Hole’s Human Anatomy & Physiology 15Th Edition By David Shier – Test Bank

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Hole’s Human Anatomy & Physiology 15Th Edition By David Shier – Test Bank

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Chapter 2   Chemical Basis of Life

 

1) Matter is composed of elements, which are composed of ________.

1. A) atoms
2. B) inorganic molecules
3. C) organic molecules
4. D) chemicals

 

Answer:  A

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

2) The atomic number of an atom equals the number of ________, and the atomic weight equals the ________.

1. A) neutrons; number of protons
2. B) protons; weight of all the electrons
3. C) neutrons; number of protons plus electrons
4. D) protons; number of protons plus neutrons

 

Answer:  D

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

3) In a covalent bond

1. A) one atom loses and another atom gains electrons.
2. B) atoms share a pair or more of electrons.
3. C) oppositely charged atoms attract.
4. D) like-charged atoms repel.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Chemical bonding

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.03 Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

4) In an ionic bond

1. A) each atom gains electrons.
2. B) atoms share a pair or more of electrons.
3. C) oppositely charged atoms attract.
4. D) like-charged atoms repel.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Chemical bonding

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.; 02.03 Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

5) Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of

1. A) cations.
2. B) uncharged particles.
3. C) anions.
4. D) salts.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Chemical bonding

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

6) When K+ and Cl- meet, they will

1. A) repel and form no product.
2. B) form KCl with an ionic bond.
3. C) form KCl with a covalent bond.
4. D) form individual molecules.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Chemical bonding

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.; 02.03 Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

7) When placed into water, the ionic compound NaCl will

1. A) bond more strongly to each other.
2. B) dissociate into Na+ and Cl-
3. C) bond covalently with water molecules, forming HCl and NaOH.
4. D) decompose.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Chemical bonding

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.; 02.03 Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

8) Considering the number of valence electrons carbon has, what is the maximum number of hydrogen atoms a free carbon atom may bond with?

1. A) 1
2. B) 2
3. C) 4
4. D) 8

 

Answer:  C

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules; Chemical bonding

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.; 02.03 Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

9) Which of the following isotopes has the longest half-life?

1. A) Iodine-131
2. B) Iron-59
3. C) Phosphorus-32
4. D) Cobalt-60

 

Answer:  D

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

10) The ________ uses iodine in a synthesis reaction.

1. A) spleen
2. B) liver
3. C) thymus
4. D) thyroid gland

 

Answer:  D

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.; 02.03 Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

11) The isotope most likely to be used to study the thyroid gland is

131. A) iodine-131.
132. B) iron-59.
133. C) thallium-201.
134. D) cobalt-60.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  02.02; Boxed Reading: From Science to Technology 2.1

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.; 02.03 Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

12) Atomic radiation is useful for treating cancer because

1. A) radiation affects cancer cells but not normal cells.
2. B) radiation protects normal cells against the effects of cancer.
3. C) radiation harms cancer cells more readily than it does most non-cancer cells.
4. D) normal cells are not affected by radiation.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  02.02; Boxed Reading: From Science to Technology 2.2

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.; 02.03 Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

13) Exposure to ionizing radiation may

1. A) cloud the lens of the eye.
2. B) cause cancer.
3. C) interfere with normal growth.
4. D) All of the answer choices are correct.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  02.02; Boxed Reading: From Science to Technology 2.2

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.; 02.03 Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

14) Which of the following is not a source of ionizing radiation?

1. A) Cosmic rays from outer space
2. B) Cholesterol and triglycerides
3. C) Atomic and nuclear weapons
4. D) Smoke detectors

 

Answer:  B

Section:  02.02; Boxed Reading: From Science to Technology 2.2

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.; 02.03 Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

15) A computerized tomography (CT) scan differs from a conventional X-ray image because it is

1. A) two-dimensional.
2. B) three-dimensional.
3. C) four-dimensional.
4. D) safer.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  02.02; Boxed Reading: From Science to Technology 2.3

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.; 02.03 Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

16) Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging follows the emission of

1. A) positrons.
2. B) electrons.
3. C) neutrons.
4. D) protons.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  02.02; Boxed Reading: From Science to Technology 2.3

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.; 02.03 Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

17) Chemistry deals with

1. A) the composition of and changes to substances that make up living as well as non-living matter.
2. B) the composition of and changes to substances found in organisms only.
3. C) the composition of and changes to substances that make up non-living matter only.
4. D) the location of organs in body cavities.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  02.01

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.01 Give examples of how the study of living materials requires an understanding of chemistry.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

18) Chemistry is important to the study of physiology because

1. A) the foods that we eat are chemicals.
2. B) body functions depend on cellular functions that reflect chemical changes.
3. C) chemical reactions enable our bodies to extract energy from nutrients.
4. D) All of the answer choices are correct.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  02.01

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.01 Give examples of how the study of living materials requires an understanding of chemistry.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

19) Which of the following substances is an element?

