Gateways to Psychology An Introduction to Mind & Behavior, International Edition 13th Edition by Dennis Coon – Test Bank

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Gateways to Psychology An Introduction to Mind & Behavior, International Edition 13th Edition by Dennis Coon – Test Bank

 Sample Questions

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Chapter 2a—The Nervous System and Psychology

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Up early to feed his cat, Dr. Bryan Kolb could not see his hand, or anything else to his upper left side. He realized that he had most likely suffered

a.	aphasia.
b.	virilism.
c.	a right hemisphere stroke.
d.	a left hemisphere stroke.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   A Stroke of Bad Luck

OBJ:   2.1.1              KEY:  Application

 

2. Which of the following occurs when an artery carrying blood to the brain becomes blocked, causing some brain tissue to die?

a.	edema
b.	multiple sclerosis
c.	a stroke
d.	an aneurysm

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate        REF:   A Stroke of Bad Luck

OBJ:   2.1.1              KEY:  Fact

 

3. When an artery in a person’s brain becomes blocked or bursts open, we say that the person has experienced

a.	a stroke.
b.	neural induction.
c.	neural congestion.
d.	spatial neglect.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate        REF:   A Stroke of Bad Luck

OBJ:   2.1.1              KEY:  Concept         MSC:  * (New Question)

 

4. Which of the following does NOT describe the human brain?

a.	weighs about a pound and a half
b.	wrinkled like a walnut
c.	size of a grapefruit
d.	texture of tofu

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate        REF:   A Stroke of Bad Luck

OBJ:   2.1.1              KEY:  Fact                MSC:  * (New Question)

 

5. The brain consists of approximately 100 billion nerve cells called

a.	somas.
b.	nuclei.
c.	neurotransmitters.
d.	neurons.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.1              KEY:  Fact

 

6. The billions of neurons in the brain are accompanied by an almost equal number of other cells whose function is to support the neurons in a variety of ways. These cells are called

a.	effector cells.
b.	glial cells.
c.	vesicles.
d.	myelins.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.1              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

7. The individual nerve cells specialized to carry and process information are called

a.	neurotransmitters.
b.	synapses.
c.	ions.
d.	neurons.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.1              KEY:  Fact

 

8. Which of the following carry information from the senses to the brain, activate muscles and glands, and form vast networks that produce intelligence and consciousness?

a.	neurons
b.	glial cells
c.	synapses
d.	nuclei ions

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.1              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

9. A neuron is made up of dendrites, a soma, and a(n)

a.	axon.
b.	synapse.
c.	diaton.
d.	peptide.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.1              KEY:  Fact

 

10. The part of the neuron that specializes in receiving messages from other neurons is the

a.	axon.
b.	nucleus.
c.	dendrites.
d.	telodendria.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.1              KEY:  Fact

 

11. Once information is received at the dendrites, it next flows into the

a.	soma.
b.	axon.
c.	myelin sheath.
d.	glial cell.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.1              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

12. The cell body of a neuron is also called the

a.	dendrite.
b.	axon.
c.	myelin.
d.	soma.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.1              KEY:  Fact

 

13. The soma is the part of the nerve cell that

a.	transmits information to the next neuron.
b.	collects and combines incoming information.
c.	carries nerve impulses over large distances.
d.	forms branching connections at the end of each axon.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.1              KEY:  Fact

 

14. The part of the neuron which collects and combines information is called the

a.	axon.
b.	axon terminal.
c.	ion channels.
d.	soma.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.1              KEY:  Fact

 

15. The part of the nerve cell that carries information away from the cell body to other neurons is the

a.	axon.
b.	dendrite.
c.	soma.
d.	synapse.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.1              KEY:  Fact

 

16. The part of the neuron that sends information to other neurons “branches out” into smaller fibers, which end in bulb-shaped parts known as

a.	myelin sheaths.
b.	ion channels.
c.	dendrite arcs.
d.	axon terminals.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.1              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

 

17. Which bulb-shaped structures found at the end of neurons form connections with the dendrites and somas of other neurons and allow information to pass from neuron to neuron?

a.	myelin sheaths.
b.	ion channels.
c.	dendrite arcs.
d.	axon terminals.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.1              KEY:  Fact

 

18. Regarding axons, which of the following statements is FALSE?

a.	Some axons are only 0.1 millimeter long.
b.	Some axons stretch up to a meter in length throughout the nervous system.
c.	Axons “branch out” into slightly larger fibers, which end in several bulb-shaped somas.
d.	The human brain contans about three million miles of axons.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.1              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

19. Which of the following is NOT a part of a neuron?

a.	axon
b.	axon terminal
c.	synapse
d.	soma

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.1              KEY:  Fact

 

20. The electrically charged molecules that are involved in a nerve impulse are called

a.	axons.
b.	dendrites.
c.	ampules.
d.	ions.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

21. Regarding ions, which of the following statements is TRUE?

a.	Ions are found only on the outside of the neuron until it is activated.
b.	Ions have a neutral charge, neither positive nor negative until they are activated.
c.	When a neuron is inactive (or resting), more “plus” charges exist outside the neuron and more “minus” charges exist inside.
d.	Ions can be found only inside the neuron, which creates in your brain an electronic charge of about -10 millivolts.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

22. The charge that exists across the nerve cell membrane is a result of differing

a.	amounts of DNA and RNA.
b.	types of neurotransmitters on either side of the nerve cell membrane.
c.	types of neurons inside and outside the nerve cell membrane.
d.	concentrations of ions on either side of the nerve cell membrane.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

