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Genetics And Genomics for Nursing, 1st Edition Carole A. Kenne – Test Bank
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Kenner Genetics and Genomics for Nursing, 1/E
Chapter 2
Question 1
Type: FIB
The hospital nurse educator developing a presentation on genetic and genomic competencies should plan to include ______ competencies.
Standard Text:
Correct Answer: 27
Rationale : There are 27 competencies described in the ANA monograph that should be discussed in this presentation.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Planning
Learning Outcome: 2-1: Outline basic concepts of genetics and genomics in nursing practice.
Question 2
Type: MCSA
The nurse is considering applying for a position on a unit where many of the clients are affected by genetic anomalies. What is the nurse’s most important consideration before pursuing this position?
- Does the nurse want to have children in the future?
- Will the salary be sufficient compensation for the stress of working on this unit?
- Will the nurse’s safety be considered?
- What are the nurse’s basic feelings about working with clients who have genetic anomalies?
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: There is no reason to believe that working with clients who have genetic anomalies would affect the nurse’s capacity to have healthy children in the future.
Rationale 2: While adequacy of compensation is always a consideration, there is no indication that it is a more critical issue in this situation.
Rationale 3: Safety is always a consideration, but there is no indication that it is a more critical issue in this situation.
Rationale 4: Just as in any other situation, the nurse must recognize personal attitudes and values related to the care of the clients served by the unit.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Safe Effective Care Environment
Client Need Sub: Management of Care
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment
Learning Outcome: 2-1: Outline basic concepts of genetics and genomics in nursing practice.
Question 3
Type: MCMA
A client from Brazil is referred to the genetics clinic after experiencing a third spontaneous abortion. What nursing actions are required of the nurse providing education for this client?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
- Make certain all the resource materials are written in Spanish.
- Assess the client’s literacy level prior to providing written materials.
- Avoid eye contact when talking with the client.
- Talk with the client about why she is seeking treatment.
- Include verbal discussion of websites the client can access for additional information.
Correct Answer: 2,4
Rationale 1: There is no indication that Spanish is the language this client speaks.
Rationale 2: The nurse should provide materials the client can read and understand.
Rationale 3: The nurse should assess the client’s comfort with eye contact before automatically using this approach.
Rationale 4: The nurse must assess the client’s situation, including her response to the abortions and what she hopes to gain by seeking treatment. This discussion may help to identify cultural and religious factors that will help the nurse tailor education.
Rationale 5: The nurse should assess the client’s education, literacy, and resources prior to offering website information. The client may be computer literate with easy access to a computer, or she may have no resources. In either case, a written list of websites is preferable to a verbal list.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2-1: Outline basic concepts of genetics and genomics in nursing practice.
Question 4
Type: FIB
In order to practice at a level demonstrating competency, the nurse should ask family history questions that go back at least _____ generations.
Standard Text:
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale : The registered nurse who meets the genetic and genomic competency in assessment demonstrates the ability to elicit a minimum of three-generation family health history information.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment
Learning Outcome: 2-1: Outline basic concepts of genetics and genomics in nursing practice.
Question 5
Type: MCSA
The nurse who wishes to demonstrate competency in genetics and genomics should adopt which strategy?
- Advocacy for identical services for every ethnic group
- Identification of information sources useful in keeping current on genetics and genomics issues
- Use of standardized educational information forms for all clients
- Support of mandatory genetic testing of all clients admitted for diseases with genetic links
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: The competent nurse will advocate for genetic- and genomic-based services that are specific and equitable.
Rationale 2: The nurse who is competent must work to stay informed on current issues and research in genetics and genomics.
Rationale 3: The competent nurse will recognize the need for personalization of information based on ethnic, cultural, religious, legal, fiscal, and societal issues related to genetics and genomics.
Rationale 4: The truly competent nurse understands that the client has a right to refuse such testing, despite the perceived potential benefit.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2-1: Outline basic concepts of genetics and genomics in nursing practice.