1. A) Iron
2. B) Water
3. C) Sodium chloride
4. D) Glucose

 

Answer:  A

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

20) Which of the following groups of elements accounts for more than 95% of the human body by weight?

1. A) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
2. B) Calcium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
3. C) Carbon, phosphorus, oxygen, hydrogen
4. D) Calcium, phosphorus, hydrogen, nitrogen

 

Answer:  A

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

21) The atoms of different elements have

1. A) the same atomic number and same atomic weight.
2. B) the same atomic number but different atomic weights.
3. C) different atomic numbers.
4. D) different atomic numbers but the same number of electrons.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

22) Isotopes of an element have

1. A) the same atomic number and same atomic weight.
2. B) the same atomic number but different atomic weights.
3. C) different atomic numbers but the same atomic weight.
4. D) different atomic numbers and different atomic weights.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

23) Which of the following is(are) ionizing radiation?

1. A) Cosmic radiation only
2. B) Gamma radiation only
3. C) Both cosmic radiation and gamma radiation
4. D) Neither cosmic nor gamma radiation

 

Answer:  C

Section:  02.02; Boxed Reading: From Science to Technology 2.2

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.; 02.03 Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

24) The atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is

8. A) 8.
9. B) 16.
10. C) 24.
11. D) 32.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

25) The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of

1. A) electrons.
2. B) protons.
3. C) neutrons.
4. D) nuclei.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

26) The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of

1. A) 1 electron.
2. B) 2 electrons.
3. C) 4 electrons.
4. D) 8 electrons.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

27) When forming a bond, an atom that has 3 electrons in its second shell and a filled first shell will

1. A) lose 3 electrons from its second shell.
2. B) lose all of the electrons from its first shell.
3. C) lose all of the electrons from both its first and second shells.
4. D) gain 5 electrons in its second shell.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

28) The formula H2O refers to

1. A) two hydrogen molecules and one oxygen molecule.
2. B) one hydrogen molecule and two oxygen molecules.
3. C) a molecule that contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
4. D) a molecule that contains one hydrogen atom and two oxygen atoms.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02:04 Explain how molecular and structural formulas symbolize the composition of compounds.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

29) Which of the following best describes the reaction H2CO3 → H2O + CO2?

1. A) Decomposition reaction
2. B) Exchange reaction
3. C) Reversible reaction
4. D) Synthesis reaction

 

Answer:  A

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02:05 Describe three types of chemical reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

30) A water solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is

1. A) acidic.
2. B) basic.
3. C) alkaline.
4. D) neutral.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02:06 Describe the differences among acids, bases and salts.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

31) When placed in a solution, HNO3 dissociates into H+ and NO3-. The compound HNO3 must be a(n) ________.

1. A) base.
2. B) nucleotide.
3. C) acid.
4. D) electron.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02:06 Describe the differences among acids, bases and salts.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

32) The difference in hydrogen ion concentration between solutions with pH 4 and pH 5 is

1. A) twofold.
2. B) fivefold.
3. C) tenfold.
4. D) twentyfold.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02:06 Describe the differences among acids, bases and salts.; 02:07 Explain the pH scale.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

33) Which of the following best describes the reaction NaNO3 + HCl → HNO3 + NaCl?

1. A) Decomposition reaction
2. B) Exchange reaction
3. C) Reversible reaction
4. D) Synthesis reaction

 

Answer:  B

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02:05 Describe three types of chemical reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

34) Consider the following list of commonly found items and their pH values:

 

Baking Soda (8.3), Battery Acid (1.0), Beer (4.2), Bleach (12.8), Butter (6.1–6.4), Coffee (5.0), Egg Whites (7.6–8.0), Grapes (3.5–4.5), Milk of Magnesia (10.6), Tomato (4.0–4.5), Vinegar (2.2), White Bread (5.0–6.0)

 

Which of the following choices includes all acids?

