Description
History of Psychology The Making of a Science 1st Edition- Test Bank
Sample Questions
Instant Download With Answers
Chapter 2: From Prehistory to Civilization
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- Using Carl Sagan’s analogy, suppose the Big Bang occurred on January 1st, the solar system formed on September 9th, and the earth formed on September 14th. On what date did life begin as one celled organisms?
| a. | September 16th | c. | October 9th |
| b. | September 25th | d. | December 16th |
ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: Introduction
- Using Carl Sagan’s analogy, suppose the Big Bang occurred on January 1st, the solar system formed on September 9th, and the earth formed on September 14th. On what date did dinosaurs appear?
| a. | November 27th | c. | December 24th |
| b. | December 3rd | d. | December 31st |
ANS: C DIF: Conceptual REF: Introduction
- Using Carl Sagan’s analogy, suppose the Big Bang occurred on January 1st, the solar system formed on September 9th, and the earth formed on September 14th. When did the first human-like creatures appear?
| a. | November 28th | c. | December 25th |
| b. | December 9th | d. | December 30th |
ANS: D DIF: Conceptual REF: Introduction
- Using Carl Sagan’s analogy, suppose the Big Bang occurred on January 1st, the solar system formed on September 9th, and the earth formed on September 14th. At what time on December 31st were the first cities built?
| a. | 12 noon | c. | 10:30:15 p.m. |
| b. | 5:15 p.m. | d. | 11:59:35 p.m. |
ANS: D DIF: Conceptual REF: Introduction
- Which of the following refers to a member of one of the primate genera in the line of descent to modern humans?
| a. | hominin | c. | Australopithecus |
| b. | sapiens | d. | Rudolfensis |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Introduction
- Which of the following is a member of the same family, Hominidae, as humans?
| a. | orangutans | c. | lemurs |
| b. | spider monkeys | d. | tarsiers |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Early Hominins
- Which statement is true of hominins?
| a. | There are four hominin species: humans, chimps, gorillas, and monkeys. |
| b. | Hominins went extinct around the same time that the dinosaurs went extinct. |
| c. | Neanderthals won in the competition with hominins to become the sole ancestors of humans. |
| d. | The hominin species, Homo sapiens, populated the world by about 40,000 years ago. |
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: Early Hominins
- Which of the following indicates the characteristic of walking upright on the hind feet?
| a. | bipedalism | c. | ambulation |
| b. | mobility | d. | dual limb movement |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Basic Human Characteristics
- What refers to the bent hip, bent knee walking style of chimpanzees?
| a. | pseudo bipedalism | c. | quad-ambulation |
| b. | knuckle walking | d. | primitive mobility |
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: Basic Human Characteristics
- When did tools such as hand axes and choppers first arise?
| a. | 4.5 million years ago | c. | 2.5 million years ago |
| b. | 3.5 million years ago | d. | 1.5 million years ago |
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: Basic Human Characteristics
- What can be inferred by the Acheulean tools?
| a. | Toolmakers held the highest status in their communities. |
| b. | Toolmakers had to be able to select materials and envision the final product. |
| c. | Toolmakers were a wealthy group who passed on their “businesses” to their sons. |
| d. | Toolmakers were primarily male children who were too young to hunt. |
ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: Basic Human Characteristics
- Which of the following best characterizes Levallois tools?
| a. | They were simple tools, made from chipping larger stones. |
| b. | They were developed as hunting tools about 750,000 years ago. |
| c. | They were made from naturally occurring metal. |
| d. | They were broad, flat tools that could be used immediately after they were made. |
ANS: D DIF: Conceptual REF: Basic Human Characteristics
- How long ago did language arise?
| a. | 100,000 years ago | c. | 50,000 years ago |
| b. | 75,000 years ago | d. | 25,000 years ago |
ANS: C DIF: Conceptual REF: Basic Human Characteristics
- Which of the following appears to be a correlate of the evolution of language skills?
| a. | An increased capacity for social behavior |
| b. | The development of ornamental crafts |
| c. | The creation of primitive economies |
| d. | The initiation of violence against other groups |
ANS: A DIF: Conceptual REF: Basic Human Characteristics
- What is the importance of the FOXP2 gene?
| a. | The presence of the FOXP2 gene is associated with the ability to make tools from naturally occurring objects. |
| b. | The FOXP2 is recessive and individuals with two copies of the gene have superior visuospatial skills. |
| c. | Only individuals with the mutated form of the FOXP2 gene can pass on high levels of intelligence to their offspring. |
| d. | The mutated version of the FOXP2 gene occurs naturally only in humans and is believed to be associated with language. |
ANS: D DIF: Conceptual REF: Basic Human Characteristics
- What does the hunter-gatherer hypothesis propose?
| a. | The different skills sets that males and females have today (e.g., spatial tasks for males, verbal memory for females) reflect the skill sets needed in hunter-gatherer societies. |
| b. | Hunter-gatherer lifestyles precluded the development of social networks that were supported by agricultural lifestyles. |
| c. | Hunter-gatherer lifestyles were among the first to experience outbreaks of violence over limited resources and thus were among the first to develop primitive weapons of war. |
| d. | The types of foods consumed by hunter-gatherer groups were inadequate to support brain development and therefore, these groups became extinct. |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Hunter-Gatherers
- Which statement accurately describes natural history intelligence?
| a. | Natural history intelligence has developed only recently. |
| b. | In general, modern humans are less aware of the practical aspects of natural history intelligence than were Stone Age humans. |
| c. | Natural history intelligence has become far more complex and extensive with the development of life sciences. |
| d. | The development of natural history intelligence supports the development of social bonds among individuals and groups. |
ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: Stone Age Thinking
- What are time-factored markings?
| a. | Markings that correspond to astronomical events like phases of the moon |
| b. | Markings that date to a particular time period |
| c. | Markings used in carbon 14 dating of artifacts |
| d. | Markings that enable the user to judge how much time has passed |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Stone Age Thinking
- When did human ancestors begin to develop an agricultural lifestyle?
| a. | 5,000 years ago | c. | 15,000 years ago |
| b. | 10,000 years ago | d. | 20,000 years ago |
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: The Invention of Farming
- Modern hunter-gatherer societies ____.
| a. | are typically unable to adopt modern technology and thus remain hunter-gatherers |
| b. | remain hunter-gatherers because their environments preclude even minimal agriculture |
| c. | spend less time in activities related to “sustaining” themselves than do agricultural societies |
| d. | are not self-sustaining and typically do not survive past a few generations |
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: The Invention of Farming
- Where were the first known farming settlements?
| a. | Along the Euphrates River |
| b. | Near the Mediterranean Sea |
| c. | On the shores of the Atlantic Ocean |
| d. | Near the Great Lakes |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: The Invention of Farming
- Abu Hureyra was ____.
| a. | the first walled village |
| b. | one of the first known farming communities |
| c. | the first known community to form a government |
| d. | one of the first continuously inhabited towns |
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: The Invention of Farming
- What was one major result of people moving from hunter-gatherer societies to agricultural societies?
| a. | increased stature | c. | decreased infectious diseases |
| b. | decreased anemia | d. | increased infant mortality |
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: The Invention of Farming
- Which statement is true of the climate for the past 6,000 years?
| a. | The variability in the global average temperature has increased. |
| b. | The extremes of global temperature have markedly widened. |
| c. | The global average temperature has gotten colder. |
| d. | The global average temperature has remained fairly warm and constant. |
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: The Invention of Farming
- How long ago was the point of maximum extent of the last Ice Age?
| a. | 28,000 years ago | c. | 18,000 years ago |
| b. | 23,000 years ago | d. | 13,000 years ago |
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: The Invention of Farming
- According to Diamond (1997), which of the following is true of domestication?
| a. | More animals than plants have been domesticated. |
| b. | Domestication has enjoyed widespread success with a variety of crops and animals. |
| c. | Only five types of animals have been widely domesticated. |
| d. | While few animals have been domesticated, hundreds of crops have been domesticated. |
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: Domestication
- Which of the following is the most common category of the major domesticated crops?
| a. | cereals | c. | sugar sources |
| b. | pulses | d. | fruits |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Domestication
- The oldest continuously inhabited town is ____.
| a. | Alexandria | c. | Jericho |
| b. | Rome | d. | Constantinople |
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: Domestication
- According to Diamond (1997), which statement is true of domesticated plants?
| a. | Twelve crops account for 80% of the world’s harvest. |
| b. | Successful domestication requires a knowledge of genetics. |
| c. | Unlike domesticated animals, domesticated plants provide only food. |
| d. | Domestication only began about 1,000 years ago. |
ANS: A DIF: Conceptual REF: Domestication
- What is trepanning?
| a. | Deliberately killing weaker individuals |
| b. | Intentionally cutting a hole in the skull for therapeutic purposes |
| c. | Selecting seeds to save for future crops |
| d. | Excluding individuals from favored groups |
ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: Domestication
- When did urbanization begin?
| a. | 15,000 years ago | c. | 9,000 years ago |
| b. | 12,000 years ago | d. | 6,000 years ago |
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: Urbanization
- Where did urbanization begin?
| a. | Mesopotamia | c. | Greece |
| b. | Egypt | d. | Italy |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Urbanization
- What year marks the tipping point when more people, worldwide, lived in cities and towns than outside of them?
| a. | 1958 | c. | 1998 |
| b. | 1978 | d. | 2008 |
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: Urbanization
- In 1950, how many cities had a population greater than ten million, worldwide?
| a. | one | c. | 10 |
| b. | five | d. | 20 |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Urbanization
- In 2006, how many cities had a population greater than ten million, worldwide?
| a. | 11 | c. | 21 |
| b. | 16 | d. | 26 |
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: Urbanization
- Mumford (1956) saw city walls as a metaphor for the ____.
| a. | growth of cities | c. | need for soldiers |
| b. | exclusion of the “other” | d. | development of nations |
ANS: A DIF: Conceptual REF: Urbanization
- What does the discordance hypothesis address?
| a. | The differences between hunter-gatherer environments and those we live in now |
| b. | The reasons health is no longer strongly related to where people live |
| c. | The impact of urbanization on social networks |
| d. | The development of urban areas that are distant from agricultural centers |
ANS: A DIF: Conceptual REF: Urbanization
- Which of the following is true of modern hunter-gatherer societies?
| a. | Their life expectancies have increased more than the lifespans of urbanized societies. |
| b. | The benefits of the hunter-gatherer diet and lifestyle have been offset by the deaths associated with accidents. |
| c. | Individuals in hunter-gatherer societies are physiologically different from urbanized societies. |
| d. | Pollution from urban areas has contaminated their sources of animal proteins, resulting in widespread famines. |
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Urbanization
- Cochran and Harpending (2009) speculate that the impact of living in civilizations ____.
| a. | led to the evolution of new biological and behavioral traits |
| b. | eliminated the role of agricultural settlements |
| c. | caused humans to lose their ability to fight infectious diseases |
| d. | decreased the importance of stable food supplies |
ANS: A DIF: Conceptual REF: Civilization and the Birth of History
- What was the purpose of the clay tokens found by Schmandt-Besserat?
| a. | They were used to count prayers in religious services. |
| b. | They formed an early accounting system. |
| c. | They served as coins. |
| d. | They were children’s toys. |
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: Civilization and the Birth of History
- What evidence suggests that Stone Age civilizations believed in an afterlife of some sort?
| a. | Written texts of sacred stories and beliefs |
| b. | Paintings on cave walls |
| c. | Sacred buildings such as temples |
| d. | The presence of grave goods and offerings |
ANS: D DIF: Conceptual REF: Civilization and the Birth of History
- What is urbicide?
| a. | The destruction of religious monuments |
| b. | The deliberate destruction of a city during a war or other conflict |
| c. | Forcing the residents of a city to move to rural areas |
| d. | Burning or otherwise destroying books |
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: The Depth of Civilization
- Where did philosophy emerge?
| a. | Egypt | c. | Greece |
| b. | Iran | d. | Turkey |
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: The Rise of Philosophy
- When did philosophy emerge?
| a. | 5,000 years ago | c. | 3,000 years ago |
| b. | 4,000 years ago | d. | 2,000 years ago |
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: The Rise of Philosophy
- Keisha visited an Asian nation, and, while in an orphanage, affectionately patted the small children on the head. She felt horrible when she was told that head patting was considered to be offensive. What concept does this best illustrate?
| a. | relativism | c. | materialism |
| b. | imperialism | d. | asceticism |
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: The Rise of Philosophy
- According to your text, what two concepts was of particular interest to early philosophers?
| a. | religion and spirituality | c. | development and maintenance |
| b. | mind and soul | d. | magic and truth |
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: The Rise of Philosophy
- The phrase “dynamism of the universe” refers to the ____.
| a. | qualities of the universe that make it interesting and able to capture the attention of individuals |
| b. | features of the universe that give rise to life in any and all of its forms |
| c. | extent to which the universe and all things in it can be characterized by constancy or change |
| d. | ability of the universe to resist randomly occurring changes |
ANS: C DIF: Conceptual REF: The Rise of Philosophy
- Which philosophical school argues that the search for knowledge is impossible, or that even if it is possible, the knowledge could not be communicated?
| a. | relativism | c. | monism |
| b. | materialism | d. | nihilism |
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: The Rise of Philosophy
- Which philosophical school searches for the one single thing that will explain everything else?
| a. | relativism | c. | monism |
| b. | materialism | d. | nihilism |
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: The Rise of Philosophy
- The ancient Greek religion ____.
| a. | had no sacred texts |
| b. | had only male gods |
| c. | elevated mortals to the position of gods |
| d. | was observed in the same ways throughout Greece |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: The Rise of Philosophy
Chapter 4: Greek Philosophy
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- What type of government did the Spartans impose when they conquered Athens?
| a. | oligarchy | c. | republic |
| b. | democracy | d. | imperial |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Introduction
- Which of the following best describes the Socratic method?
| a. | Asking an individual a long series of questions to reveal what he or she does not know and then asking another long series of questions to help the individual find the needed knowledge |
| b. | Deliberately humiliating individuals by showing their ignorance and dismissing those who become upset by the procedure because they are unwilling to learn |
| c. | Refusing to answer direct questions when asked by students and instead asking them questions until they have figured out their own answers |
| d. | Creating an environment that supports the acquisition of knowledge by the experimental method |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Socrates
- Socrates corrupted Athenian youth by ____.
| a. | providing them with wine |
| b. | teaching them to question their parents |
| c. | urging them to engage in illicit sexual activity |
| d. | helping them create art critical of the government |
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: Socrates
- In what way was Socrates impious?
| a. | By writing poems that made fun of Athenian gods |
| b. | By creating his own gods |
| c. | By laughing during religious services |
| d. | By refusing to honor Athenian gods |
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: Socrates
- Which of the following was of particular interest to Socrates?
| a. | How the universe came into existence |
| b. | Why some people are more intelligent than others |
| c. | What makes someone virtuous |
| d. | Why aging occurs |
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: Socrates
- Socrates equated knowledge with ____.
| a. | compassion | c. | piety |
| b. | obedience | d. | virtue |
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: Socrates
- Socrates regarded beauty ____.
| a. | as a reflection of the gods |
| b. | as a quality that varied depending on who was perceiving it |
| c. | as an absolute that philosophers should seek and describe |
| d. | as subject to imperfection and decay |
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: Socrates
- What did Socrates regard as the source of virtue?
| a. | self-examination | c. | membership in society |
| b. | religion | d. | civilization |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Socrates
- What was one of the more disturbing implications of Socrates execution?
| a. | That philosophy was no longer relevant |
| b. | That no one could be allowed to commit crimes |
| c. | That favoritism played a role in the judicial system |
| d. | That criticizing the government could be lethal |
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: Socrates
- Which of the following is true of Plato’s dialogues?
| a. | They put the Socratic method in writing. |
| b. | They were discussions between Plato and his students. |
| c. | They were written as discussions among the gods. |
| d. | They lay out Plato’s philosophy so anyone can understand it. |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Plato
- Plato regards the written word ____.
| a. | as the highest art form |
| b. | as a way to immortalize the self |
| c. | as less effective for teaching than discussion |
| d. | as wasteful of time and effort |
ANS: C DIF: Conceptual REF: Plato
- Which of the following best describes Plato’s view of relativism?
| a. | Relativism was best suited to important questions. |
| b. | Relativism provided an effective way to understand differences. |
| c. | Relativism was preferable to materialism. |
| d. | Relativism would cause philosophy to become insignificant. |
ANS: D DIF: Conceptual REF: Plato
- Which of the following best describes Plato’s view of truth?
| a. | Perfectly knowable truths can only be found in the mind. |
| b. | There is no such thing as a perfect truth. |
| c. | Truths existed only in imperfect form because of the corruption of the earth. |
| d. | The perfection of truth led to its simplicity of perception. |
ANS: A DIF: Conceptual REF: Plato
- In Plato’s view, the real world is ____.
| a. | eternal and perfect |
| b. | a shadow cast by ideal, eternal truths |
| c. | composed of eternal truths |
| d. | composed of unchanging elements |
ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: Plato
- According to Plato, which is the most important Form, or eternal truth?
| a. | truth | c. | goodness |
| b. | beauty | d. | unity |
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: Plato
- In his allegory of the cave, Plato imagined prisoners chained in a cave who could only see shadows cast on the cave wall. Plato stated that if a prisoner escaped, saw the objects that were casting the shadows, and then returned to tell the other prisoners what he saw, the other prisoners might think him mad. How did Plato relate this to philosophy?
| a. | Philosophers who are seeking the truth will often be viewed as mad. |
| b. | Philosophers are held prisoner by their own preconceptions and must free themselves to see the truth. |
| c. | Only those philosophers who can escape the mundane will be able to communicate effectively. |
| d. | The goal of philosophy is to see what is casting the shadows, i.e., the eternal truths. |
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Plato
- According to Plato, eternal truths can best be discovered ____.
| a. | by looking within the self |
| b. | by studying great art |
| c. | by reading the masters |
| d. | by practicing religion |
ANS: A DIF: Conceptual REF: Plato
- According to Plato, the knowledge of eternal truths is contained in the ____.
| a. | heart | c. | mind |
| b. | soul | d. | brain |
ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: Plato
- According to Plato, the soul consists of the ____.
| a. | mind and spirit |
| b. | affective, intellectual, and spiritual |
| c. | masculine and feminine |
| d. | rational, appetitive, and passionate |
ANS: D DIF: Conceptual REF: Plato
- Plato conceptualized the soul as ____.
| a. | linking people to the gods |
| b. | something only a few individuals would develop |
| c. | irrelevant to understanding truth |
| d. | having a separate existence from the body |
ANS: D DIF: Conceptual REF: Plato
- Plato conceptualized government as ____.
| a. | a men-only democracy |
| b. | run by philosopher-kings |
| c. | a democracy including men and women |
| d. | useless; that is, he was an anarchist |
ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: Plato
- According to Aristotle, the starting point of philosophy is ____.
| a. | the four elements | c. | the observation of nature |
| b. | the fundamental truths | d. | introspection of the soul |
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: Aristotle
- How would Aristotle approach understanding what a tree is?
| a. | Develop a concept of an ideal tree. |
| b. | Observe as many trees as possible. |
| c. | Create an abstract definition of a tree. |
| d. | Ask others what they believed trees to be. |
ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: Aristotle
- What process did Aristotle use to understand concepts?
| a. | experimentation | c. | deduction |
| b. | introspection | d. | induction |
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: Aristotle
- What did Aristotle believe was the best form of government?
| a. | constitutional republic | c. | theocracy |
| b. | monarchy | d. | oligarchy |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Aristotle
- What process did Aristotle use to identify the best form of government?
| a. | engaging in introspection |
| b. | reviewing the writings of earlier philosophers |
| c. | reviewing the Grecian constitutions |
| d. | polling citizens |
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: Aristotle
- What did Aristotle identify as the three forms of knowledge?
| a. | practical, productive, and theoretical |
| b. | inductive and deductive |
| c. | moral and factual |
| d. | divine, earthly, and eternal |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Aristotle
- Aristotle based the worth and quality of art such as paintings or sculptures ____.
| a. | by their beauty |
| b. | by their ability to move the spirit |
| c. | by how controversial they were |
| d. | by their success in imitating life |
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Aristotle
- Aristotle viewed comedy as ____.
| a. | a superficial waste of time |
| b. | imitating the positive side of life |
| c. | a way to identify eternal truths |
| d. | an enjoyable recreation but little else |
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Aristotle
- Aristotle believed that the study of plants and animals ____.
| a. | is completely unrelated to they study of humans |
| b. | is a way to identify what humans are not |
| c. | has no relevance at all |
| d. | is an important part of the quest for knowledge |
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: Aristotle
- Aristotle believed that animals ____.
| a. | have the capacity for rationality |
| b. | are little more than moving plants |
| c. | are automatons |
| d. | have abilities that are fundamentally and qualitatively different than those of humans |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Aristotle
- Aristotle’s writings on the solar system ____.
| a. | asserted that the earth revolved around the sun |
| b. | were taught as truths by the Roman Catholic Church |
| c. | are remarkably similar to what is known about the solar system today |
| d. | fit well with Galileo’s writings |
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: Aristotle
- Suppose you are looking at Michaelangelo’s famous marble sculpture, David. According to Aristotle, the material cause is the ____.
| a. | marble of the statue |
| b. | fact that the marble had been sculpted |
| c. | processes used in sculpting |
| d. | sculpture itself |
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Aristotle
- Suppose you are looking at Michaelangelo’s famous marble sculpture, David. According to Aristotle, the efficient cause is ____.
| a. | marble of the statue |
| b. | fact that the marble had been sculpted |
| c. | processes used in sculpting |
| d. | sculpture itself |
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Aristotle
- What is best illustrated by the statement “birds have wings so they can fly?”
| a. | teleology | c. | animism |
| b. | epistemology | d. | nihilism |
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Aristotle
- Which of the following is an advantage of deductive logic?
| a. | It avoids teleology. |
| b. | It creates provable conclusions from a small number of premises. |
| c. | It only takes one exception to render a conclusion invalid. |
| d. | It requires repeated observations. |
ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: Aristotle
- Although Aristotle addressed a number of psychological topics, your text states that he cannot be called a psychologist according to the modern view of the profession. Why not?
| a. | He did not follow modern ethics. |
| b. | His experiments were poorly designed. |
| c. | He did not publish his findings in any of his writings. |
| d. | He engaged in teleological reasoning. |
ANS: D DIF: Conceptual REF: Aristotle
- Who, among the following, is a Cynic?
| a. | Diogenes | c. | Chrysippus |
| b. | Zeno of Citium | d. | Pyrrho |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Cynics
- Which of the following is best characterized by a life of self-denial and personal austerity?
| a. | humanism | c. | skepticism |
| b. | asceticism | d. | materialism |
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: Cynics
- Antisthenes believed that the pursuit of pleasure ____.
| a. | is the primary purpose of life |
| b. | is good for men but not women |
| c. | leads to the loss of freedom |
| d. | leads to the discovery of important truths |
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: Cynics
- Which of the following was of particular interest to Diogenes?
| a. | The acquisition of property |
| b. | Athenian citizenship |
| c. | Producing written records of his philosophy |
| d. | The distinction between happiness and wealth |
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: Cynics
- What was so shocking about Hipparchia?
| a. | She never married. |
| b. | She took part in discussions as an equal. |
| c. | She participated in Athenian government. |
| d. | She rigidly adhered to a vow of silence. |
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: Cynics
- Who, among the following, was a Stoic?
| a. | Zeno of Citium | c. | Thales |
| b. | Crates | d. | Diogenes |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Stoics
- How did Stoics define happiness?
| a. | The pursuit of pleasure | c. | Living in accordance with nature |
| b. | Self-denial | d. | Accumulating wealth |
ANS: C DIF: Factual REF: Stoics
- Which of the following refers to the belief that all present or future events are the consequence of past events?
| a. | determinism | c. | causalism |
| b. | rationalism | d. | materialism |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Stoics
- According to Skeptics, what is the goal of life?
| a. | pleasure | c. | wealth |
| b. | finding truth | d. | tranquility |
ANS: D DIF: Factual REF: Skeptics
- Epicureans believed that Greek gods ____.
| a. | could serve as models for human behavior |
| b. | controlled much of human behavior |
| c. | had become irrelevant |
| d. | cared greatly about humans |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Epicureans
- Which of the following refers to the pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain?
| a. | skepticism | c. | stoicism |
| b. | hedonism | d. | materialism |
ANS: B DIF: Factual REF: Epicureans
- Which of the following best describes the Epicureans’s approach to sensations?
| a. | Sensations create faithful representations of the physical world. |
| b. | Sensations can be true or false. |
| c. | Sensations are, at best, imprecise and unreliable. |
| d. | Sensations are created by perceptions. |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Epicureans
- What did Epicurus believe about the soul?
| a. | Souls are made of special atoms that survive death and are recycled into new souls. |
| b. | Souls are eternal, indivisible, and indestructible. |
| c. | Souls are of no particular importance or use. |
| d. | Souls allow direct communication with the gods. |
ANS: A DIF: Factual REF: Epicureans
Reviews
There are no reviews yet.