23. When a neuron is inactive, more of which of the following exist OUTSIDE the neuron?

a.	positive ions
b.	negative ions
c.	myelin sheaths
d.	neuropeptides

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

24. When a neuron is inactive, more of which of the following exist INSIDE the neuron?

a.	negative ions
b.	positive ions
c.	neuropeptides
d.	myelin sheaths

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

25. The fact that the inside of human neurons measures about -70 millivolts compared to the outside of the cell allows each neuron to act like a

a.	tiny battery.
b.	chemical reactor.
c.	ion channel.
d.	shock absorber.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Concept

 

26. In the nervous system, the electrical charge of an inactive neuron is called its

a.	depolarized state.
b.	resting potential.
c.	action potential.
d.	ionic state.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

27. A resting potential occurs when a neuron

a.	reaches -50 millivolts.
b.	is inactive.
c.	reaches its threshold.
d.	reaches its trigger point for firing.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

28. If the electrical charge of the neuron changes to about a minus 50 millivolts, the neuron will reach its __________for firing.

a.	synaptic potential
b.	negative after-potential
c.	threshold
d.	fusion level

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

29. A neuron’s threshold is

a.	another name for its synaptic potential.
b.	another name for its negative after-potential
c.	when a neuron is inactive.
d.	its trigger point for firing.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

30. The theshold for firing has been reached when the electrical charge of what level of millivolts occurs within a nerve cell?

a.	– 10
b.	– 50
c.	+ 100
d.	+ 10

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

31. The fastest neurons can send impulses at about __________ miles per hour.

a.	200
b.	425
c.	150
d.	45

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

32. When a nerve impulse travels along an axon at about 200 miles per hour, then you know that

a.	polarization has begun.
b.	an action potential is occurring.
c.	a negative after-potential has been completed.
d.	a synaptic potential is impossible.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Concept

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

33. The conduction of a nerve impulse down the axon is called a(n)

a.	ion potential.
b.	action potential.
c.	resting discharge.
d.	synapse.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

34. When the threshold for firing within a neuron occurs, we say that which of the following is taking place?

a.	volume gradient
b.	myelination
c.	action potential
d.	resting discharge

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

35. The channels that transport sodium and potassium within the axon are called __________ channels.

a.	DNA and RNA
b.	membrane
c.	nucleic
d.	ion

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

36. During an action potential, the axon’s ion channels pop open to allow which ions to rush into the axon?

a.	sodium
b.	potassium
c.	chlorine
d.	iodine

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

37. During an action potential, which of the following occurs?

a.	Sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron into the synaptic cleft.
b.	The molecular gates open to allow sodium ions into the neuron.
c.	The electrical stimulation of the neuron must dip below -70 millivolts and remain so during the action potential.
d.	Neurotransmitters enter the axon through gaps in the myelin sheath.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Concept

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

38. When the ion channels open, they allow sodium ions to rush into the axon at which location FIRST?

a.	within the receptor sites of the dendrites
b.	near the axon terminals
c.	near the soma
d.	within the synaptic cleft

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

39. The “all or nothing event” refers to the fact that

a.	nerve cells are continually in an action potential.
b.	action potentials occur completely or not at all.
c.	synaptic transmissions occur completely or not at all.
d.	all the neurons in the brain fire or none of them fire.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

40. Which of the following statements best describes an action potential?

a.	The action potential is strongest when neurilemma is present.
b.	The action potential starts near the synapse.
c.	The action potential occurs when neurotransmitters enter the axon.
d.	The action potential is an all-or-nothing event.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

41. Electrically charged particles of which two elements are crucial in the transmission of the nerve impulse?

a.	iron and sodium
b.	iron and potassium
c.	sodium and nickel
d.	sodium and potassium

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

42. After a nerve impulse occurs, the neuron is temporarily less likely to fire because

a.	the cell is still above its resting level.
b.	potassium ions flow out of the neuron while the ion channels are open.
c.	acetylcholine acts as an inhibitor.
d.	a positive after-potential has occurred.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Concept

 

43. Negative after-potential refers to

a.	a nerve cell’s electrical charge reaching its threshold.
b.	a nerve cell reaching a negative trigger point.
c.	a nerve cell briefly dropping below its resting level.
d.	the axon’s readiness for another wave of activity.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

44. A neuron is less willing to fire when it is in a(n)

a.	action potential.
b.	resting potential.
c.	negative after-potential.
d.	depolarized state.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

45. During a negative after-potential, there is an outward flow of which of the following from the axon?

a.	negative charges
b.	potassium ions
c.	neurotransmitters
d.	sodium ions

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

46. The whitish, fatty substance that surrounds some axons and aids conduction of a nerve impulse down the axon is called

a.	myelin.
b.	neurilemma.
c.	synaptic vesicles.
d.	neurotransmitters.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

47. Myelin covers which part(s) of the neuron?

a.	soma
b.	dendrite
c.	axon
d.	all of these parts

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

48. Small gaps in the myelin result in nerve impulses jumping from gap to gap which causes these nerve impulses to move

a.	faster.
b.	slower.
c.	at a normal speed.
d.	at a declining rate of speed.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

49. The small gaps in the myelin covering of a nerve act to

a.	decrease the speed of transmission of nerve impulses.
b.	increase the speed of transmission of nerve impulses.
c.	decrease or increase the transmission of nerve impulses, depending on the state of the firing neurons.
d.	stimulate the repair of damaged nerve cells.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