1. A) Egg whites, baking soda, milk of magnesia, and bleach
2. B) Tomatoes, egg whites, and baking soda
3. C) Vinegar, grapes, tomatoes, and coffee
4. D) Beer, butter, and baking soda

 

Answer:  C

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02:07 Explain the pH scale.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

35) Electrolytes are substances that

1. A) form covalent bonds with water.
2. B) ionize in water.
3. C) cannot conduct electricity in solution.
4. D) form bonds that are stable in water.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Inorganic compounds and solutions

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02:09 List the major inorganic chemicals common in cells and explain the function (s) of each.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

36) The pH scale measures the

1. A) concentration of hydrogen ions in solution.
2. B) number of molecules of salts dissolved in water.
3. C) number of hydroxide ions in water.
4. D) strength of an electrical current that a solution carries.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Inorganic compounds and solutions

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02:07 Explain the pH scale.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

37) Which of the following is the most abundant inorganic substance in the body?

1. A) Carbohydrate
2. B) Water
3. C) Lipid
4. D) Protein

 

Answer:  B

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Inorganic compounds and solutions

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02:09 List the major inorganic chemicals common in cells and explain the function (s) of each.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

38) A person has alkalosis if the blood pH

7. A) is above 7.0.
8. B) is below 7.0.
9. C) rises above 7.5.
10. D) drops below 7.3.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02:06 Describe the differences among acids, bases and salts.; 02:07 Explain the pH scale.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

39) A complete atom is electrically neutral because

1. A) the number of protons equals the number of neutrons.
2. B) the number of electrons equals the number of neutrons.
3. C) the number of electrons equals the number of protons.
4. D) the number of electrons is greater than the number of protons.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.02 Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and compounds.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

40) Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for

1. A) release of energy.
2. B) digestion of food products.
3. C) growth of body parts.
4. D) neutralization of acids by buffers.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02:05 Describe three types of chemical reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

41) On the pH scale

1. A) a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration separates each whole number.
2. B) the lower the whole number on the scale, the greater the H+
3. C) pH values above 7 are basic (alkaline).
4. D) All of the answer choices are correct.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02:07 Explain the pH scale.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

42) An acid reacting with a base is

1. A) a synthesis reaction.
2. B) hydrolysis.
3. C) a decomposition reaction.
4. D) an exchange reaction.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02:06 Describe the differences among acids, bases and salts.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

43) The following reaction occurs: HBr + NaOH → NaBr + H2O. What is the product NaBr considered in this reaction?

1. A) A buffer
2. B) A salt
3. C) A solvent
4. D) A protein

 

Answer:  B

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Atoms and molecules

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02:06 Describe the differences among acids, bases and salts.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

44) A substance is added to a protein sample that does not alter the composition or amino acid sequence of the protein itself, but changes its three-dimensional structure. Which of the following was altered by the substance?

1. A) Oxygen double bonds
2. B) Covalent bonds
3. C) Ionic bonds
4. D) Hydrogen bonds

 

Answer:  D

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02.03 Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact.; 02:10 Describe the general functions of the main classes of organic molecules in cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

45) In the body, oxygen

1. A) reacts with water to form carbonic acid.
2. B) is used during cellular respiration.
3. C) is a major electrolyte.
4. D) is produced by cells.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Organic compounds; Cellular respiration

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02:09 List the major inorganic chemicals common in cells and explain the function (s) of each.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

46) Which of the following is characteristic of carbohydrates?

1. A) They contain C, H, O, with twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms.
2. B) They provide much of the energy that the cell requires.
3. C) They include sugars and starches.
4. D) All of the answer choices are correct.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02:10 Describe the general functions of the main classes of organic molecules in cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

47) A simple carbohydrate

6. A) has a molecular formula of C6H12O6.
7. B) is a building block of protein.
8. C) consists of several joined chains.
9. D) has only one nucleotide.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02:10 Describe the general functions of the main classes of organic molecules in cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

48) Lipids

1. A) are insoluble in water.
2. B) include phospholipids, cholesterol, and fats.
3. C) contain C, H, and O, but with proportionately less oxygen than in carbohydrates.
4. D) All of the answer choices are correct.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02:10 Describe the general functions of the main classes of organic molecules in cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

49) Collagen, a helical protein, became straight and flat as the temperature of its environment was changed. Its primary structure was not altered. What happened to cause it to flatten?

1. A) Bonds between carbon and oxygen were broken.
2. B) Hydrogen bonds were broken.
3. C) Peptide bonds were broken.
4. D) Peptide bonds were formed.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02:10 Describe the general functions of the main classes of organic molecules in cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

50) Which of the following is not organic?

1. A) Sodium chloride
2. B) Lipids
3. C) Nucleic acids
4. D) Enzymes

 

Answer:  A

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Inorganic compounds and solutions; Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.03 Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact.; 02:10 Describe the general functions of the main classes of organic molecules in cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

51) Lard will ________ than peanut oil.