Question 6
Type: MCMA
A nurse recording the family history of a newborn identifies that many people in the mother’s line and the father’s line have died from cancer. What information should the nurse provide for these parents?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
- “Unfortunately, there is little you can do to change the effects of genetics.”
- “You should be certain that your child is not exposed to secondhand smoke.”
- “You need to have your child screened every six months for cancer development.”
- “As your baby grows older, be sure to offer a well-balanced diet.”
- “Your child should be started on immune-enhancing medications at an early age.”
Correct Answer: 2,4
Rationale 1: While genetics cannot be changed, there are many strategies to change or modify their effects.
Rationale 2: Because exposure to secondhand smoke is associated with the development of some cancers, these parents should actively prevent their child’s exposure.
Rationale 3: Having a newborn screened every six months is not necessary. Suggesting this level of concern may cause undue anxiety in the parents.
Rationale 4: Obesity is a risk factor for the development of many diseases, including some cancers.
Rationale 5: There are no “immune-enhancing” medications that prevent cancer.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2-3: Identify intervention strategies that promote health and/or prevent disease in genetically high-risk populations.
Question 7
Type: MCSA
A client is advised to undergo genetic testing. The client says, “How will I afford to pay for this?” Which nursing response is best?
- “I’m sure your insurance company will cover it. Most of them do.”
- “We will work with your insurance company to explain why you need genetic testing.”
- “Genetic studies are not very expensive now.”
- “Payment will be an issue between you and your insurance company.”
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: Genetic testing is not covered by many insurance companies.
Rationale 2: The health care provider who is competent in genetics and genomics understands the problems of reimbursement and payment. One of the nursing competencies is collaborating with insurance providers/payers to facilitate reimbursement.
Rationale 3: Genetic studies can be very expensive.
Rationale 4: The nurse competent in genetics and genomics will collaborate with insurance companies and payers.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2-1: Outline basic concepts of genetics and genomics in nursing practice.
Question 8
Type: MCSA
A public health nurse wishes to improve his ability to integrate genetics and genomics into his practice. To strengthen his foundation knowledge he should choose which college course?
- Cellular biology
- Organic chemistry
- Introduction to sociology
- Trigonometry
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: A foundation in cellular biology is necessary for a basic understanding of genetics and genomics.
Rationale 2: It is not necessary to have coursework in organic chemistry to understand genetics and genomics.
Rationale 3: An introduction to sociology course is not likely to contain sufficient information about genetics and genomics.
Rationale 4: Coursework in trigonometry is not a prerequisite to understanding genetics and genomics.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Planning
Learning Outcome: 2-2: Identify differences in the knowledge base and skills needed to incorporate basic concepts in genetics and genomics into every type of nursing practice.
Question 9
Type: MCMA
Which factors would the nurse identify as a determinant of health?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
- The client’s grandfather and father each had myocardial infarctions before the age of 50.
- The client purchases groceries at a chain grocery store.
- The client lives in a state where many people are obese.
- Noise from a train interrupts the client’s sleep several times each night.
- The client has joined a group at work with the goal of losing 10 pounds over the next 6 months.
Correct Answer: 1,4,5
Rationale 1: One of the risk factors for coronary artery disease is a family history of the disorder. This is a determinant of health.
Rationale 2: Where groceries are purchased is not a determinant of health. What is purchased is a determinant of health.
Rationale 3: Living in a state where many people are obese does not determine the client’s health.
Rationale 4: Interrupted sleep from an environmental factor is a determinant of health.
Rationale 5: This is behavioral determinant of health. The client has adopted a behavior to improve health.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment
Learning Outcome: 2-2: Identify differences in the knowledge base and skills needed to incorporate basic concepts in genetics and genomics into every type of nursing practice.
Question 10
Type: MCSA
The nurse educator presented a program on genetics and genomics in health care to nurses and other personnel in several health care organizations. After a few weeks, the nurse wishes to evaluate its effectiveness. Who would give the nurse the best picture of the program’s effects?