50. The process by which nerve impulses are conducted down an axon by jumping from gap to gap in the myelin layer is known as

a.	neuroplasticity.
b.	synaptic transmission.
c.	saltatory conduction.
d.	positive after-potential.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

51. Saltatory conduction refers to

a.	a drop in electrical charge below the resting potential.
b.	the capacity of our brains to change in response to experience.
c.	the simplest behavior, in which a stimulus provokes an automatic response.
d.	a nerve impulse jumping from gap to gap in the myelin layer.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

52. The word “saltatory” comes from the Latin word saltare, which means to

a.	slow or stop.
b.	repeat or return.
c.	jump or leap.
d.	salute or talk

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

53. When a car suddenly brakes in front of you,

a.	neurilemma repair the myelin layer so that you can stop.
b.	myelin slows your response time.
c.	small gaps in the myelin speed reaction time.
d.	nerve impulses move faster through the tunnel formed by the myelin.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Application

 

54. The purpose of the myelin that surrounds the axon is to

a.	keep nerve cells continually active.
b.	help electrical currents cross the synapse completely.
c.	repair neurons within the peripheral nervous system.
d.	speed the transmission of an impulse down the axon.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Concept

MSC:  www

 

55. Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys

a.	the nucleus of nerve cells.
b.	neurilemma.
c.	the receptor sites.
d.	myelin.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

 

56. Which of the following is a disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys the myelin in a person’s body, causing the person to experience numbness, weakness, or paralysis?

a.	rheumatoid arthritis
b.	multiple sclerosis
c.	Huntington’s disease
d.	muscular dysthrophy

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Fact

 

57. Miriam has been suffering from numbness, weakness, and partial paralysis. Miriam’s doctor told her that her immune system has attacked and destroyed the myelin in her body, causing her to have

a.	rheumatoid arthritis.
b.	multiple sclerosis.
c.	Huntington’s disease.
d.	muscular dysthrophy.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.2              KEY:  Application

 

58. The action potential is an all or nothing event that

a.	takes place within the synapse.
b.	takes place at the dendrite receptor sites.
c.	is primarily an electrical process.
d.	is primarily a chemical process.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

 

59. The passage of information within a single neuron would be described as

a.	chemical.
b.	electrical.
c.	synaptic.
d.	retroactive.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

60. The communication between neurons would be described as

a.	chemical.
b.	electrical.
c.	proactive.
d.	retroactive.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

61. Communication between neurons would be considered a chemical change involving

a.	sodium ions.
b.	neurilemmas.
c.	neurotransmitters.
d.	potassium ions.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

62. Neurons “talk” to each other chemically when which of the following are released?

a.	neurilemmas
b.	neurotransmitters
c.	somas
d.	ion channels

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

 

63. The tiny gaps separating neurons from one another and across which information must be transmitted are known as

a.	synapses.
b.	synaptic vesicles.
c.	receptor sites.
d.	ion channels.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

 

64. Neurotransmitters are released at the

a.	axon hillock.
b.	myelin sheath.
c.	axon terminals.
d.	teleodendria.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

 

65. When a nerve impulse reaches the end of the axon, the tiny sacs that store the neurotransmitters move to the surface and release these chemicals. These tiny sacs that store the neurotransmitters are called

a.	synaptic vesicles.
b.	myelin sheaths.
c.	neurilemmas.
d.	ion channels.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

 

66. Communication is carried out between neurons when neurotransmitters are released into the

a.	neurilemma tunnel.
b.	synaptic gap.
c.	dendritic furrow.
d.	ion channels.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

 

67. Tiny areas on the surfaces of neurons and other cells that are sensitive to neurotransmitters or hormones are called

a.	axon terminals.
b.	somatic retention areas.
c.	dendritic retention areas.
d.	receptor sites.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

 

68. Receptor sites for neurotransmitters are found in large numbers

a.	on the axon terminals.
b.	on dendrites and cell bodies.
c.	within the ion channels.
d.	on the myelin sheath and neurilemma.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

69. Neurotransmitters bind to which of the following located on dendrites and cell bodies?

a.	synaptic vesicles
b.	neurilemmas
c.	receptor sites
d.	myelin sheaths

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

70. Nerve cell bodies and dendrites are not the only locations sensitive to neurotransmitters. Receptor sites can also be found on

a.	muscles and glands.
b.	skeletal joints.
c.	axon terminals.
d.	all vital organs.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

 

71. Which of the following best describes the means by which neurons communicate with each other?

a.	Sodium ions from one neuron flow into a second neuron, and potassium ions flow out.
b.	Potassium ions from one neuron flow into a second neuron, and sodium ions flow out.
c.	Neurotransmitters flow across the synapse and attach to receptor sites.
d.	Electrical charges cross the synapse.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Concept

 

72. The chemicals that are released at an axon terminal and can either excite or inhibit other neurons are called

a.	synapses.
b.	synaptic vesicles.
c.	neurilemmas.
d.	neurotransmitters.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

 

73. What effect do neurotransmitters from one neuron have on the next neuron?

a.	They have no effect.
b.	They excite it.
c.	They inhibit it.
d.	They may excite or inhibit it.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

 

74. How many different transmitter chemicals are found in the brain?

a.	fewer than 10
b.	approximately 25
c.	approximately 50
d.	more than 100

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

 

75. Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and GABA are examples of

a.	neurotransmitters.
b.	negative after-potentials.
c.	synaptic ions.
d.	neurilemmas.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

 

76. Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter that participates in movement, autonomic function, learning, and memory with a deficiency in this neurotransmitter playing a role in Alzheimer’s disease?