1. A) contain more water
2. B) have more glycerol
3. C) have more single carbon-carbon bonds
4. D) have fewer hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms

 

Answer:  C

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02.03 Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact.; 02:10 Describe the general functions of the main classes of organic molecules in cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

52) Proteins

1. A) are structural materials.
2. B) can function as enzymes.
3. C) contain C, H, O, and N, and sometimes S.
4. D) All of the answer choices are correct.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02:10 Describe the general functions of the main classes of organic molecules in cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

53) Amylase is an enzyme that promotes the breakdown of starches during digestion. Which of the following describes the method by which amylase functions?

1. A) It catalyzes starch breakdown without being changed or depleted.
2. B) It functions as a hormone that signals for starch breakdown to begin.
3. C) It inhibits chemical reactions by being changed or depleted by the starch.
4. D) It changes its composition in order to break starch down itself.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02.03 Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact.; 02:10 Describe the general functions of the main classes of organic molecules in cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

54) The parts of a protein that change when it denatures are

1. A) the primary and secondary structures.
2. B) the secondary and tertiary structures.
3. C) the amino acid sequence and the secondary structure.
4. D) the tertiary and quaternary structures.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02:10 Describe the general functions of the main classes of organic molecules in cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

55) DNA

1. A) is a protein.
2. B) plays no role in the synthesis of fats.
3. C) stores genetic information, including instructions for enzymes that synthesize fats and carbohydrates.
4. D) is routinely broken down to provide cellular energy.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Organic compounds; Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02:10 Describe the general functions of the main classes of organic molecules in cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

56) Nucleic acids are

1. A) very small, simple molecules.
2. B) structural molecules that have no function other than support.
3. C) composed of building blocks called nucleotides.
4. D) primary sources of cellular energy.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Organic compounds; Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02:10 Describe the general functions of the main classes of organic molecules in cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

57) The nitrogenous bases of DNA and RNA provide informational content because

1. A) the bases are of several types and therefore can form a code sequence.
2. B) they all contain nitrogen.
3. C) their sugars and phosphates vary.
4. D) the bases are also parts of amino acids.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Organic compounds; Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02:10 Describe the general functions of the main classes of organic molecules in cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

Hole’s Human Anatomy & Physiology, 15e (Shier)

Chapter 4   Cellular Metabolism

 

1) The term metabolism refers to

1. A) the reactions in the body that synthesize proteins and nucleic acids.
2. B) the reactions in the body that break down proteins and nucleic acids.
3. C) all of the chemical reactions in a cell.
4. D) the breakdown of glucose molecules to release energy.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  04.01

Topic:  Introduction to metabolism

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.01 Compare and contrast anabolism and catabolism.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

2) One reason why protein synthesis is important is

1. A) enzymes are proteins and enzymes are essential to metabolism.
2. B) proteins release energy for metabolic reactions.
3. C) proteins encode DNA sequences.
4. D) the diet does not provide the building blocks of protein.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Introduction to metabolism; Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.02 Describe the role of enzymes in metabolic reactions.; 04.03 Explain how metabolic pathways are regulated.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

3) The term anabolic metabolism refers to

1. A) biochemical reactions that synthesize compounds.
2. B) all processes required to maintain life.
3. C) biochemical reactions that break down compounds.
4. D) biochemical reactions that release energy from nutrients.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  04.01

Topic:  Introduction to metabolism; Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.01 Compare and contrast anabolism and catabolism.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

4) Which of the following is an example of catabolism?

1. A) The assembly of the cell membrane from precursor molecules
2. B) The increase in muscle tissue with exercise
3. C) The formation of secretory proteins in the pancreas
4. D) The breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm and mitochondria

 

Answer:  D

Section:  04.01

Topic:  Introduction to metabolism; Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.01 Compare and contrast anabolism and catabolism.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

5) The term catabolism refers to

1. A) chemical reactions that acquire energy.
2. B) chemical reactions that release energy.
3. C) synthesis of large molecules.
4. D) the formation of genetic material.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  04.01

Topic:  Introduction to metabolism; Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.01 Compare and contrast anabolism and catabolism.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

6) An example of an anabolic reaction is

1. A) many monosaccharides bonding, forming glycogen.
2. B) a dipeptide breaking down into two amino acids.
3. C) glycerol reacting with three fatty acid molecules to yield water and proteins.
4. D) glycogen breaking down into many monosaccharides.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Introduction to metabolism; Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.02 Describe the role of enzymes in metabolic reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