- Clients who were cared for after the presentation
- Chief financial officer
- Quality assurance director
- Infection control officer
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: Clients are not likely to have information about the global effectiveness of a program.
Rationale 2: The chief financial officer’s focus does not include monitoring or evaluating such programs.
Rationale 3: The purpose of quality assurance is to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of health care systems and/or programs.
Rationale 4: The infection control officer’s focus does not include monitoring or evaluating such programs.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation
Learning Outcome: 2-2: Identify differences in the knowledge base and skills needed to incorporate basic concepts in genetics and genomics into every type of nursing practice.
Question 11
Type: MCMA
The nurse is writing a grant to fund technologies needed for a state-of-the-art genetics/genomics clinic. Which technologies are necessary for this endeavor?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
- Genetic testing
- Organ transplantation
- Genetic bio-banking
- Genetic screening
- Genomic bio-banking
Correct Answer: 1,3,4,5
Rationale 1: The clinic should be able to perform genetic testing.
Rationale 2: The clinic does not need technology for organ transplantation.
Rationale 3: A state-of-the-art clinic should have facilities for genetic bio-banking.
Rationale 4: This clinic should have the technology needed for genetic screening.
Rationale 5: A state-of-the-art clinic should have the technology necessary for genomic bio-banking.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Planning
Learning Outcome: 2-2: Identify differences in the knowledge base and skills needed to incorporate basic concepts in genetics and genomics into every type of nursing practice.
Question 12
Type: MCSA
Which statement by a nurse indicates the most competence in genetic referral activities?
- “I am not certain if there are any genetics clinics in this area.”
- “I will get you the telephone number of a genetics clinic.”
- “If I call the genetics clinic I may be able to get you an earlier appointment.”
- “You should probably find a genetics clinic for follow-up care.”
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: To be competent, the nurse must be aware of local or even regional care availability.
Rationale 2: Simply giving the telephone number to the client is not a good example of a referral.
Rationale 3: The nurse should facilitate the referral.
Rationale 4: The nurse has not facilitated referral for this client. In fact, the statement sounds like the nurse’s opinion, not a referral.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2-3: Identify intervention strategies that promote health and/or prevent disease in genetically high-risk populations.
Question 13
Type: MCSA
A client has been identified as having a strong family history of breast cancer. The health care team recommends genetic testing. The client says, “I am not going to have the testing.” Which nursing response is best?
- “You should get this done. Think about your children.”
- “OK, if that is what you want.”
- “Do you understand the implications of not being tested?”
- “If I were you, I would have the testing done.”
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: Using guilt (“think about your children”) is not an appropriate intervention.
Rationale 2: The nurse should advocate for the client’s wishes but must first determine that the client is fully informed regarding this decision.
Rationale 3: The nurse should be certain the client understands the implications of this decision and then should support the decision.
Rationale 4: The nurse should not impose personal beliefs on the client.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2-3: Identify intervention strategies that promote health and/or prevent disease in genetically high-risk populations.
Question 14
Type: MCSA
A hospital has elected to sponsor genetics and genomics education sessions for nurses. Which comment by a nurse would indicate to the manager an understanding of the purpose of this education?
- “I think we should send the nurses who work in obstetrics first.”
- “So many diseases have a genetic component.”
- “I’m an emergency department nurse. I don’t see the point.”
- “I work in the newborn nursery, so I need to go to the first session.”
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: There is no indication that the nurses who work in obstetrics need this education more or sooner than other nurses.
Rationale 2: This nurse understands that the need for genetics/genomics education is not limited to any particular specialty.
Rationale 3: Nurses who work in the emergency department care for clients with genetic tendencies to disease.
Rationale 4: Nurses of all specialties should receive this education. There is no indication that newborn nursery nurses should have priority.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation
Learning Outcome: 2-1: Outline basic concepts of genetics and genomics in nursing practice.
Question 15
Type: MCSA
The nurse executive of a major health care organization would like for all nurses working in the organization to master the essential competencies of genetic/genomic care. What is the best strategy for this nurse to institute?
- Require that all nurses pass a written examination on the competencies.
