Foundations of Education, 13th Edition by Allan C. Ornstein – Test Bank

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Foundations of Education, 13th Edition by Allan C. Ornstein – Test Bank

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chapter 02

1. Many educators believe that increasing teachers’ autonomy in deciding about spheres of work will enhance the
status of the teaching profession. A number of the issues and trends discussed in Chapter 2 have implications for
teacher empowerment. Choose three of the topics covered in the chapter, and discuss how and why each can help
enhance teachers’ status.
ANSWER: Answers should focus on the extent to which the issues and trends are resulting in a
greater voice for teachers in matters of their profession. This could take the form of
more influence on standards for teacher preparation and certification, a greater role in
mediated entry, or an enhanced decision-making role in the operations of local schools
and school districts. Regardless of the sphere of influence discussed, answers should
reflect an understanding that gaining a greater say in educational matters provides
teachers with a more professional role and helps education become more similar to
professions such as law and medicine.
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: 2-1c Autonomy in Determining Spheres of Work
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FOED.ORNS.17.02.01 – Explain how teaching lags behind full-fledged professions in
the four areas highlighted in this section.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding
2. Research suggests that the attrition rate for beginning teachers is one of the most significant contributors to the
shortage of teachers in the United States. Novice teachers who leave the profession report that the “trauma”
associated with the beginning year of teaching is the major factor in their decision to leave. With this in mind,
describe how the concept of “mediated entry” addresses the concerns expressed by new teachers.
ANSWER: Answers should focus on mediated entry as a systematic program of assistance for
new teachers. Several aspects of mediated entry are explored in the chapter:
professional development schools serve as an induction into the profession; some
districts are matching probationary teachers with experienced teachers who provide
feedback and assistance; mentor teachers (who receive release time or stipends) are
assigned to work closely with new teachers; targeted expectations and training
programs are developed specifically for new teachers. The major teacher unions and
education reform groups support mediated entry.
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: 2-2c Mediated Entry
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FOED.ORNS.17.02.02 – Examine the trends that suggest teaching is moving toward a
full-fledged profession.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding
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chapter 04

1. Froebel believed that future teachers should reflect repeatedly on their own childhood experiences for insights that
they can apply to their teaching. What have your childhood experiences taught you about how students learn and
how you should teach? Based on these lessons from your experience, with which educational theorist discussed in
Chapter 4 do you have the most in common? Why?
ANSWER: Students’ answers may vary considerably, based on the nature of their individual
experiences and beliefs. Answers should be assessed on the reflective thinking and
insight that students exhibit in extracting lessons about teaching and learning from their
experiences and on the extent to which they are able to link their insights to the major
ideas of one of the educational pioneers discussed in the chapter.
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: Chapter 4 Pioneers of Teaching and Learning
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FOED.ORNS.17.04.01 Describe
Comenius’s pansophism as a childcentered
approach to make schools more humane and ecumenical.
FOED.ORNS.17.04.02 Discuss
Rousseau’s proposal for natural education in Emile
as a challenge to traditional views about knowledge, education, teachers, and children.
FOED.ORNS.17.04.03 Determine
how Pestalozzi’s emphasis on educating the whole
child reshaped teaching and learning in elementary schools.
FOED.ORNS.17.04.04 – Explain why teachers in the upper grades and high school
were so attracted to Herbert’s systemizing of instruction.
FOED.ORNS.17.04.05 Describe
Froebel’s kindergarten as a liberating movement in
early childhood education.
FOED.ORNS.17.04.06 Comment
on Spencer’s Social Darwinism as a rationale for
individual competition in schools and society.
FOED.ORNS.17.04.07 Assess
Dewey’s use of the scientific method inn problem
solving as a method of instruction.
FOED.ORNS.17.04.08 Assess
Addam’s socialized education as a forerunner of
multicultural education.
FOED.ORNS.17.04.09 Discuss
how Montessori’s training and background
contributed to her design of the prepared learning environment.
FOED.ORNS.17.04.10 Explain
how Piaget’s theory of stagebased
human
development changed elementary schools and teaching.
FOED.ORNS.17.04.11 Appraise
Freire’s liberation pedagogy as a challenge to the
social, political, economic, and educational status quo.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Analyzing | Bloom’s: Applying
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