a.	norepinephrine
b.	acetylcholine
c.	serotonin
d.	glutamate

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Concept

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

77. Which of the following is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood, appetite, and sleep with a deficiency leading to depression?

a.	dopamine
b.	acetylcholine
c.	serotonin
d.	glutamate

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Concept

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

78. Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter that participates in motivation, reward, and the planning of behavior with a deficiency leading to Parkinson’s disease and an excess leading to schizophrenia?

a.	dopamine
b.	acetylcholine
c.	serotonin
d.	glutamate

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Concept

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

79. Reduced feelings of pleasure as well as Parkinson’s disease have been linked with a deficiency of which neurotransmitter?

a.	dopamine
b.	GABA
c.	serotonin
d.	glutamate

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Concept

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

80. An excess of dopamine has been linked with the development of which of the following?

a.	multiple sclerosis
b.	schizophrenia
c.	Alzheimer’s disease
d.	spatial neglect

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Concept

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

81. Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is involved with arousal and vigilance, and mood with an excess leading to anxiety problems?

a.	glutamate
b.	acetylcholine
c.	norepinephrine
d.	dopamine

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Concept

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

82. Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is involved with learning and memory with an excess of this neurotransmitter leading to neuron death and autism and a deficiency leading to tiredness?

a.	glutamate
b.	acetylcholine
c.	GABA
d.	dopamine

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Concept

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

83. Which of the following neurotransmitters causes a major inhibitory effect in the central nervous system?

a.	glutamate
b.	acetylcholine
c.	GABA
d.	dopamine

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Concept

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

84. Although other neurotransmitters are present, the brain’s reward or “pleasure” system has a predominance of which neurotransmitter?

a.	norepinephrine
b.	acetylcholine
c.	histamine
d.	dopamine

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

85. Regarding neurotransmitters, which of the following statements is FALSE?

a.	Slight variations in neurotransmitter function may be related to temperament differences in infancy and personality differences in adulthood.
b.	Too much acetylcholine may cause schizophrenia.
c.	Too little serotonin may underlie depression.
d.	Some neurotransmitters are used by specific “pathways” that interlink regions of the brain which prevents the intermixing of messages.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

86. Many of the mind-altering drugs affect the brain by

a.	absorbing neural impulses.
b.	imitating or canceling the effects of neurotransmitters.
c.	changing the sodium balance in the synapse.
d.	duplicating the effect of potassium in the nuclei.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Concept

 

87. Cocaine triggers an increase in which neurotransmitter resulting in a drug “high” in the reward system of the brain?

a.	serotonin
b.	acetylcholine
c.	dopamine
d.	histamine

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

88. Jeff’s drug addiction to cocaine occurred because cocaine overstimulated the reward system in his brain and disturbed the function of which neurotransmitter?

a.	serotonin
b.	acetylcholine
c.	dopamine
d.	histamine

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Application

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

89. Which neurotransmitter normally activates muscles?

a.	acetylcholine
b.	serotonin
c.	curare
d.	histamine

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Fact

 

90. A person would not be able to walk nor a musician move his or her fingers to play an instrument without the neurotransmitter

a.	curare.
b.	serotonin.
c.	acetylcholine.
d.	histamine.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Application

 

91. When curare blocks the action of acetylcholine it

a.	prevents muscle activation, causing paralysis.
b.	stimulates muscle activity, causing convulsions.
c.	retards cell growth, causing paralysis.
d.	causes neurotransmitters to both inhibit and excite activity.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Concept

 

92. The paralyzing effect of curare is caused by its ability to

a.	block the action of acetylcholine at neuron-muscle synapses.
b.	create an imbalance in the sodium content in the dendrite.
c.	produce an overproduction of acetylcholine in the neural soma.
d.	produce a disintegration at the synapse.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Concept

 

 

93. Ricardo was given curare and suffered paralysis. By attaching to receptor sites on his muscles, curare competes with

a.	dopamine.
b.	acetylcholine.
c.	serotonin.
d.	enkephalins.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.3              KEY:  Application

 

94. Chemicals that regulate the activity of other neurons, but do not carry messages directly are called

a.	brain deregulators.
b.	neural inductors.
c.	neuropeptides.
d.	ion channeling agents.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.4              KEY:  Fact

 

95. The neurotransmitters that regulate the activity of other neurons and affect memory, pain, emotion, pleasure, mood, hunger, sexual behavior, and other basic processes are called

a.	somatic ions.
b.	amyl opiates.
c.	organic placebos.
d.	neuropeptides.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.4              KEY:  Fact

MSC:  * (New Question)

 

96. Enkephalins and endorphins are examples of

a.	brain disregulators.
b.	neural inductors.
c.	neuropeptides.
d.	ion channeling agents.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.4              KEY:  Fact

 

97. The brain produces opiate-like neural regulators that help relieve stress and pain and are referred to as

a.	acetylcholine inhibitors.
b.	somatic ions.
c.	enkephalins.
d.	neurilemmas.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.4              KEY:  Fact

 

98. When you touch a hot stove, neurotransmitters cause you to jerk your hand away, while the pain produced causes your brain to release

a.	acetylcholines.
b.	histamines.
c.	enkephalins.
d.	neurilemmas.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.4              KEY:  Application

 

99. Endorphins are released from the __________ gland.

a.	adrenal
b.	pituitary
c.	pineal
d.	thyroid

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.4              KEY:  Fact

 