7) In dehydration synthesis of a carbohydrate,

1. A) larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones.
2. B) monosaccharides are joined.
3. C) water molecules bond to monosaccharide molecules.
4. D) the molecule is broken down into carbon dioxide and water.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  04.01

Topic:  Organic compounds; Energy transfer using ATP

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.01 Compare and contrast anabolism and catabolism.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

8) When a sucrose molecule is broken down to yield a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule,

1. A) dehydration synthesis occurs.
2. B) a water molecule is released.
3. C) a water molecule is used.
4. D) starch is consumed.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  04.01

Topic:  Organic compounds; Energy transfer using ATP

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.01 Compare and contrast anabolism and catabolism.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

9) Dehydration synthesis reactions ________ , whereas hydrolysis reactions ________.

1. A) lose H2O as bonds are broken; use H2O to form bonds
2. B) break large molecules into smaller ones; build large molecules from smaller ones
3. C) use H2O to form bonds; lose H2O as bonds are broken
4. D) lose H2O as bonds are formed; use H2O to break bonds

 

Answer:  D

Section:  04.01

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.01 Compare and contrast anabolism and catabolism.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

10) Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes?

1. A) They speed up the rate of chemical reactions but are not used up in the process.
2. B) Most are proteins.
3. C) They are most active at temperatures above 53 degrees C.
4. D) They have active sites and interact with specific substrates.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.02 Describe the role of enzymes in metabolic reactions.; 04.03 Explain how metabolic pathways are regulated.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

11) The enzyme catalase acts on the substrate

1. A) oxygen.
2. B) hydrogen.
3. C) hydrogen peroxide.
4. D) peroxidase.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.02 Describe the role of enzymes in metabolic reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

12) Which of the following would NOT be an example of an enzyme?

1. A) A molecule that remains unchanged after assisting in a chemical reaction
2. B) A molecule that assists in the breakdown of proteins into amino acids in the stomach
3. C) A molecule that helps to form the cytoskeleton of a cell
4. D) A molecule that breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose

 

Answer:  C

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.02 Describe the role of enzymes in metabolic reactions.; 04.03 Explain how metabolic pathways are regulated.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

13) Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. Individuals who are lactose intolerant lack the enzyme to break this sugar down into monosaccharides. Based on enzyme nomenclature, what enzyme is deficient in these individuals?

1. A) Lact ese
2. B) Lact ose
3. C) Lacto gen
4. D) Lact ase

 

Answer:  D

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.02 Describe the role of enzymes in metabolic reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

14) The basic steps of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction are

1. A) substrate and product combine, forming an S-P complex. The reaction occurs, enzymes are released, and the unchanged substrate is released and recycled.
2. B) substrate and enzyme combine, forming an E-S complex. The reaction occurs, products are released, and the unchanged enzyme is released and recycled.
3. C) substrate, enzyme, and product combine, forming an S-E-P complex. The reaction occurs, products are released, and the unchanged enzyme is released and recycled.
4. D) enzyme and product combine, forming an E-P complex. The reaction reverses, enzymes are released, and the unchanged substrate is released and recycled.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.03 Explain how metabolic pathways are regulated.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

15) Which of the following best describes the interaction between an enzyme and its substrate?

1. A) The enzyme surrounds and completely contains the substrate.
2. B) The substrate surrounds and completely contains the enzyme.
3. C) The enzyme temporarily deactivates the substrate.
4. D) Part of the enzyme temporarily binds part of the substrate molecule.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.02 Describe the role of enzymes in metabolic reactions.; 04.03 Explain how metabolic pathways are regulated.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

16) Some insecticides, such as chlorpyrifos, work by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which normally breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Where does this insecticide most likely bind to inhibit the enzyme’s activity?

1. A) Any location on the amino acid chain that forms the AChE enyzme
2. B) A sequence of DNA nucleotides that encodes the AChE enzyme protein molecule
3. C) It does not need to bind with the enzyme directly
4. D) The part of an enzyme that combines with acetlycholine

 

Answer:  D

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.02 Describe the role of enzymes in metabolic reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

17) An important mechanism that controls metabolic pathways under physiological conditions is

1. A) positive feedback.
2. B) signal transduction.
3. C) negative feedback.
4. D) genetic control.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.03 Explain how metabolic pathways are regulated.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

18) Three factors that increase the rates of enzyme-controlled reactions are the

1. A) number of enzyme molecules, number of substrate molecules, and efficiency of the enzyme.
2. B) temperature of the reaction, number of H2O molecules, and bond strength.
3. C) number of enzyme and substrate molecules formed, and strength of the enzyme.
4. D) size of the enzyme compared to the substrate, the number of active sites, and the ratio of enzyme to substrate molecules.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.02 Describe the role of enzymes in metabolic reactions.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

19) A cofactor is ________. Examples are ________.