- Have managers ask questions about genetics in all employment interviews.
- Work with the human resources department to include competencies as part of the job description.
- Tell nurse managers to emphasize the genetic competencies in annual performance reviews.
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: This is not the best strategy. Nurses may know the competencies but not practice them.
Rationale 2: This strategy may help to identify those with some competence before employment, but is not the best offered.
Rationale 3: This is a beginning towards the goal. The executive should also work to provide education to nurses and demonstrate the competencies in clinical practice.
Rationale 4: A nonspecific instruction to “emphasize these competencies” does not provide good direction to the nurse managers, who may also have little education in genetics/genomics. It is also difficult to base performance reviews on competencies unless they have been added to the job description.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2-1: Outline basic concepts of genetics and genomics in nursing practice.
Kenner Genetics and Genomics for Nursing, 1/E
Chapter 4
Question 1
Type: MCSA
The nurse educator, describing DNA transcription and translation, wants to discuss the steps in sequence. In which order should the topics be discussed?
- DNA to RNA to proteins
- RNA to proteins to DNA
- Proteins to DNA to RNA
- RNA to DNA to proteins
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: The information in transcription and translation moves from DNA to RNA to proteins. This process does not vary.
Rationale 2: Information transfer begins in the DNA.
Rationale 3: Protein formation is the last step of this process.
Rationale 4: Information flow is from DNA to RNA.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Physiological Adaptation
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Planning
Learning Outcome: 4-1: Describe the structure and function of DNA, genes, and chromosomes.
Question 2
Type: MCSA
How would the nurse explain the physiological significance of translation as it applies to genetics?
- “Translation is the duplication of DNA.”
- “Translation is the formation of protein.”
- “Translation occurs before transcription in the development of gametes.”
- “RNA makes DNA in a process called translation.”
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: Replication is the duplication of DNA.
Rationale 2: The process of protein formation is called translation.
Rationale 3: Transcription always occurs before translation.
Rationale 4: The process whereby DNA makes RNA is called transcription. RNA does not make DNA.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Physiological Adaptation
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 4-1: Describe the structure and function of DNA, genes, and chromosomes.
Question 3
Type: MCMA
Which statements by a student would indicate to the nurse educator an understanding of genes and chromosomes?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
- “Genes are the basic unit of heredity.”
- “Genes are made up of many chromosomes.”
- “Genes create specific proteins.”
- “Normal heredity requires that genes be in a specific place on a chromosome.”
- “The sequences in which genes appear on the chromosome are random and not significant.”
Correct Answer: 1,3,4
Rationale 1: Chromosomes consist of genes, which are the true basic units of heredity.
Rationale 2: Chromosomes are made up of genes.
Rationale 3: A gene is a segment of DNA whose purpose is to create a specific protein. These proteins affect the development of cells.
Rationale 4: Genes occupy specific parts of the chromosome. If a gene is not in the right place, genetic abnormalities result.
Rationale 5: The sequencing of the genes determines heredity.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Physiological Adaptation
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation
Learning Outcome: 4-1: Describe the structure and function of DNA, genes, and chromosomes.
Question 4
Type: MCMA
The nurse would report that which findings of the Human Genome Project were surprising?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
- The human genome has hundreds of thousands of genes.
- There are fewer genes in the human genome than scientists thought at the beginning of the project.
- The genes are arranged on 48 chromosomes.
- There are only 20,000 to 25,000 genes in the human genome.
- There are only about 1,500 basic genes in the genome; the rest are duplications.
Correct Answer: 2,4
Rationale 1: This was not found to be true.
Rationale 2: Scientists thought the genome had many more genes than were actually discovered.
Rationale 3: The genes were found to be arranged on 46 chromosomes, as expected.
Rationale 4: The number of genes was found to be between 20,000 and 25,000.
Rationale 5: There are many more genes in the genome, and no distinction was made between “basic” genes and duplications.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Physiological Adaptation
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 4-1: Describe the structure and function of DNA, genes, and chromosomes.
Question 5
Type: MCSA
The parents of a child born with a genetic disorder ask the nurse why the child’s heart was affected instead of some other organ. How should the nurse respond?
- “Not all the DNA code is active in all the cells of the body. The DNA changes were expressed in the cells of your child’s heart, but not in other body cells.”
- “We don’t know why that happens.”
- “The heart is an essential organ, so it is often affected most dramatically.”
- “Heart cells contain more DNA than other body cells.”
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: All the cells of the body carry the same DNA code, but it is not actively expressed in all cells.
Rationale 2: We do know that not all the DNA code is expressed in all cells.
Rationale 3: The “choice” of which organ system is affected is determined by the DNA code, not by the importance of the organ system.
Rationale 4: The cells of the heart contain the same amount of DNA as other cells.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Physiological Adaptation
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 4-1: Describe the structure and function of DNA, genes, and chromosomes.
Question 6
Type: MCSA
The mother of a child born with a genetic abnormality says, “We read that our child’s condition was caused by a polymorphism. Is that a mutation?” How should the nurse respond?
- “They are much the same except that mutations occur more frequently than polymorphisms.”
- “They are the same, but the word mutation has such a negative connotation that we use polymorphism instead.”
- “Polymorphisms are more common than mutations.”
- “They are the same, and authors use the words interchangeably.”
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: Polymorphisms occur more frequently than mutations.
Rationale 2: The difference is in the frequency of occurrence, not in the connotation of the word.
Rationale 3: The difference between polymorphism and mutation is in the frequency of occurrence. Polymorphisms occur more frequently.
Rationale 4: The words are used to describe similar phenomena, but polymorphisms occur more frequently.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Physiological Adaptation
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 4-1: Describe the structure and function of DNA, genes, and chromosomes.
Question 7
Type: MCSA
The nurse is discussing medications that affect cells only at specific times in the cell cycle. What information should the nurse include?
- “Cells cycle very quickly, so it is important to keep the client’s blood level of medications stable.”
- “The length of the cell cycle varies among different types of body cells.”
- “The length of the cell cycle is typically at least two hours, so this medication has the opportunity to work for a long period.”
- “All the cells in a tissue have synchronized cell cycles.”
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: The cell cycle rate is variable.
Rationale 2: Cell cycles can vary between a few minutes and several years.
Rationale 3: Cells cycles are variable, from a few minutes to several years.
Rationale 4: Not all cells in a tissue are the same. The same kinds of cells are not exactly the same age and in the same cycle.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Physiological Adaptation
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 4-2: Describe the life cycle of a cell.
Question 8
Type: MCSA
Which stage of the cell cycle would the nurse recognize as most critical to the development of genetic changes?
- G0
- G1
- S
- Interphase
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: G0 is a permanent resting phase, so no further cell division occurs.
Rationale 2: Gap 1 or G1 is the phase in which most of the cell’s metabolic activity occurs. Genetic changes do not occur in this phase.
Rationale 3: The synthesis or S phase is the stage in which DNA replication occurs. If replication is faulty, genetic changes may result.
Rationale 4: Interphase is a resting phase.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Physiological Adaptation
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 4-2: Describe the life cycle of a cell.
Question 9
Type: MCMA
How would the nurse describe the processes that occur during cell mitosis?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
- “The parent cell divides.”
- “The end point of mitosis is the formation of four daughter cells known as gametes.”
- “When mitosis is over, two daughter cells will exist.”
- “Mitosis will result in cells that have 23 chromosomes.”
- “Mitosis comprises the entire cell cycle.”
Correct Answer: 1,3
Rationale 1: Division of the parent cell occurs during mitosis.
Rationale 2: Mitosis is the replication of somatic cells. Meiosis is the formation of gametes.
Rationale 3: The purpose of mitosis is the development of new cells. The parent cell divides to make two daughter cells.
Rationale 4: Mitosis results in cells that have 46 chromosomes.
Rationale 5: Mitosis is a portion of the cell cycle.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Physiological Adaptation
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 4-3: Discuss the mechanisms of meiosis and mitosis.