100. Santana steps on a tack and jerks her foot back. This pain will

a.	raise her endorphin levels.
b.	lower her endorphin levels.
c.	cause depolarization of her pain receptors.
d.	cause a repolarization of her pain receptors.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.4              KEY:  Application

 

101. Needles inserted into the body during the acupuncture procedure may relieve pain because the pain

a.	results in the release of neuropeptides.
b.	blocks the functioning of pain-relieving neurons.
c.	paralyzes the central nervous system.
d.	suppresses the production of all neurotransmitters.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.4              KEY:  Concept

MSC:  www

 

102. Feelings of pleasure or euphora similar to being “high” on morphine occur when which of the following are released in the brain?

a.	acetylcholines
b.	endorphins
c.	synaptic vesicles
d.	neurilemmas

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.4              KEY:  Concept

 

103. In an experiment to test the effects of a new pain killing drug, the control group was given a placebo, which initially reduced their pain because the placebo

a.	raised their endorphin levels.
b.	lowered their endorphin levels.
c.	activated the neurilemmas in their receptor sites.
d.	deactivated the neurilemmas in the receptor sites.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   Neurons-Building a Biocomputer   OBJ:   2.1.4              KEY:  Application

 

104. The “runner’s high” and the euphoria sometimes associated with childbirth, painful initiation rites, and sports parachuting are due to the release of

 

Chapter 4a—Sensation, Perception, and Reality

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Regarding sensation and perception, which of the following statements is FALSE?
2. We are constantly surrounded by electromagnetic radiation, heat, pressure, vibrations, molecules, and mechanical forces.
3. The senses are enough to give people a completely accurate “picture” of reality.
4. During the process of perception, our brain assembles sensations into a meaningful “picture”of events.
5. Unless your senses translate information into a form your brain can understand, you will experience only a void of silence and darkness.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       The Trees Have Eyes | Sensory Processes-The First Step               OBJ:       4.1.1

KEY:       Concept               MSC:     * (New Question)

 

2. The primary function of the senses is to act as devices that convert one kind of energy into another, which are referred to as
3. visual adapters.
4. biological assimilators.
5. phosphenes.
6. biological transducers.

 

 

ANS:      D             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.1      KEY:       Concept

MSC:     * (New Question)

 

3. Sense receptors are biological transducers, which means that they
4. select from a broad range of stimulation.
5. analyze the environment into important features.
6. convert one form of energy to another.
7. detect only a limited range of energies.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.1      KEY:       Concept

 

4. The sensory receptors of your eyes are able to convert light energy into neural energy, which can then be utilized by the brain. thus, the sensory receptors in your eyes act as
5. visual adapters.
6. biological assimilators.
7. phosphenes.
8. biological transducers.

 

 

ANS:      D             PTS:       1              DIF:        Easy

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.1      KEY:       Concept

 

5. The process of detecting physical energies with the sensory organs is called
6. sensation.
7. perception.
8. adaptation.
9. cognition.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.1      KEY:       Fact

 

6. The process by which the brain organizes sensations into meaningful patterns is known as
7. reception.
8. adaptation.
9. perception.
10. cognition.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.1      KEY:       Fact

 

7. In order to take your psychology quiz, you must read and process the information. The initial step of your eyes detecting the black marks on the page depends on the process of
8. perception.
9. sensation.
10. sensory adaptation.
11. sensory accommodation.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.1      KEY:       Application

MSC:     * (New Question)

 

8. In order to take your psychology quiz, you must read and process the information. The ability to organize the black marks on the paper into meaningful patterns involves the process of
9. perception.
10. sensation.
11. sensory adaptation.
12. sensory accommodation.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.1      KEY:       Application

MSC:     * (New Question)

 

9. When listening to your professor’s lecture, hearing the various sounds of the professor’s words would involve the process of
10. perception.
11. sensation.
12. assimilation.
13. accommodation.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.1      KEY:       Application

MSC:     * (New Question)

 

10. When listening to your professor’s lecture, interpreting the meaning of the professor’s words is an example of
11. perception.
12. sensation.
13. assimilation.
14. accommodation.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.1      KEY:       Application

MSC:     * (New Question)

 

11. Our sensory systems act as data reduction systems. This means that they
12. can change one form of energy to another.
13. transmit information to the brain in the form of codes.
14. select and analyze information and send only the most important data to the brain.
15. are only sensitive to a small range of sensations that will require additional interpretation by the brain.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.1      KEY:       Fact

 

12. Because our senses select, analyze, and filter information until only the most important information remains, our senses are considered __________ systems.
13. convergent
14. data reduction
15. somesthetic
16. replicating

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.1      KEY:       Fact

 

13. Regarding the sensory abilities of humans, which of the following statements is FALSE?
14. Our sensory receptors do not transduce all of the energies they encounter.
15. Many types of stimuli cannot be sensed directly because we lack sensory receptors to tranduce the energy.
16. Some sense receptors transduce only part of their target energy range.
17. Because our sense organs are able to convert one kind of energy into another, they are known as feature detectors.