1. A) an inorganic molecule that all enzymes require; cholesterol and calcium
2. B) an inorganic molecule that some enzymes require; vitamin B12and B6
3. C) a necessary part of some enzymes; copper, iron, and zinc
4. D) a molecule that destabilizes substrates; carbonic acid

 

Answer:  C

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.02 Describe the role of enzymes in metabolic reactions.; 04.03 Explain how metabolic pathways are regulated.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

20) Humans require vitamins in their diets because these nutrients

1. A) provide energy.
2. B) are broken down by catabolic reactions.
3. C) bond with minerals.
4. D) act as coenzymes.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Organic compounds

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.03 Explain how metabolic pathways are regulated.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

21) A molecule that carries energy in a form the cell can use is

1. A) glucose.
2. B) glycogen.
3. C) vitamin C.
4. D) ATP.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  04.03

Topic:  Energy transfer using ATP

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.04 Explain how ATP stores chemical energy and makes it available to a cell.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

22) ATP is important to cellular processes because it

1. A) is formed by muscles contracting or whenever cellular work occurs.
2. B) provides energy for cellular work when the terminal, high-energy bond is broken.
3. C) releases oxygen when high-energy phosphate bonds are broken.
4. D) is a by-product of all catabolic reactions.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  04.03

Topic:  Energy transfer using ATP

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.04 Explain how ATP stores chemical energy and makes it available to a cell.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

23) Energy is defined as

1. A) something important for chemical reactions.
2. B) the ability to do work.
3. C) the heat given off from chemical reactions.
4. D) the heat required to start a reaction.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  04.03

Topic:  Energy transfer using ATP

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.04 Explain how ATP stores chemical energy and makes it available to a cell.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

24) What is the function of ATP molecules in living cells?

1. A) They form a genetic material.
2. B) They capture energy from the oxidation of fuels in their high-energy phosphate bonds, and the energy is used in various cell processes.
3. C) They act as coenzymes so that fats can be synthesized.
4. D) They are an integral part of the cell membrane, important in transporting water molecules.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  04.03

Topic:  Energy transfer using ATP

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.04 Explain how ATP stores chemical energy and makes it available to a cell.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

25) How does oxidation during cellular respiration differ from burning?

1. A) Respiration doesn’t use enzymes to lower the activation energy.
2. B) Respiration requires a relatively large amount of energy to start the process.
3. C) Respiration uses enzymes to lower the activation energy.
4. D) Respiration releases more energy as heat and light.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  04.04

Topic:  Cellular respiration

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.06 Describe the general metabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

26) The anaerobic reactions of cellular respiration take place in the

1. A) cytoplasm.
2. B) mitochondria.
3. C) nucleus.
4. D) ribosomes.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  04.04

Topic:  Cellular respiration

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.06 Describe the general metabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

27) Which of the following substances increases in abundance during cellular respiration?

1. A) Oxygen
2. B) Glucose
3. C) ATP
4. D) Glycogen

 

Answer:  C

Section:  04.04

Topic:  Cellular respiration

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.06 Describe the general metabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism.; 04.05 Explain how the reactions of cellular respiration release chemical energy.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

28) Name the molecule that is common to carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways and connects these two pathways metabolically.

1. A) Glucose
2. B) Pyruvic acid
3. C) Acetyl coenzyme A
4. D) Glycogen

 

Answer:  C

Section:  04.04

Topic:  Cellular respiration

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.06 Describe the general metabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

29) If a cell was unable to produce pyruvate, this cell may have a mutation in an enzyme in which process?

1. A) Glycolysis
2. B) The citric acid cycle
3. C) Gluconeogenesis
4. D) The electron transport system

 

Answer:  A

Section:  04.04

Topic:  Cellular respiration

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.06 Describe the general metabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism.; 04.05 Explain how the reactions of cellular respiration release chemical energy.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

30) In the citric acid cycle,

1. A) carbon dioxide is released.
2. B) oxygen atoms are released.
3. C) 4 ATP molecules are formed.
4. D) hydrochloric acid is released.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  04.04

Topic:  Cellular respiration

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.06 Describe the general metabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism.; 04.05 Explain how the reactions of cellular respiration release chemical energy.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

31) In cellular respiration,

1. A) mitochondria release glucose molecules.
2. B) energy is released from molecules and is transferred to other molecules.
3. C) cells breathe, or take in, O2and give off CO2.
4. D) energy is absorbed from glucose and is transferred to CO2.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  04.04

Topic:  Cellular respiration

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.06 Describe the general metabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism.; 04.05 Explain how the reactions of cellular respiration release chemical energy.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

32) The anaerobic reactions of cellular respiration occur in the ________ , whereas the aerobic reactions of cellular respiration occur in the  ________.

