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Experiencing the World’s Religions Tradition, Challenge, and Change 7th Edition By Molly – Test Bank
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Chapter 2 – Test Bank
Multiple-Choice Questions
- The goddess Pele is associated with
- childbirth.
- volcanoes and fire.
- Brazil.
- the Haida.
Answer: b
Page: 34
- What did the Maori call New Zealand when they first arrived there over a thousand years ago?
- Aotearoa
- Tangaroa
- Rongo
- Tahiti
Answer: a
Page:
- Which of the following is a traditional Maori belief?
- The world is inhabited by many invisible spirits that can help or harm.
- All human beings are equal and share the same authority, or mana, in society.
- Humans were created by a High God, and he abandoned them soon after.
- The images people see in dreams are the whispers of their gods.
Answer: a
Page:
- Which of the following mediums are used by indigenous religions in the American continent to transmit stories and histories?
- sandpaintings
- cartography
- board games
- books
Answer: a
Page: 36
- Biophilia refers to
- the study of biology.
- a love for all forms of life.
- a method for studying indigenous religions.
- a kind of hula.
Answer: b
Page: 37
- African religious masks strongly influenced the art of
- Pablo Picasso.
- Claude Monet.
- Ralph Vaughan Williams.
- ethnomusicology.
Answer: a
Page: 38
- In a holistic culture,
- written manuscripts have a special place.
- children play a prominent role in ritual.
- religions express truths through symbolism.
- virtually every object and act may have religious meaning.
Answer: d
Page: 38
- The Maori act of welcome, in which the host and the guest press their noses gently to each other, is known as
- the hongi.
- kapu.
- mana.
- the wakan.
Answer: a
Page:
- Animism holds that
- animal sacrifice is necessary for ritual purity.
- mountains are often at the end of sacred paths.
- animal nature must be subservient to human beings.
- the life force exists in every part of the universe.
Answer: d
Page: 39
- Hehaka Sapa, also known as Black Elk, saw the circle as
- a form in which many elements of nature arrange themselves.
- a special form of the calumet.
- evidence that man must dominate nature.
- taboo for the people of Easter Island.
Answer: a
Page: 41
- In Hawai`i, during the celebration of Makahiki,
- the gods were believed to take on human form.
- touching volcanic rock was considered taboo.
- people received food from the nobles.
- war and heavy work were forbidden.
Answer: d
Page: 54
- The concept of sacred space is evident in all of the following EXCEPT
- Uluru (Ayers Rock).
- the pyramids of Teotihuacán.
- Lono.
- Mount Kilimanjaro.
Answer: c
Page: 43
- Some African religions tell stories of how a High God created the world and then
- abandoned it.
- went to Uluru.
- became the mother of the Pueblo.
- joined the spirits of the dead.
Answer: a
Page: 46
- Circumcision is a rite often associated with
- entry into adulthood.
- the vision quest.
- the final passing from this life.
- taboo and sacrifice.
Answer: a
Page: 49
- The sacrifice of an animal may occur
- in order to placate a spirit or after a taboo has been broken.
- to celebrate the arrival of menarche.
- as an alternative to polygamy.
- as an essential part of the ritual that uses Amanita muscaria.
Answer: a
Page: 53
- A libation, which is a way to atone for breaking a taboo, involves
- pouring a bit of drink on the ground as an offering.
- feeding sacred wine to animals.
- smoking a calumet to placate a spirit.
- going into a shamanic trance to seek answers from spirits.
Answer: a
Page: 53
- A special ability to know or even enter the spirit world is associated with
- shamans.
- the Lakota Bible.
- John Mbiti.
- animism.
Answer: a
Page: 56
- Divination is employed to
- compensate for the violation of a taboo.
- restore a woman to the social order after childbirth.
- read the past or look into the future.
- ensure that peyote is protected by the Supreme Court.
Answer: c
Page: 58
- Dancers often wear masks
- that complement the flowers making up the lei.
- because they have great memories for oral texts.
- because birds are often assumed to have protective powers.
- to become the spirit represented by the mask.
Answer: d
Page: 60
- Christmas, though a Christian holiday, began as a celebration of
- the old English goddess of dawn.
- the winter solstice.
- Samhain in Ireland.
- the return of ancestral spirits to the world.
Answer: b
Page: 65
- Indigenous religions today are especially threatened by
- the destruction of natural environments.
- ecotourism.
- resistance to the spread of television.
- the weakness of the logging industry.
Answer: a
Page: 64
- Maori religion is part of the cultural rebirth in
- New Zealand.
- New Mexico.
- New Guinea.
- Australia.
Answer: a
Page: 68
- The calumet is a
- pipe.
- drum.
- mask.
- sandpainting.
Answer: a
Page: 57
- Until recently, oral religions were looked at as
- too involved with symbolism.
- primitive and undeveloped.
- overly complex.
- a peak of early religious insight.
Answer: b
Page: 36
- Sacred time tends to focus on the
- distant future.
- immediate future.
- present.
- distant past.
Answer: d
Page: 42
- Sacred space often encompasses
- a great mountain or tree.
- the construction of a skyscraper.
- the command of a ruler.
- the veneration of a sacred book.
Answer: a
Page: 43
- The vision quest in Native American religions
- has often been associated with marriage ceremonies.
- is frequently undertaken during adolescence.
- always makes use of hallucinatory herbs.
- is a part of the preparatory ritual for death.
Answer: b
Page: 49
- In indigenous societies, the human journey through life is aided and marked by
- libation.
- spiritual trances.
- scarification.
- rites of passage.
Answer: d
Page: 48
- Which of the following is a value the Europeans introduced to the Maori?
- individualism
- reverence for sacred spaces
- hospitality
- respect for ancestors
Answer: a
Page:
- Indigenous religions
- frequently make little distinction between a god and an ancestor.
- make clear distinctions between the natural and the supernatural.
- frequently value androgyny.
- almost always mark marriage with public religious ceremonies.
Answer: a
Page: 48
- The Sioux term wakan means
- holy, mysterious.
- mountain god.
- sky, space.
- brightness.
Answer: a
Page: 39
- Joseph Campbell, in his books, has strongly recommended reading the myths of many religions. Doing this, he says,
- gives us a sense of the great variety of creation stories.
- makes us more tolerant of other religions.
- sharpens our appreciation for storytelling and drama.
- shows us the symbolic messages that underlie religious stories.
Answer: d
Page: 48
- The term Poro refers to
- a mourning ritual performed at the death of a religious leader.
- a secret initiation society for males.
- the general name for the dried powders used for Navajo sandpaintings.
- a dance of the Lakota people.
Answer: b
Page: 49
- Very common to the vision quest is
- the creation of a sandpainting.
- several days of dancing.
- the memorization of the names of ancestors.
- fasting.
Answer: d
Page: 49
- A rule that forbids specific behavior with regard to certain objects, people, animals, days, or phases of life is known as a
- taboo.
- kinolau.
- calumet.
- koko.
Answer: a
Page:
- In the context of African and Carribean religions, the practice of sympathetic magic involves
- directing the power of invisible spiritual forces through incantations, figurines, and potions.
- smoking specially carved pipes filled with hallucinogenic substances to induce a trance.
- looking into the past by examining the entrails of an animal sacrificed to the gods.
- burying the dead with all their belongings to appease their departed spirits.
Answer: a
Page:
- In many Native American religions,
- animals are believed to have been created after humans.
- human beings have an antagonistic relationship with animals.
- human beings and animals are often viewed as coming into existence together.
- animal sacrifices are regularly performed.
Answer: c
Page: 41
- Sacred time in indigenous religions is
- cyclical.
- linear.
- relative.
- historically focused.
Answer: a
Page: 42
- While performing rituals, Navajo healers were known to
- weave rugs with geometric patterns.
- mold silver and turquoise jewelry.
- perform traditional powwow dances.
- create sandpaintings.
Answer: d
Page: 59
- A kiva is
- a ritual toast offered in special indigenous ceremonies.
- an underground chamber used in rituals.
- a multistoried house.
- a special kind of sandpainting.
Answer: b
Page: 44
- Ancestral Pueblo peoples lived in
- multistoried villages.
- underground rooms called kivas.
- tipis.
- log lodges.
Answer: a
Page: 44
- Pueblo peoples consider kachinas to be
- gods.
- spirits of animals, people, or plants that act as guardians.
- humans in full dance regalia.
- powerful village shamans.
Answer: b
Page: 44
Essay Topics
- Explain why ancient religions are no longer called primitive religions but instead are called indigenous religions. What is the difference of meaning in the two terms?
- Mention two reasons why indigenous religions received less scholarly attention than the dominant religions in the past.
- Describe three developments that have promoted renewed interest in indigenous religions.
- What do we mean when we describe a culture as holistic?
- Describe the relationship of human beings with the rest of nature that is typical of several North American native religions.
- Describe briefly two examples of sacred time and two examples of sacred space.
- Explain the notion of the High God in indigenous religions.
- Describe three typical life-cycle ceremonies and give an example of each from a specific indigenous religion.
- Explain the notion of taboo. Describe two specific religion-based examples, and speculate on how or why each arose.
- What roles does the shaman typically perform in indigenous religions? List three contemporary professions that involve work that might be undertaken by a shaman.
- Describe the trance state as practiced by a specific religion. What is the goal of the practice?
- Describe the special roles played by the arts in indigenous religions—roles often taken by texts in book-centered religions. Mention two specific examples.
- Describe two specific trends that today threaten the existence of indigenous religions.
- Describe one specific example of oral religion existing within elements of a religion that apparently absorbed it.
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