 

 

ANS:      D             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

MSC:     * (New Question)

 

14. The science of measuring changes in physical stimuli and relating them to changes in psychological sensations is called
15. physiological psychology.
16. neurological psychology.
17. psychophysics.
18. sensory deprivation.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

 

15. Dr. Azure measures sound waves and electromagnetic radiation and relates them to the sensations people experience as loudness and brightness, respectively. Dr. Azure is conducting research in the area of
16. physiological psychology.
17. neurological psychology.
18. psychophysics.
19. sensory deprivation.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Application

MSC:     * (New Question)

 

16. Regarding the sensation of various species, which of the following statements is FALSE?
17. The eyes of honeybees transduce parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that are invisible to humans.
18. Bats’ ears transduce sound waves that humans cannot hear.
19. Research has shown that the human eye transduces all of the electromagnetic spectrum to the brain, but the brain is unable to perceive it.
20. Sharks have special organs that can sense the bioelectric fields of other living things.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Easy

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

MSC:     * (New Question)

 

17. Your eyes transduce only a tiny fraction of the entire range of electromagnetic energies, which we call the
18. perceptual limit.
19. visible spectrum.
20. biological transduction range.
21. spectral analysis limitation.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Easy

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

 

18. Which of the following animals have special organs that can sense the bioelectric fields of other living creatures?
19. owls
20. honey bees
21. bats
22. sharks

 

 

ANS:      D             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

MSC:     * (New Question)

 

19. The ears of bats can transduce and hear sound waves that humans cannot. This allows them to fly in complete darkness by using
20. feature detectors.
21. depth cues.
22. hyperopia.
23. echolocation.

 

 

ANS:      D             PTS:       1              DIF:        Easy

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

MSC:     * (New Question)

 

20. The minimum amount of energy needed for a sensation to occur is called
21. the absolute threshold.
22. a transducer level.
23. data reduction threshold.
24. perceptual limit.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

 

21. A dog whistle can be heard by dogs but not by humans. This whistle takes advantage of a characteristic of sensory systems known as
22. the absolute threshold.
23. the difference threshold.
24. perceptual defense.
25. a just noticeable difference.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Concept

 

22. Owls, who hunt at night, can hear sounds that cannot be heard by humans, which illustrates that, compared to humans, they have a much
23. higher absolute threshold.
24. lower absolute threshold.
25. higher sensory adaptation level for sounds.
26. lower sensory adaptation level for sounds.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Concept

 

23. Sensory adaptation refers to a decrease in sensory response that accompanies
24. perceptual defense.
25. threshold shifts.
26. an unchanging stimulus.
27. selective attention.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

 

24. The decrease in sensory response to an unchanging stimulus is known as
25. sensory conflict.
26. sensory gating.
27. sensory adaptation.
28. selective attention.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

 

25. Sensory adaptation is normally most rapid for the sense of
26. vision.
27. olfaction.
28. taste.
29. kinesthesis.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

 

26. Sensory receptors respond best to
27. changes in stimulation.
28. changes in threshold.
29. subliminal images.
30. repetitive stimuli.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Easy

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

 

27. When you first get into the swimming pool, the water feels rather cool, but after swimming for awhile, the water feels fine. A friend asks you how the water is, and you tell her the “water’s great.” She jumps in and then accuses you of lying because the water is freezing. You really were not lying. It is just that you experienced
28. sensory gating.
29. sensory adaptation.
30. sensory conflict.
31. selective attention.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Application

MSC:     www

 

28. You go into your son’s room, only to be met with a combination of smells, including day-old pizza, wet towels, and gym shoes. Your son seems unconcerned with the putrid odors. When you ask how he can stand the stench of his “pig sty,” he replies that he does not smell anything because of  __________. (Well, at least he’s listening in psychology class.)
29. sensory adaptation
30. sensory gating
31. sensory conflict
32. selective attention

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Application

 

29. Which of the following explains why you are not constantly aware of the pressure of your wristwatch on your arm or your shoes on your feet?
30. sensory adaptation
31. sensory gating
32. sensory conflict
33. perceptual localization.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Application

 

30. The separation of sensory information into its important elements is known as
31. sensory analysis.
32. sensory adaptation.
33. perceptual gating.
34. perceptual localization.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Easy

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

 

31. Which of the following involves the process of extracting perceptual features from stimulus patterns?
32. sensory analysis.
33. sensory adaptation.
34. perceptual gating.
35. perceptual localization.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

MSC:     * (New Question)

 

32. As the senses process information, they divide the world into basic stimulus patterns known as
33. phosphenes.
34. perceptual features.
35. perceptual sets.
36. sensory adaptations.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

 

33. Important elements of a stimulus pattern, such as lines, shapes, edges, spots, and colors, are referred to as
34. perceptual features.
35. sensory amplifiers.
36. perceptual transducers.
37. phosphenes.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

 

34. The visual system is able to analyze incoming sensory information into lines, angles, shading, and movement because it has a set of
35. sight cells.
36. second stage sensors.
37. feature detectors.
38. neurological transducers.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

 

35. The “pop-out” effect, or eye-catching effect, of such visual stimuli as lines, shapes, edges, spots, and colors occurs because your visual system is highly sensitive to perceptual
36. amplitudes.
37. transducers.
38. features.
39. thresholds.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

 

36. In a drawing, a single vertical line is placed among a group of slanted lines. This effect, which is so basic that babies as young as three months respond to it, is called the __________ effect.
37. somesthetic
38. pop-out
39. gate-control
40. stereoscopic

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Concept

 

37. A frog’s eyes are highly sensitive to small, dark, moving spots. Since the frog’s eyes are attuned to this specific stimuli, the frog’s eyes act as
38. feature detectors.
39. sensory amplifiers.
40. perceptual transducers.
41. phosphenes.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Concept

 

38. In order for a frog’s visual bug-detector to work, the bug must be
39. a dark color.
40. coming closer to the frog.
41. stationary.
42. moving.