Question 10
Type: MCSA
The nurse would describe which phase of mitosis as the one in which the chromosomes actually move into the new cells?
- Interphase
- Prophase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: Interphase is a resting phase.
Rationale 2: In prophase the centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the dividing cell, but new cells have not yet formed.
Rationale 3: In anaphase the chromosomes begin to separate but are not yet in new cells.
Rationale 4: In telophase the chromosomes are pulled into the new cells, and a new nuclear envelop surrounds them.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Physiological Adaptation
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 4-3: Discuss the mechanisms of meiosis and mitosis.
Question 11
Type: FIB
Mitosis has occurred and new cells have been created. The nurse would expect that these new cells contain _____ chromosomes.
Standard Text:
Correct Answer: 46
Rationale : When mitosis is complete, two new cells, each with 46 chromosomes, are created.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Physiological Adaptation
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Planning
Learning Outcome: 4-3: Discuss the mechanisms of meiosis and mitosis.
Question 12
Type: FIB
Meiosis is completed. The nurse expects that the cells created in this process will have ______ chromosomes.
Standard Text:
Correct Answer: 23
Rationale : Meiosis is the process by which gametes are produced. Each gamete has 23 chromosomes.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Physiological Adaptation
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Planning
Learning Outcome: 4-3: Discuss the mechanisms of meiosis and mitosis.
Question 13
Type: MCSA
A client has been exposed to environmental teratogens at his workplace. This exposure has resulted in the development of sperm with 21 chromosomes. The nurse would predict which outcome for the zygote that would be produced if this sperm fertilizes a normal egg?
- The zygote will develop normally.
- The zygote will develop into a fetus with a minor genetic disorder, depending on which chromosomes are affected.
- The zygote will develop into a fetus with profound genetic disorders.
- The zygote will likely die.
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: It is very unlikely that a zygote with 44 chromosomes will develop normally.
Rationale 2: In the unlikely circumstance that this zygote developed into a fetus, the genetic disorder would not be minor.
Rationale 3: It is unlikely that this zygote will develop into a fetus.
Rationale 4: The most likely outcome of the fertilization is that the zygote will die.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Physiological Adaptation
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation
Learning Outcome: 4-4: Identify mechanisms of genetic variation.
Question 14
Type: MCSA
A child’s genetic disorder is thought to have arisen from a process called crossing over. The mother says, “I can’t believe this happened. Is it because of something I did while I was pregnant?” How should the nurse respond?
- “No, crossing over only happens in sperm.”
- “No, crossing over occurred before you got pregnant.”
- “Did you drink alcohol during your pregnancy?”
- “Crossing over happens very late in embryonic development. It is random and is not caused by anything you did.”
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: Crossing over occurs during meiosis, which is the process by which both eggs and sperm are created.
Rationale 2: Crossing over occurs during the development of the egg or sperm.
Rationale 3: Crossing over occurs during meiosis, which is the process of creating eggs and sperm. Alcohol use after fertilization would not affect this process.
Rationale 4: Crossing over occurs during meiosis, which is the process of creating eggs and sperm.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Physiological Adaptation
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation
Learning Outcome: 4-3: Discuss the mechanisms of meiosis and mitosis.
Question 15
Type: MCSA
A child’s genetic testing reveals an alteration in the locus of genes on one chromosome. How would the nurse explain this finding to the child’s parents?
- “Your child has too many chromosomes.”
- “The position of the genes on one chromosome has changed.”
- “An allele on one gene is not in the correct spot.”
- “The gene’s mRNA was altered.”
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: Locus does not refer to the number of chromosomes.
Rationale 2: Locus refers to the position of the gene on the chromosome.
Rationale 3: An allele is a copy of the gene and does not refer to position.
Rationale 4: Messenger RNA transmits information about gene placement, but the term is not used to indicate where a gene is located.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Physiological Adaptation
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 4-1: Describe the structure and function of DNA, genes, and chromosomes.
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