1. A) mitochondria with O2required; cytoplasm with O2required
2. B) cytoplasm without O2required; cytoplasm with CO2required
3. C) mitochondria without O2required; mitochondria with O2required
4. D) cytoplasm without O2required; mitochondria with O2required

 

Answer:  D

Section:  04.04

Topic:  Cellular respiration

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.06 Describe the general metabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism.; 04.05 Explain how the reactions of cellular respiration release chemical energy.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

33) Anaerobic reactions of cellular respiration

1. A) break down glucose into 2 pyruvic acid molecules.
2. B) occur in the absence of oxygen.
3. C) transfer energy to ATP molecules.
4. D) all of the answer choices are correct.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  04.04

Topic:  Cellular respiration

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.06 Describe the general metabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism.; 04.05 Explain how the reactions of cellular respiration release chemical energy.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

34) A molecule that is a storage form of carbohydrate is

1. A) glycogen.
2. B) glycerol.
3. C) DNA.
4. D) an amino acid.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  04.04

Topic:  Cellular respiration

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.06 Describe the general metabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism.; 04.05 Explain how the reactions of cellular respiration release chemical energy.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

35) Which choice lists structures in order of increasing size?

1. A) nitrogenous base – nucleotide – gene – chromosome – genome
2. B) nitrogenous base – nucleotide – gene – genome – chromosome
3. C) genome – nucleus – chromosome – nucleotide – gene
4. D) cell – organelle – tissue – organ

 

Answer:  A

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Organic compounds; Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.10 Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

36) Which of the following is true?

1. A) The genome consists of entirely protein-encoding genes.
2. B) An amino acid encodes a gene.
3. C) DNA has five types of nucleotide bases.
4. D) Much of the genome does not encode proteins.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.10 Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.; 04.07 Describe how DNA molecules store genetic information.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

37) If one strand of DNA has the sequence TCAGGCTATTCCCG, then the complementary sequence of the other strand is

1. A) AGUCCGAUAAGGGC.
2. B) AGTCCGATAAGGGC.
3. C) TCAGGCTATTCCCG.
4. D) UCAGGCUAUUCCCG.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA; DNA replication and the cell cycle

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.07 Describe how DNA molecules store genetic information.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

38) DNA replication occurs

1. A) when a cell requires energy.
2. B) outside of the nucleus.
3. C) during interphase of the cell cycle.
4. D) during mitosis.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  04.05

Topic:  DNA replication and the cell cycle

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.08 Describe how DNA molecules are replicated.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

39) During DNA replication,

1. A) tRNAs bring specific amino acids to an mRNA molecule.
2. B) two single strands of DNA come together, restoring complementary base pairing.
3. C) amino acids are joined.
4. D) the DNA double helix comes apart, and new nucleotides are brought in, forming two double helices.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  04.05

Topic:  DNA replication and the cell cycle

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.08 Describe how DNA molecules are replicated.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

40) How many codons specify the twenty types of amino acids?

1. A) 61
2. B) 23
3. C) 46
4. D) 3

 

Answer:  A

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA; Protein synthesis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.09 Explain how protein synthesis relies on genetic information.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

41) The genetic code is

1. A) the correspondence between a sequence of three DNA nucleotides and a specific amino acid.
2. B) the correspondence between a DNA nucleotide and an RNA nucleotide.
3. C) the correspondence between a gene and a genome.
4. D) the correspondence between a specific amino acid and a specific gene.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA; Protein synthesis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.07 Describe how DNA molecules store genetic information.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

42) Which of the following is not true regarding RNA?

1. A) It is transcribed in the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm.
2. B) It includes ribose, a 5-carbon sugar.
3. C) It is double-stranded.
4. D) It has cytosine as one of its four nitrogenous bases.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.09 Explain how protein synthesis relies on genetic information.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

43) Which of the nitrogenous bases is part of DNA, but not RNA?

1. A) Uracil
2. B) Thymine
3. C) Guanine
4. D) Cytosine

 

Answer:  B

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.10 Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

44) If you were to isolate a molecule containing uracil, all of the following are most likely true EXCEPT

1. A) it contains codons that represent amino acids.
2. B) it is single stranded.
3. C) it also contains guanine.
4. D) it contains deoxyribose sugar.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.10 Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

45) A part of a gene that is a DNA sequence 333 nucleotides long encodes ________ amino acids.

