the robber, regardless of the injury he might
    4. only be concerned with protecting

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

PREFACE NAME:              Case 2.1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

32. A teleological response to the situation would require George to:
    1. remain passive, regardless of the
    2. pray for
    3. fight hard against the robber, regardless of the injury he might
    4. only be concerned with protecting

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

PREFACE NAME:              Case 2.1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

33. As stated in the scenario, George donates to charity but still provides a comfortable life for his He has found a balance between the competing virtues of giving to the less-fortunate while also ensuring that he provides for his family. This is an illustration of:
    1. ethical
    3. situational
    4. principle of the golden

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

PREFACE NAME:              Case 2.1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care. ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

34. George has always professed non-violence, but in this instance he fights the robber to protect his Technically, by fighting, he is violating his moral belief that one should be non-violent. His decision to fight in this instance is an example of:
    4. situational

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                   Relativism, Absolutism, and Universalism

PREFACE NAME:              Case 2.1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.04 – Explain the controversy between relativism and absolutism (or universalism).

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

Mary is a newly-hired police officer. One day she observes two fellow officers removing drugs from the evidence room. Mary’s values include a devotion to loyalty, so she is inclined to protect her fellow officers. At the same time, she also believes in upholding the law.

35. Mary’s decision to report the crime had negative effects for the two officers involved, and for Mary However, the rest of the community has benefited from the removal of corrupt police officers. A(n)  viewpoint would find this outcome to be ethical.
    1. absolutist
    2. utilitarian
    3. egoist
    4. imperative

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

PREFACE NAME:              Case 2.2

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

36. Mary’s situation is an example of:
    1. an ethical
    2. cultural
    4. Aristotle’s “golden ”

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                   Other Methods of Ethical Decision Making

PREFACE NAME:              Case 2.2

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

37. Mary decides to report the crime that she observed, even though it will mean that her fellow officers will lose their jobs and might also be She has decided that the other officers brought this upon themselves; they were originally worthy of her loyalty, but lost that loyalty through their own actions. This illustrates:
    1. ethical
    3. principle of
    4. principle of the golden

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Relativism, Absolutism, and Universalism

PREFACE NAME:              Case 2.2

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.04 – Explain the controversy between relativism and absolutism (or universalism).

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

The environmental movement in the United States seeks to protect forests and other pristine lands. To most Americans, respecting natural lands and animals probably is consistent with their ethical system. In some other countries, laws protecting the lands do not exist. Farmers and ranchers routinely “slash and burn” in order to farm or raise livestock, and loggers harvest trees indiscriminately. There is no ethical dilemma, since their society accepts these practices as normal and necessary.

38. In America, state, federal, and local governments have enacted laws to protect forests from Through these laws, the overall community is protected, even though individuals may be negatively affected. By meeting the needs of the overall community, these laws exhibit:
    1. principle of
    2. principle of the golden
    3. hypothetical

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

PREFACE NAME:              Case 2.3

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

39. Farmers, ranchers, and loggers in these countries engage in these practices because they deem it necessary to provide for their Because their focus is on providing for their families and communities, they are adhering to the ethical system known as:
    1. ethics of
    3. psychological
    4. golden

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

PREFACE NAME:              Case 2.3

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care. ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

40. In this instance, their society’s definitions differ from the American This is an example of:
    3. cultural

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Relativism, Absolutism, and Universalism

PREFACE NAME:              Case 2.3

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.04 – Explain the controversy between relativism and absolutism (or universalism).

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

41. Utilitarianism is a teleological ethical
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

42. Telling a lie to someone who doesn’t deserve the truth is not a lie according to ethical
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

43. The imperative principle is associated with
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                   Other Methods of Ethical Decision Making

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

44. Giving someone a car because they need it is a good act according to ethical formalism, even if he later dies in a crash because the brakes
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

45. Utilitarianism would sacrifice the desires of the individual for the good of the
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

46. A teleological ethical system would approve of a bad act if it resulted in a good
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

47. A man makes a donation to charity for the purpose of looking good to his A deontological review of this action would find it immoral.
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

48. Ethical systems are the same as moral
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

49. The definition of eudaimonia or happiness is equivalent to the idea of
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

50. Under the ethics of virtue philosophy, it is possible to have an excess of honor, truth, or
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

51. The most commonly utilized ethical systems are religion and
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

52. Socrates believed that ignorance leads to bad behavior because if one was rational and wise, he or she would know what virtue was and behave
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

53. Aristotle believed that, by nature, we are born “good” and some later learn to be
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

54. Egoism is usually the only ethical system that can justify the behavior of one performing an illegal or harmful
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                   Egoism: Ethical System or Not?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.03 – Discuss the argument as to whether egoism is an ethical system.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

55. “Situational ethics” is an example of an absolutist ethical
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                   Relativism, Absolutism, and Universalism

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.04 – Explain the controversy between relativism and absolutism (or universalism).

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

56. ethical systems emphasize the intent of the actor or good will as the key element of

ANSWER:                            Deontological

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

57. Under ethics, the murder of one person would be justified if it resulted in many others being

ANSWER:                            utilitarian

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

58. The term holds that the only thing truly good is a good will, and what is good is that which conforms to the categorical imperative ethical

ANSWER:                            ethical formalism

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

59. is an ethical system that favors acts that result in the greatest good for the greatest number of

ANSWER:                            Utilitarianism

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.01 – Define deontological and teleological ethical systems, and explain ethical formalism and utilitarianism.

ETHI.POLL.17.02.05 – Identify what is good according to each of the ethical systems discussed in the chapter.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

60. is a concept that holds that when an act is considered wrong then it is wrong for all

ANSWER:                            Universalism

REFERENCES:                   Relativism, Absolutism, and Universalism

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

61. As defined in the text, a(n) is a person’s source of moral principles and includes the underlying premises upon

which one bases judgments.

ANSWER:                            ethical system

REFERENCES:                   Ethical Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.02.02 ­ Describe how other ethical systems define what is moral –

specifically, ethics of virtue, natural law, religion, and ethics of care.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

Chapter_4_Becoming_an_Ethical_Professional

 

 

1. Which part of the brain is associated with feelings of empathy, shame, and moral reasoning?
   1. frontal lobes
   2. inferior parietal lobe
   3. left hemisphere
   4. right hemisphere

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ETHI.POLL.17.04.01 – Under corrective justice, distinguish between substantive and procedural justice, including how procedural justice impacts wrongful convictions and perceptions of racial discrimination.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of frontal lobe damage?
   1. difficulty in logical reasoning
   2. impulsivity
   3. tendency toward apathy
   4. loss of motor function

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ETHI.POLL.17.04.01 – Under corrective justice, distinguish between substantive and procedural justice, including how procedural justice impacts wrongful convictions and perceptions of racial discrimination.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

3. Studies regarding biological sex differences in brain activity found evidence of sex differences in all except:
   1. antisocial
   3. conduct

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ETHI.POLL.17.04.01 – Under corrective justice, distinguish between substantive and procedural justice, including how procedural justice impacts wrongful convictions and perceptions of racial discrimination.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

4. Shermer believes that morality is a product of?
   1. learning
   2. reasoning
   3. evolution
   4. negative reinforcement

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ETHI.POLL.17.04.01 – Under corrective justice, distinguish between substantive and procedural justice, including how procedural justice impacts wrongful convictions and perceptions of racial discrimination.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

5. The phrase “ghost in the machine” refers to the incorrect belief that:
   1. DNA can be
   2. oxytocin causes
   3. whistleblowers can make anonymous
   4. the body is separate from the

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ETHI.POLL.17.04.01 – Under corrective justice, distinguish between substantive and procedural justice, including how procedural justice impacts wrongful convictions and perceptions of racial discrimination.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

6. According to the text, injury to the frontal lobe of the brain can result in all of the following except:
   1. memory
   2. decreased attention
   3. an difficulty following
   4. tactless

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ETHI.POLL.17.04.01 – Under corrective justice, distinguish between substantive and procedural justice, including how procedural justice impacts wrongful convictions and perceptions of racial discrimination.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

7. Which of the following is a type of test that measures an individual’s ability to recognize and/or agree with moral terms?
   1. memory tests
   2. spatial skill tests
   3. recognition tests
   4. intelligence tests

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

8. According to learning theorists:
   1. behavior arises from moral
   2. moral behavior arises through
   3. moral beliefs arise from a habit of moral behavior that is the product of
   4. negative reinforcement is the most effective way to teach moral

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

9. Cognitive dissonance, modeling, and reinforcement are all elements of:
   1. learning
   2. Kohlberg’s moral stages
   3. ethical
   4. moral disengagement

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

10. Social learning theory was developed by:
    1. Albert
    2. Jean
    3. Skinner.
    4. Erik

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

11. Self-efficacy, an individual’s feelings of competence, is developed by:
    1. earning praise from a
    2. comparing one’s self to
    3. participating in
    4. participating in

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

12. Which of the following statements about social learning theory is true?
    1. Social learning theory was developed by Lawrence
    2. Social learning theory reflects the idea of modeling as the mechanism of
    3. Social learning theorists believe moral behavior is
    4. Social learning theorists believe that as we develop, we move from pure egoism toward

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

13. Which of the following statements about developmental theories is false?
    1. Developmental theories propose that individuals mature physically, cognitively, and
    2. Developmental theories argue that individuals have normal growth phases in areas such as morality and emotional
    3. Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg are well-known developmental
    4. Kohlberg’s moral stages of development consist of two levels of moral reasoning, with three stages in each

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

14. According to Kohlberg, which is the first stage of moral development?
    1. punishment and obedience orientation
    2. instrument and relativity orientation
    3. social contract orientation
    4. law and order orientation

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

15. In which of Kohlberg’s moral stages do individuals control their behavior so as to not hurt others’ feelings or be

thought of as bad?

1. Stage 1
2. Stage 2
3. Stage 3
4. Stage 4

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

16. During Kohlberg’s level, a person moves beyond the norms and laws of a society to determine universal good, that is, what is good for all
    1. pre-conventional
    2. post-conventional
    3. un-conventional
    4. conventional

 

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

17. During Kohlberg’s ____________ level, people perceive themselves as members of society, and living up to role responsibilities is paramount in believing oneself to be
    1. pre-conventional
    2. post-conventional
    3. un-conventional
    4. conventional

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

18. Which of the following individuals added a “care perspective” to Kohlberg’s theory?
    1. Jean Piaget
    2. Albert Bandura
    3. Carol Gilligan
    4. Jackson Flanagan

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

19. Which of the following statements about developmental theories is true?
    1. Developmental theories propose that individuals mature physically, cognitively, and
    2. Developmental theorists believe that exceptionally bright individuals can skip
    3. Bentham is a well-known developmental
    4. Developmental theories argue that individual have normal “moral ”

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

20. In order to facilitate modeling, identification, and persuasive authority, ethical leaders should:
    1. continually provide in-service
    2. foster personal relationships with their
    3. pursue an advanced degree as a way to exhibit
    4. seek advice from other leaders in similar

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.03 – Describe research that addresses work group influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

21. A survey of police chiefs found that they recommend that ethics training should focus on ______________ rather than
    1. shared values and problem solving
    2. legal requirements for each position
    3. reviewing and updating the organization’s Code of Ethics
    4. defining basic terms for new recruits

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.03 – Describe research that addresses work group influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

22. Sanitizing language, such as “wasting” or “whacking” instead of killing is an example of:
    1. behavioral
    2. metaphorical
    3. cognitive
    4. euphemistic

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.03 – Describe research that addresses work group influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

23. According to Bandura,self-regulation can be “turned off,” leading to inhumane acts, through cognitive restructuring via several different Which of the following is not one of these mechanisms?
    1. dehumanization
    2. displacement of responsibility
    3. advantageous labeling
    4. disregard of the consequences

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.03 – Describe research that addresses work group influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

24. According to the text, which of the following is not a factor affecting the ethical climate of an organization?
    1. leadership
    2. state and local laws
    3. reward structure
    4. organizational messages

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.03 – Describe research that addresses work group influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

25. Wolfe and Piquero found that officers who perceived that organizational procedures were fair were less likely to:
    1. resign prior to
    2. call in
    3. file discrimination
    4. engage in

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.03 – Describe research that addresses work group influences on behavior.

ETHI.POLL.17.04.04 – Become familiar with organizational influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

26. Research indicates, for instance, that when workers are busy and stressed, they are more likely to make unethical choices because, possibly, the brain processes responsible for _____________ is already overloaded with other
    1. remembering ethics training
    2. perceiving instructions being given
    3. communicating with co-workers
    4. rationally deciding the correct action

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.04 – Become familiar with organizational influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

27. The idea that workers feel they are being treated fairly is known as:
    1. organizational
    2. occupational
    3. workgroup
    4. ethical

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.04 – Become familiar with organizational influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

28. According to the “corruption continuum,” organizations can become corrupt through all of the following except:
    1. administrative indifference toward
    2. ignoring obvious ethical
    3. hypocrisy and fear-dominated
    4. charismatic

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.04 – Become familiar with organizational influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

29. ________________ are often put into place to guard against ethics problems but sometimes have the unintended effect of actually increasing unethical
    1. Polygraph examinations
    2. Compliance systems
    3. Honor systems
    4. Security cameras

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.04 – Become familiar with organizational influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

30. Which of the following was not mentioned as a consequence of recent events involving police use of force?
    1. body cameras for police
    2. disarming local police officers
    3. special prosecutors
    4. citizen review boards

 

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Societal and Cultural Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.05 – Become familiar with cultural and societal influences on ethical behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

A terrorist leader has recruited new volunteers and is addressing them. He tells them that their mission will “eliminate” many people but that they would be serving a higher purpose. He explains that their group’s struggle depends on martyrs such as themselves. He goes on to say that their victims belong to a lesser class of people and refers to them with an insulting ethnic slur. He declares that they deserve to be eliminated. The new volunteers not only agree to take part in a suicide mission, they are happy to have been chosen.

31. By telling the recruits that their victims are a lesser class of people and calling them an insulting name, the leader is using which method of cognitive restructuring?
    1. dehumanization
    2. cognitive dissonance
    3. advantageous comparison
    4. displacement of responsibility

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

PREFACE NAME:              Case 4.1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.03 – Describe research that addresses work group influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

32. By referring to the recruits as “martyrs” and saying that their mission will serve a higher purpose, leader is using which method of cognitive restructuring?
    1. dehumanization
    2. moral justification
    3. advantageous comparison
    4. displacement of responsibility

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

PREFACE NAME:              Case 4.1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.03 – Describe research that addresses work group influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

33. The volunteers accept the instructions of their leader and intend to carry out the They have no ethical reservations, as they have been trained to follow orders. Which method of cognitive restructuring are the volunteers employing?
    1. dehumanization
    2. cognitive dissonance
    3. advantageous comparison
    4. displacement of responsibility

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

PREFACE NAME:              Case 4.1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.03 – Describe research that addresses work group influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

34. By telling the recruits that they will be “eliminating” victims (as opposed to “killing,” “blowing up,” “gunning down,”

etc.), the leader is using which method of cognitive restructuring?

1. euphemistic labeling
2. cognitive dissonance
3. advantageous comparison
4. displacement of responsibility

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

PREFACE NAME:              Case 4.1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.03 – Describe research that addresses work group influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

Joe is in charge of an FBI field office. His office has been monitoring an organized crime family in his jurisdiction. The criminals have been unusually active lately, and there has been much criticism in the media about the FBI’s inability to shut them down. Joe approves the use of GPS trackers to gather intelligence, despite having been told in the past that doing so without a warrant was a violation of suspects’ rights.

35. Joe’s decision to ignore his ethical reservations is a result of the pressure he feels to obtain Bazerman and Tenbrunsel would refer to Joe’s decision as:
    1. euphemistic
    2. motivated
    3. advantageous
    4. failure of

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

PREFACE NAME:              Case 4.2

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.04 – Become familiar with organizational influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

36. Since Joe was, at one time, faithful to the rules regarding GPS trackers, but has dropped his opposition over time, he has demonstrated:
    1. moral
    2. a synthesizing
    3. ethical
    4. characteristics of a “noble ”

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

PREFACE NAME:              Case 4.2

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.04 – Become familiar with organizational influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

37. If an agent in Joe’s office reports Joe’s actions, that agent would be referred to as:
    1. an inside
    2. a
    3. a “disciplined ”
    4. a “noble ”

 

ANSWER:                            b

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

PREFACE NAME:              Case 4.2

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.04 – Become familiar with organizational influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

In the text, the author describes an experiment in which a group of children were told a hypothetical story in which an adult punished a neutral act, such as a child practicing a musical instrument. Afterward, the children classified the act of playing a musical instrument as bad behavior.

38. This experiment lends credence to the power of:
    1. cognitive
    3. the “blank ”

 

ANSWER:                            d

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

PREFACE NAME:              Case 4.3

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

The text mentions the case of Penn State football coach Jerry Sandusky, who was convicted of more than 40 counts of child sexual assault. His crimes occurred over a span of more than 10 years, as Penn State administrators failed  to act, despite their knowledge of his behavior. At one point, another coach witnessed an assault, but only reported it to the head coach, who in turn only reported it to his superior.

39. Which of Bandura’s methods of “cognitive restructuring” is illustrated by the other coaches who felt they had done their duty by merely passing the information up the chain?
    1. diffusion of responsibility
    2. euphemistic labeling
    3. dehumanization
    4. advantageous comparison

 

ANSWER:                            a

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

PREFACE NAME:              Case 4.4

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.03 – Describe research that addresses work group influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

40. All of the following elements of Trautman’s “corruption continuum” seem to be present in the description of the Penn State scandal found in the chapter, except:
    1. ignoring obvious ethical
    2. administrative indifference toward
    3. lack of a published Code of Ethics for the
    4. a survival-of-the-fittest approach by employees, who commit unethical acts to protect

 

ANSWER:                            c

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.04 – Become familiar with organizational influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

41. Some biological theorists believe that morality lies in the “emotion” centers of the
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ETHI.POLL.17.04.01 – Under corrective justice, distinguish between substantive and procedural justice, including how procedural justice impacts wrongful convictions and perceptions of racial discrimination.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

42. The brain releases oxytocin in settings where there are feelings of anger or
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ETHI.POLL.17.04.01 – Under corrective justice, distinguish between substantive and procedural justice, including how procedural justice impacts wrongful convictions and perceptions of racial discrimination.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

43. Zak refers to oxytocin as the “moral ”
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ETHI.POLL.17.04.01 – Under corrective justice, distinguish between substantive and procedural justice, including how procedural justice impacts wrongful convictions and perceptions of racial discrimination.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

44. According to learning theory, moral behavior is learned best through reinforcement and exposure to higher order
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

45. According to Kohlberg, moral development is closely related to intellectual
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

46. According to Kohlberg, all people progress through each stage of moral development until they reach the highest
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

47. According to Gilligan, most men analyze moral decisions with a rules or justice
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

48. Kohlberg’s possible seventh stage of moral development centers on the concept of
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

49. The importance of Kohlberg’s work is the link he makes between gender and moral
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

50. Kohlberg’s research indicates that, while there are six stages of moral development, people pass through these stages in different orders, depending on their
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

51. Albert Bandura is best-known for his theories regarding the biological factors that influence one’s

moral development.

1. True
2. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

52. Victor and Cullen determined that there can be differences in ethical climates within an
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.03 – Describe research that addresses work group influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

53. According to the text, training classes in ethics have more influence over the behavior of employees than the behavior of administrators and
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.04 – Become familiar with organizational influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

54. An employee who reveals unethical behavior in an organization is known as a
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.04 – Become familiar with organizational influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

55. Sherman suggests that coercion is a key element in criminal justice, so the moral issues related to coercion should be
    1. True
    2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.04 – Become familiar with organizational influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

56. Pinker’s concept of the refers to the idea that humans are naturally peaceful and

ANSWER:                            “noble savage”

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ETHI.POLL.17.04.01 – Under corrective justice, distinguish between substantive and procedural justice, including how procedural justice impacts wrongful convictions and perceptions of racial discrimination.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

57. are “paper­and­pencil” tests that measure an individual’s ability to recognize and/or agree with moral

ANSWER:                            Recognition tests

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

58. The term refers to an individual’s feeling of

ANSWER:                            self-efficacy

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

59. theories of behavior propose individuals have normal growth patterns in such areas as morality and emotional

ANSWER:                            Developmental

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

60. Kohlberg’s “moral stages” are , meaning that each succeeding stage encompasses and is more comprehensive and complicated than the preceding

ANSWER:                            hierarchical

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

61. Kohlberg’s description of moral stages includes the concept of , which he describes as a non-exclusive love and acceptance of

ANSWER:                            agape

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

62. Gilligan suggests women tend to approach moral dilemmas with an orientation emphasizing relationships and needs; she refers to this as the .

ANSWER:                            care perspective

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

63. A person whose moral development has progressed to the point where he or she has moved beyond the norms of society to determine universal good is, according to Kohlberg, at the

ANSWER:                            post-conventional

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

64. Gilligan found that most men analyze moral decisions with a(n) orientation (Stage 4), whereas many women see the same moral dilemma with an orientation toward needs and

ANSWER:                            rules or justice

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

65. Using words that downplay the seriousness of our actions is an example of

ANSWER:                            euphemistic

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.03 – Describe research that addresses work group influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

66. Research indicates that workers are more likely to make choices when they are busy and

ANSWER:                            unethical

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.03 – Describe research that addresses work group influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

67. One who justifies unethical behavior by claiming to only be following orders is using Bandura’s method of cognitive

ANSWER:                            displacement of responsibility

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.03 – Describe research that addresses work group influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

68. Sherman says that ethics courses relating to criminal justice should include understanding the morality of , since this concept is intrinsic to the criminal justice

ANSWER:                            coercion

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.04 – Become familiar with organizational influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

69. According to learning theorists, the most effective way to change the ethics of a profession is to utilize

                       to change behaviors.

ANSWER:                            rewards and punishments

REFERENCES:                   Workgroup and Organizational Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.04 – Become familiar with organizational influences on behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

70. External influences on an organization are both objective and .

ANSWER:                            normative

REFERENCES:                   Societal and Cultural Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.05 – Become familiar with cultural and societal influences on ethical behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Remember

 

71. Describe the case involving Phineas Gage and discuss its implications for the study of criminal

ANSWER:                            Answers will vary

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ETHI.POLL.17.04.01 – Under corrective justice, distinguish between substantive and procedural justice, including how procedural justice impacts wrongful convictions and perceptions of racial discrimination.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Apply

 

72. Review the role that biochemistry plays in one’s moral

ANSWER:                            Answers will vary

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ETHI.POLL.17.04.01 – Under corrective justice, distinguish between substantive and procedural justice, including how procedural justice impacts wrongful convictions and perceptions of racial discrimination.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand

 

73. Briefly explain how men and women differ in their moral development, according to the research presented in the

ANSWER:                            Answers will vary

REFERENCES:                   Individual Influences

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  ETHI.POLL.17.04.02 – Describe psychological theories that attempt to explain individual differences in behavior.

KEYWORDS:                       Bloom’s: Understand