 

 

ANS:      D             PTS:       1              DIF:        Easy

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

 

39. Regarding sensory analysis, which of the following statements is FALSE?
40. As they process information, the senses divide the world into important perceptual features.
41. Our sensitivity to perceptual features is an innate characteristic of our nervous system.
42. Our sensitivity to perceptual features is influenced by our experiences early in life.
43. Our sensitivity to perceptual features prevents our visual system from being vulnerable to the pop-out effect.

 

 

ANS:      D             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Concept

MSC:     * (New Question)

 

40. In their experiments on the brain and perceptual features, Blakemore, Cooper, Grobstein and Chow found that
41. the kittens raised in the vertically-striped rooms ran into chair legs in the normal environment.
42. the kittens raised in the horizontally-striped rooms had difficulty jumping onto a chair in the normal environment.
43. there was an actual decrease in brain cells tuned to the missing features.
44. all of these findings were true.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficult

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

 

41. Experiments in which cats were raised in environments which emphasized one feature over another showed that
42. even though cats did not have experience with some features, they could easily learn about them.
43. there was an actual decrease in brain cells tuned to the missing feature.
44. when returned to a normal environment, the cats became frightened and refused to move around.
45. there was an actual increase in brain cells tuned to the missing feature.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

 

42. In their experiments on the brain and perceptual features, Blakemore, Cooper, Grobstein and Chow found that the kittens raised in the vertically-striped rooms
43. bumped into chair legs.
44. missed when they tried to jump to horizontal surfaces.
45. had difficulty walking in a straight line.
46. experienced no difficulty in any visual task since the eyes easily adapt.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficult

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

 

43. In their experiments on the brain and perceptual features, Blakemore, Cooper, Grobstein and Chow found that the kittens raised in the horizontally-striped rooms
44. bumped into chair legs.
45. missed when they tried to jump to horizontal surfaces.
46. had difficulty walking in a straight line.
47. experienced no difficulty in any visual task since the eyes easily adapt.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Difficult

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

 

44. Converting important features of the world into neural messages understood by the brain is called
45. sensory coding.
46. sensory accommodation.
47. sensory adaptation.
48. sensory gating.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

MSC:     * (New Question)

 

45. The difference between stimuli must be sufficiently large in order for your sensory systems to __________ it.
46. accommodate
47. assimilate
48. code
49. decelerate

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

MSC:     * (New Question)

 

46. A minimum change in sensory intensity that is noticeable to an observer and can be coded into neural messages is known as the
47. absolute threshold.
48. psychophysical equation.
49. difference threshold.
50. transduction limit.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Easy

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

MSC:     * (New Question)

 

47. Regarding difference thresholds, which of the following statements is TRUE?
48. Difference thresholds occur when we can first detect some stimulus.
49. Difference thresholds occur when we can first detect the change in the intensity of a stimulus.
50. Difference thresholds involve the decrease in sensory response to an unchanging stimulus.
51. Difference thresholds involve the mental process of organizing sensations into meaningful patterns.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Easy

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

MSC:     * (New Question)

 

48. A researcher presents two lights of varying brightness to a subject who is asked to respond same or different by comparing their intensities. The researcher is seeking the __________ threshold.
49. difference
50. absolute
51. subliminal
52. phosphene

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Application

 

49. Light sensations caused by pressure applied to the eye are referred to as
50. pheromones.
51. phosphenes.
52. visual features.
53. artificial vision.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Fact

 

50. Creating phosphenes illustrates how which of the following processes occurs in the eye?
51. sensory gating
52. accommodation
53. absolute threshold
54. sensory coding

 

 

ANS:      D             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Concept

 

51. Phosphenes occur because the
52. eyes are able to transduce only a tiny fraction of electromagnetic energies.
53. eyes are sensitive to the pop-out effect.
54. eyes are only prepared to code stimulation as visual features.
55. sensitivity of the eyes to perceptual features in influenced by experiences early in life.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.2      KEY:       Concept

MSC:     * (New Question)

 

52. The type of sensation you experience depends on which area of the brain is activated. This is known as
53. transduction.
54. sensory localization.
55. sensory adaptation.
56. cerebralization.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.3      KEY:       Fact

 

53. Sensory localization means that the sensation experienced depends on the
54. area of the brain activated.
55. rate of firing of the nerve impulse.
56. the type of receptor stimulated.
57. the neural stimulation pattern.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.3      KEY:       Fact

 

54. Some brain areas receive visual information, others receive auditory information, and still others receive taste or touch. Knowing which brain areas are active tells us, in general, what kinds of sensations you are feeling. This illustrates
55. transduction.
56. sensory localization.
57. sensory adaptation.
58. cerebralization.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.3      KEY:       Concept

 

55. You are undergoing a PET scan. The doctor finds that when he asks you questions, the temporal lobe of the brain shows activation, while areas on the somatosensory area of the parietal lobe are activated when your hand is stroked. This association of brain area activation and sensation experienced illustrates
56. sensory gating.
57. sensory assimilation.
58. sensory localization.
59. cerebralization.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.3      KEY:       Application

 

56. Assume that a scientist is working on a device to route sounds directly to the brain to provide a type of hearing for people who are completely deaf. Which principle of sensory functioning would be most useful to the scientist in achieving her goal?
57. selective attention
58. data reduction
59. sensory adaptation
60. sensory localization

 

 

ANS:      D             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.3      KEY:       Application

 

57. In one approach, researchers have used a miniature television camera to send electrical signals to directly stimulate to the brain, while in another approach, a grid of light-sensitive elements is implanted into the retina so that it can electrically stimulate the optic nerve. Both of these systems involved the use of sensory
58. adaptation.
59. localization.
60. gating.
61. assimilation.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.3      KEY:       Concept

MSC:     * (New Question)

 

58. Which of the following is NOT one of the general functions of the sensory system?
59. sensory coding
60. sensory localization
61. sensory analysis
62. sensory assimilation

 

 

ANS:      D             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate

REF:       Sensory Processes-The First Step             OBJ:       4.1.3      KEY:       Fact

 

59. The spread of electomagnetic energies to which the eyes respond is called the
60. perceptual field.
61. gamma quatrant.
62. visible spectrum.
63. spectral composite.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Easy       REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact

 

60. The visible spectrum is is made up of a narrow range of wavelengths of
61. spectral particles.
62. ionized nanometers.
63. phosphenes.
64. electromagnetic radiation.

 

 

ANS:      D             PTS:       1              DIF:        Easy       REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact        MSC:     * (New Question)

 

61. Visible light is made up of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths of
62. 400-700 nanometers.
63. 20 to 20,000 C.P.S.
64. 300-800 decibels.
65. 20 to 20,000 hectometers.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate           REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact

 

62. Visible light starts at the “short” wavelengths, which we sense as
63. red.
64. green.
65. yellow.
66. purple.

 

 

ANS:      D             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate           REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact        MSC:     * (New Question)

 

63. We sense the longest wavelengths of visible light as the color
64. white.
65. purple.
66. red.
67. violet.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate           REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact        MSC:     * (New Question)

 

64. Humans respond to different wavelengths of light by experiencing differing
65. hues.
66. levels of brightness.
67. amounts of saturation.
68. amplitudes.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate           REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact

 

65. The basic color categories of red, orange, yellow, green, etc. refer to
66. saturation.
67. brightness.
68. hue.
69. color accommodation.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Easy       REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact

 

66. Hue refers to the
67. basic color categories.
68. pureness of color.
69. amplitude of light.
70. perception of meaningful patterns.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Easy       REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact

 

67. White light is
68. made up of the longest wavelengths.
69. made up of the shortest wavelengths.
70. a mixture of many wavelengths.
71. the absence of any wavelength.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate           REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact

 

68. Saturated or pure hues are produced by which type of wavelengths?
69. wide band
70. narrow band
71. combination
72. high amplitude

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate           REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact

 

69. Compared to a muddy brick red, a fire-engine red is said to be more
70. assimilated.
71. aqueous.
72. saturated.
73. accommodated.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate           REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Concept

 

70. Brightness refers to the
71. basic color categories.
72. pureness of color.
73. amplitude of light.
74. perception of meaningful patterns.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate           REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact

 

71. The dimension of vision which corresponds to the amplitude of light waves is
72. hue.
73. brightness.
74. transparency.
75. timbre.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate           REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact

 

72. Light waves of greater amplitude cause colors to appear
73. dull or “washed out.”
74. brighter.
75. saturated.
76. transparent.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate           REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Concept

 

73. Colors that appear brighter
74. are more saturated.
75. have shorter wavelengths of light.
76. have light waves that carry more energy.
77. have light waves with a lower amplitude.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate           REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Concept               MSC:     * (New Question)

 

74. The function of the lens is to
75. locate an image.
76. focus an image on the retina.
77. combine the location and projection on the blind spot.
78. project an image on the cornea.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Easy       REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact

 

75. Within one’s eye, the light-sensitive cells are called
76. photoreceptors.
77. phosphenes.
78. tympanics.
79. stereocilia.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Easy       REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact        MSC:     * (New Question)

 

76. Within one’s eye, the light-sensitive cells are located in the
77. retina.
78. cornea.
79. lens.
80. iris.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Easy       REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact        MSC:     * (New Question)

 

77. The area of the eye, which is about the size and thickness of a postage stamp and converts light energy into nerve impulses, is called the
78. cornea.
79. iris.
80. lens.
81. retina.

 

 

ANS:      D             PTS:       1              DIF:        Easy       REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact

 

78. The layer of light-sensitive pixels in the digital image sensor of a camera is analogous to the layer of photoreceptors of which area of the eye?
79. retina
80. iris
81. lens
82. pupil

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate           REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Concept

 

79. The clear membrane that covers the outside of the eye and helps gather and bend light inward is called the
80. pupil.
81. iris.
82. cornea.
83. retina.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate           REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact

 

80. Most of the focusing is done at the front of the eye by a clear membrane that bends light inward. This membrane is called the
81. lens.
82. iris.
83. cornea.
84. pupil.

 

 

ANS:      C             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate           REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact        MSC:     * (New Question)

 

81. Most of the focusing is done at the front of the eye by the cornea, with additional, smaller adjustments being made by the
82. lens.
83. iris.
84. retina.
85. pupil.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate           REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact        MSC:     * (New Question)

 

82. Muscles attached to which of part of the eye alter its shape and change the eye’s focal point?
83. lens.
84. fovea.
85. retina.
86. pupil.

 

 

ANS:      A             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate           REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact

 

83. The process in which the eye’s focal point changes as the muscles attached to the lens alter its shape is referred to as
84. assimilation.
85. accommodation.
86. perception.
87. tranduction.

 

 

ANS:      B             PTS:       1              DIF:        Moderate           REF:       Vision-Catching Some Rays

OBJ:       4.2.1      KEY:       Fact