1. A) 333
2. B) 111
3. C) 999
4. D) 444

 

Answer:  B

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.10 Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.; 04.07 Describe how DNA molecules store genetic information.; 04.09 Explain how protein synthesis relies on genetic information.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

46) The codon that will signal where to begin making a polypeptide is ________.

1. A) TAC
2. B) AGG
3. C) AUG
4. D) TTA

 

Answer:  C

Section:  04.05

Topic:  DNA replication and the cell cycle

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.09 Explain how protein synthesis relies on genetic information.; 04.11 List the steps of protein synthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

47) Copying DNA information into an mRNA molecule is called

1. A) translation.
2. B) synthesis.
3. C) replication.
4. D) transcription.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Protein synthesis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.11 List the steps of protein synthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

48) Transcription and translation differ in that

1. A) transcription produces DNA and translation produces RNA.
2. B) transcription produces RNA and translation produces DNA.
3. C) transcription produces protein and translation produces RNA.
4. D) transcription produces RNA and translation produces protein.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Protein synthesis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.11 List the steps of protein synthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

49) A peptide bond forms between

1. A) a tRNA and an mRNA.
2. B) adjacent amino acids.
3. C) an mRNA and an rRNA.
4. D) a gene and a protein.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Protein synthesis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.11 List the steps of protein synthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

50) Which DNA sequence can encode the amino acid sequence ile-asp-ser-cys-his-tyr?

1. A) TAGCTGTCAACAGTGATA
2. B) TAACTGTCGACGGTGATG
3. C) TAACTAAGTACGGTGATG
4. D) All of the answer choices are correct

 

Answer:  C

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Protein synthesis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.07 Describe how DNA molecules store genetic information.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

51) If an E. coli bacterium were to have a protein with the correct amino acid sequence, but not the correct shape, which of the following is a logical explanation for what could be wrong?

1. A) Peptide bonds were not able to form between the amino acids.
2. B) The shape-coding region of the DNA sequence related to this protein is mutated.
3. C) The chaperone protein associated with protein folding is not functional.
4. D) An error in transcription occurred.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Protein synthesis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.11 List the steps of protein synthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

52) In what molecule are codons found?

1. A) mRNA
2. B) tRNA
3. C) rRNA
4. D) Proteins.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Protein synthesis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.09 Explain how protein synthesis relies on genetic information.; 04.11 List the steps of protein synthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

53) Synthesis of a protein stops when

1. A) any of three specific anticodons are encountered in the mRNA.
2. B) there is no more DNA.
3. C) any of three “stop” codons are encountered in the mRNA.
4. D) the ribosome becomes fatigued.

 

Answer:  C

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Protein synthesis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.11 List the steps of protein synthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

54) A DNA sequence AACGGTGCACCACGG encodes an mRNA of sequence

1. A) AACGGUGCACCACGG.
2. B) UUGCCACGUGGUGCC.
3. C) AACGGTGCACCACGG.
4. D) UUCGGAGCUCCUCGG.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Protein synthesis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.07 Describe how DNA molecules store genetic information.; 04.11 List the steps of protein synthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

55) A DNA sequence AACGGTGCACCACGG encodes a portion of a protein of sequence

1. A) ile-gly-ala-pro-arg.
2. B) leu-pro-arg-gly-ala.
3. C) ala-gly-arg-pro-leu.
4. D) arg-pro-ala-gly-ile.

 

Answer:  B

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Protein synthesis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.07 Describe how DNA molecules store genetic information.; 04.11 List the steps of protein synthesis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

56) If you were to sequence the genome of two individuals and found that their DNA is 99.9% similar, what inference could you make?

1. A) These two individuals must be siblings.
2. B) These individuals are likely identical twins.
3. C) These individuals must be from different species.
4. D) No inferences could be made because 99.9% of DNA is shared between all humans.

 

Answer:  D

Section:  04.06

Topic:  Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.07 Describe how DNA molecules store genetic information.; 04.12 Describe how genetic information can be altered.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

57) A mutation is

1. A) a change in a DNA sequence in less than 1% of a population that affects anatomy and/or physiology.
2. B) a common genetic variant.
3. C) always beneficial to health.
4. D) always harmful to health.

 

Answer:  A

Section:  04.06

Topic:  Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA; Genes and their action

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.12 Describe how genetic information can be altered.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation