Exploring Social Psychology 8th Edition By David Myers – Test Bank

Description

Exploring Social Psychology 8th Edition By David Myers – Test Bank

 Sample Questions

Instant Download With Answers

Module 02

Did You Know It All Along?

 

1. The I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon is also called
2. retrospective bias.
3. information bias.
4. prediction bias.
5. D. hindsight bias.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

2. Hindsight bias contributes to the idea that
3. psychological experiments lack mundane realism.
4. social psychology is potentially dangerous.
5. C. the results of psychological experiments are mere common sense.
6. psychological experiments lack experimental realism.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

3. Amy reads a research article and feels like it didn’t tell her anything that she didn’t already know. This scenario illustrates
4. A. hindsight bias.
5. foresight bias.
6. confirmation bias.
7. correspondence bias.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

4. Starting after the 9/11 terror attack and working backward, hindsight critics are more likely to
5. be positively impressed by the overall decision-making process.
6. B. blame the FBI for being unable to connect the dots.
7. forgive the authorities for making understandable mistakes during the crisis.
8. confirm the existing decision-making strategies.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

5. The I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon can often lead students of social psychology
6. to overprepare for an exam.
7. to study just the right amount for an exam.
8. C. to befuddle during an exam.
9. None of the answers is correct.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

6. When asked who you think will win the next presidential election, you reply that you do not know. However, after the election results are reported, you claim that it was obvious all along. This is an example of
7. retrospective bias.
8. information bias.
9. prediction bias.
10. D. hindsight bias.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

7. The conclusion to be drawn from research on hindsight bias is that our common sense is usually
8. wrong.
9. wrong, after the fact.
10. right.
11. D. right, after the fact.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

8. Which of the following biases is defined as the tendency to exaggerate, after learning an outcome, one’s ability to have foreseen how something turned out?
9. A. hindsight bias
10. impact bias
11. omission bias
12. projection bias

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

9. Which of the following is a consequence of the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon?
10. It results in individuals with extreme behavior returning toward their average.
11. It makes the likelihood of decision makers to be praised for making “obvious” good choices very high.
12. C. It makes individuals overestimate their own intellectual powers.
13. It results in individuals not blaming themselves for handling a person or a situation poorly.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

10. Describe hindsight bias, and explain how it can create problems for psychology students during exams.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

 

                        Category                                                                                                                                        # of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation                                                                                                                                 10

 

Module 04

Self-Serving Bias

 

1. The tendency to perceive oneself favorably is referred to as
2. self-esteem.
3. self-efficacy.
4. self-deprecating bias.
5. D. self-serving bias.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

2. Which of the following statements is true in the context of self-serving bias?
3. People readily acknowledge that they themselves are biased and tend to see others around them as more objective.
4. B. People attribute success to their ability and effort, but they attribute failure to external factors, such as bad luck.
5. People would rather see themselves as undeserving than blame failure or rejection on something external, even another’s prejudice.
6. People tend to see themselves as less insightful and less competent at their jobs than others based on their self-assessments.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

3. Which of the following statements is representative of self-serving bias?
4. A. “I won the election because my opponent didn’t try very hard.”
5. “I won the election because of my hard work on the campaign trail.”
6. “I lost the election because of the political climate, which I couldn’t do anything about.”
7. “I won the election because of my knowledge and expertise.”

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

4. Blaming a tree for getting in your way after you crash your car is an example of
5. poor self-control.
6. poor self-efficacy.
7. poor self-esteem.
8. D. self-serving bias.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

5. Wilson and Ross (2001) found that when describing their old precollege selves, university students offered _____ negative _____ positive statements.
6. more; than
7. less; than
8. C. as many; as
9. double as many; as

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

6. Saying “I earned an A on my psychology test” but “My instructor gave me a C on my psychology test” exemplifies how we associate ourselves with
7. failure and distance ourselves from success.
8. B. success and distance ourselves from failure.
9. rewards and distance ourselves from punishment.
10. punishment and distance ourselves from rewards.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

7. Compared with people in general, most people see themselves as _____ in their self-assessments.
8. less healthy
9. less ethical
10. more biased
11. D. more friendly

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

8. Most people perceive themselves as
9. less intelligent than others.
10. less attractive than others.
11. C. much less prejudiced than others.
12. knowing others better than we know ourselves.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

9. Danny’s parents gifted him a new sport bike. Although his father advised him to take safety precautions while riding the bike, he went out for a ride without any safety gear. While riding, Danny fell down from the bike and sustained injuries. In this scenario, Danny’s belief that he was immune to misfortune exemplifies
10. self-serving bias.
11. B. unrealistic optimism.
12. false consensus effect.
13. false uniqueness effect.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

10. Sally has done well in her statistics class so far this term. Despite her good grades, Sally is worried that she will not do well on her upcoming test. So she studies extra hard. Which of the following best accounts for Sally’s study pattern?
11. A. defensive pessimism
12. unrealistic optimism
13. false uniqueness
14. false consensus

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

11. Barbara was shocked when her candidate was not elected. She had assumed that everyone felt as she did and everyone supported her candidate’s ideas. This scenario exemplifies
12. A. false consensus effect.
13. self-serving bias.
14. unrealistic optimism.
15. defensive pessimism.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

12. Which of the following statements is true about false uniqueness effect?
13. It is the anticipation of problems and motivation of effective action.
14. It is unrealistic optimism about future life events.
15. C. It is the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual.
16. It is the tendency to see oneself as superior to others.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

13. Assuming that other people are as prejudiced against a certain group as we are can easily be explained by
14. unrealistic optimism.
15. self-serving bias.
16. false uniqueness effect.
17. D. false consensus effect.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

14. Rebecca, a teenager, has recently started smoking cigarettes. On being reprimanded by her parents, she replied saying “So what? I smoke, but doesn’t everyone?” In this scenario, Rebecca’s overestimation of the number of people who smoke exemplifies
15. A. false consensus effect.
16. pluralistic ignorance.
17. defensive pessimism.
18. unrealistic optimism.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

15. Give an example of false consensus and an example of false uniqueness. Clearly label which is which.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

                Category # of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation                                                                                                                                             15

 

Module 25

Do the Media Influence Social Behavior?

 

1. Which of the following has been found to be an effect of sexual violence in movies and television shows?
2. Women are more likely to believe rape is a serious crime.
3. B. Men have become more accepting of violence against women.
4. Women have become more aggressive toward other women.
5. Viewers are less accepting of violence against women.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

2. Repeated exposure to fictional scenes of a man overpowering and arousing a woman
3. created a catharsis experience for men.
4. B. distorted people’s perceptions of how women actually respond to sexual coercion.
5. decreased men’s aggression against women.
6. created a climate of fear in women.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

3. What changes most likely occur in people after they play a violent video game?
4. They begin to show more sympathy and affection toward their partners.
5. They become highly sensitive to violence.
6. C. They see others as less human.
7. They experience a decrease in emotional arousal.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

4. Lambert et al. (2011) asked college students to abstain from some activity for a month and then measured the change in their aggressive behaviors. He found that those who gave up _____ showed a decrease in aggression.
5. their favorite food
6. B. pornography
7. violent video games
8. violent television

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

5. Vincent believes that watching violent movies regularly gives people an opportunity to pour vent their anger. Vincent’s belief is most likely consistent with the _____ hypothesis.
6. sensitization
7. B. catharsis
8. frustration-aggression
9. social learning

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

6. As part of therapy, a clinical psychologist encourages her patients to install a punching bag in their homes to release hostility. The therapist apparently believes in
7. the social learning theory.
8. Parkinson’s second law.
9. C. the catharsis hypothesis.
10. the adaptation-level phenomenon.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

7. The _____ view of aggression is that the aggressive drive is reduced when one “releases” aggressive energy.
8. social learning
9. pornographic
10. C. cathartic
11. pain response

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

8. In studies on violence, Eron and Huesmann (1980; 1985) found that 8-year-olds who watched the most violence were
9. unlikely to finish high school.
10. more likely to get a divorce.
11. C. more likely to be convicted of a crime.
12. more likely to commit child abuse.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

9. American youth who frequently go to violent websites were _____ likely to report engaging in violent behavior.
10. A. 5 times more
11. 5 times less
12. 10 times more
13. 10 times less

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

10. According to the text, one reason that television viewing affects behavior is that it
11. A. evokes imitation.
12. lowers arousal.
13. has a catharsis effect.
14. distracts from other activities.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

11. Which of the following statements is true?
12. The presence of guns in the home does not affect levels of violence.
13. B. In the Bobo doll experiments conducted by Bandura, watching the adult pound the doll on television had the same effect as watching it live.
14. Violent video games do not have the same effect as violence on television.
15. There is no relationship between the introduction of television into a community and murder rates.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

12. Positive, constructive, and helpful social behavior is what psychologists refer to as
13. A. prosocial behavior.
14. excitation transfer.
15. instrumental behavior.
16. social facilitation.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

13. According to Gentile and Anderson (2003), “The scientific debate over whether media violence has an effect _____.”
14. has just begun
15. is an up-and-coming topic of inquiry
16. C. is basically over
17. is debatable

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

14. According to Gentile and Anderson, playing violent games might have a more toxic effect than watching violent television because
15. the players are passive.
16. television appears more “real.”
17. C. players are rewarded for violent acts.
18. television violence fails to desensitize players.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

15. Which of the following is one of the five consistent effects found to be associated with video games?
16. A. increased interest in drugs and alcohol
17. increased aggressive thinking
18. increased aggressive feelings
19. decreased prosocial behaviors.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

16. According to Anderson et al. (2010), playing violent video games increased aggression
17. in men only.
18. only those living in individualistic cultures.
19. in correlational studies but not experimental studies.
20. D. in children, adolescents, and young adults.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

17. Research on the effects of video games has found that there is a _____ relationship between playing violent games and the frequency of arguments with teachers.
18. A. positive
19. slightly negative
20. neutral
21. significantly negative

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

18. Adam frequently plays violent video games. Social psychologists would predict that Adam would be most likely to
19. watch television for long periods of time.
20. access pornography.
21. C. get into fights.
22. avoid interacting with his peers and friends.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

19. Playing games in which people help each other has resulted in
20. no differences in behavior.
21. increased aggression in the players.
22. C. an increase in prosocial behaviors.
23. positive changes in behavior in collectivist cultures only.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

20. How does pornography encourage distorted perceptions of sexual reality?

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

21. Why does media viewing affect behavior?

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

22. What are the effects of video games on aggression?

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

                         Category                                                                                                                                                                  # of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation                                                                                                                                                          22