Human Biology 16 Edition By Sylvia Mader – Test Bank

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Human Biology 16 Edition By Sylvia Mader – Test Bank

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Chapter 2   Chemistry of Life

 

1) The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of that element is called a(n)

1. A) isotope.
2. B) nucleus.
3. C) atom.
4. D) molecular bond.
5. E) neutrino.

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  An atom is the smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of that element.

Section:  02.01

Topic:  Atomic Structure

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.01.01 Distinguish between atoms and elements.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

2) In an atom, the number of protons always equals the number of

1. A) electrons.
2. B) neutrons.
3. C) neutrons and protons.
4. D) quarks.
5. E) neutrinos.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  In an atom, the number of protons always equals the number of electrons.

Section:  02.01

Topic:  Atomic Structure

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.01.02 Describe the structure of an atom.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

3) How many elements occur naturally?

1. A) 112
2. B) 92
3. C) 64
4. D) 32
5. E) 6

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  There are 92 naturally occurring elements.

Section:  02.01

Topic:  Atomic Structure

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.01.01 Distinguish between atoms and elements.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

4) The atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of

1. A) protons.
2. B) neutrons.
3. C) electrons.
4. D) protons and neutrons.
5. E) protons and electrons.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of protons.

Section:  02.01

Topic:  Atomic Structure

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.01.02 Describe the structure of an atom.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

5) An element cannot be broken down by chemical means.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  An element is one of the basic building blocks of matter and cannot be broken down by chemical means.

Section:  02.01

Topic:  Atomic Structure

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.01.01 Distinguish between atoms and elements.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

6) Why is He positioned above Ne in the periodic table?

1. A) They both have the same atomic mass.
2. B) They both have the same number of electrons in their outermost orbital.
3. C) They both have a full outermost orbital.
4. D) They both have the same atomic number.
5. E) They both have the same number of protons in their nuclei.

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  He has a full outermost orbital with 2 electrons. Ne has a full outermost orbital with 8 electrons.

Section:  02.01

Topic:  Atomic Structure

Bloom’s:  5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome:  02.01.02 Describe the structure of an atom.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

7) Be has an atomic number of 4 and an atomic mass of 9. How many protons does it have?

1. A) 4
2. B) 5
3. C) 9
4. D) 13
5. E) 7

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The atomic number gives the number of protons, so Be has 4 protons.

Section:  02.01

Topic:  Atomic Structure

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.01.02 Describe the structure of an atom.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

8) What is the symbol for sodium?

1. A) Na
2. B) S
3. C) So
4. D) N
5. E) Dm

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Na (short for natrium) is the symbol for sodium.

Section:  02.01

Topic:  Atomic Structure

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.01.01 Distinguish between atoms and elements.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

9) Which of the following elements will have more than two electrons and have a full outer orbital?

1. A) He
2. B) Ne
3. C) C
4. D) N
5. E) O

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  He contains 2 electrons and Ne contains 10 electrons. Both have their outermost orbital filled.

Section:  02.01

Topic:  Atomic Structure

Bloom’s:  4. Analyze

Learning Outcome:  02.01.02 Describe the structure of an atom.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

10) Isotopes of an element differ due to the number of

1. A) protons.
2. B) neutrons.
3. C) electrons.
4. D) both protons and electrons.
5. E) neutrinos.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Isotopes of an element differ due to the number of neutrons.

Section:  02.01

Topic:  Atomic Structure

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.01.03 Define an isotope and summarize its application in both medicine and biology.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

11) Carbon dating is a common method employed in dating certain kinds of fossils. It is based on the radioactive decay of an isotope of carbon (C14). Referring to the atomic number of carbon attained from the periodic table, how many neutrons does C14 have?

1. A) 2
2. B) 4
3. C) 8
4. D) 12
5. E) 14

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Carbon 14 (C14) possesses two more neutrons than carbon 12 (C12), for a total of 8 neutrons.

Section:  02.01

Topic:  Atomic Structure

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02.01.03 Define an isotope and summarize its application in both medicine and biology.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

12) What substance is used in medicine to produce various images of organs and tissues?

1. A) a mixture
2. B) a tracer
3. C) an emulsion
4. D) a colloid
5. E) a sensor

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Tracers, such as iodine 131, can be used in medicine to produce various images of organs and tissues.

Section:  02.01

Topic:  Atomic Structure

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.01.03 Define an isotope and summarize its application in both medicine and biology.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

13) Radiation can have both positive and negative impact on humans.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  Radiation can be used beneficially but can also harm.

Section:  02.01

Topic:  Atomic Structure

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.01.03 Define an isotope and summarize its application in both medicine and biology.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

14) Two or more atoms joined together through the sharing of electrons are called a(n)

1. A) atomic unit.
2. B) molecule.
3. C) compound.
4. D) isotope.
5. E) ion.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Two or more atoms of the same type that combine are defined as a molecule.

Section:  02.01

Topic:  Chemical Bonds

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.01.04 Distinguish between ionic and covalent bonds.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

15) Ca3(PO4)2 represents a(n)

1. A) element.
2. B) mixture.
3. C) compound.
4. D) isotope.
5. E) atom.

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Ca3(PO4)2 represents a compound because it is a combination of different atoms.

Section:  02.01

Topic:  Chemical Bonds

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.01.04 Distinguish between ionic and covalent bonds.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

16) Atoms that share electrons have what type of bonds?

1. A) covalent
2. B) neutral
3. C) hydrogen
4. D) colloidal
5. E) ionic

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Atoms that share electrons have covalent bonds.

Section:  02.01

Topic:  Chemical Bonds

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.01.04 Distinguish between ionic and covalent bonds.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

17) CaCl2 is a salt that forms as the result of what type of bond?

1. A) covalent
2. B) hydrogen
3. C) polar
4. D) nonpolar
5. E) ionic

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  CaCl2 is a salt that forms as the result of an ionic bond.

Section:  02.01

Topic:  Chemical Bonds

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.01.04 Distinguish between ionic and covalent bonds.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

18) Water makes up 60–70% of total body weight.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  Water is the most abundant molecule in living organisms.

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Properties of Water

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.02.01 Describe the properties of water.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

19) Which type of bond is responsible for holding two water molecules together, creating the properties of water?

1. A) hydrogen
2. B) covalent
3. C) ionic
4. D) polar
5. E) double covalent

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Hydrogen bonds are the attraction of the hydrogen of one water molecule to the oxygen of a second water molecule. Due to this type of bond, the properties of water are established.

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Chemical Bonds

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.02.02 Explain the role of hydrogen bonds in the properties of water.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

20) Hydrogen bonds

1. A) result from the loss of neutrons by an atom.
2. B) result in the formation of salts.
3. C) involve the loss and gain of electrons.
4. D) involve the sharing of electrons.
5. E) are relatively weak and can be broken rather easily.

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  Hydrogen bonds are relatively weak and can be broken rather easily.

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Chemical Bonds

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.02.01 Describe the properties of water.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

21) The reason water is polar is because

1. A) in polar molecules atoms share electrons evenly.
2. B) the electrons spend more time circling the oxygen atom than the hydrogens.
3. C) hydrophilic molecules interact with water.
4. D) hydrophobic molecules do not interact with water.
5. E) there is a transfer of electrons from the hydrogen to the oxygen.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Because the oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen, the electron spends more time circling the oxygen; therefore, water is polar.

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Properties of Water

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.02.01 Describe the properties of water.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

22) Which of the following characteristics of water is most responsible for the sinking of the Titanic?

1. A) Water is liquid at room temperature.
2. B) Water has a high heat of vaporization.
3. C) The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly.
4. D) Frozen water is less dense than liquid water.
5. E) Water molecules are cohesive.

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Since frozen water is less dense than liquid water, ice, including icebergs, will float in liquid water.

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Properties of Water

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.02.01 Describe the properties of water.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

23) On a warm day in April, Tina jumped into the swimming pool. To her surprise, the water was really cold. Which property of water did she discover?

1. A) Water molecules are cohesive.
2. B) The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly.
3. C) Water possesses hydrogen bonds.
4. D) Water is a polar molecule.
5. E) Frozen water is less dense than liquid water.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Water is a good temperature buffer because a great deal of energy is required to raise the temperature of water.

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Properties of Water

Bloom’s:  4. Analyze

Learning Outcome:  02.02.01 Describe the properties of water.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

24) William noticed water mysteriously climbing up a capillary tube. This is an example of which property of water?

1. A) Frozen water is less dense than liquid water.
2. B) The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly.
3. C) Water molecules are cohesive.
4. D) Water has a high heat of vaporization.
5. E) Water is a solvent.

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Water climbing up a capillary tube is an example of the cohesive nature of water.

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Properties of Water

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02.02.01 Describe the properties of water.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

25) In an acidic solution, the number of H+ is

1. A) less than the number of OH-.
2. B) greater than the number of OH-.
3. C) equal to the number of OH-.
4. D) 3 times less than the number of OH-.
5. E) 10 times less than the number of OH-.

 

Answer:B

Explanation:  In an acidic solution, the number of H+ is greater than the number of OH-.

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Acids and Bases

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.02.03 Summarize the structure of the pH scale and the importance of buffers to biological systems.

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26) A solution with a pH of 7 has 10 times as many H+ as a pH of 6.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  A solution with a pH of 7 actually has 10 times fewer H+ than a pH of 6.

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Acids and Bases

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.02.03 Summarize the structure of the pH scale and the importance of buffers to biological systems.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

27) A solution containing 0.00001 moles of H+ has a pH of

3. A) 3.
4. B) 5.
5. C) 7.
6. D) 9.
7. E) 11.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  This (0.00001 moles) is the same as 1 x 10-5 moles, so the pH would be 5.

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Acids and Bases

Bloom’s:  4. Analyze

Learning Outcome:  02.02.03 Summarize the structure of the pH scale and the importance of buffers to biological systems.

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28) The presence of a buffer in our blood helps maintain homeostasis.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  A buffer maintains the pH within a normal range, which is required for homeostasis.

Section:  02.02

Topic:  Acids and Bases

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02.02.03 Summarize the structure of the pH scale and the importance of buffers to biological systems.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

29) Joining small molecules (monomers) together to form longer chains (polymers) requires a process called

1. A) a hydrolysis reaction.
2. B) a dehydration reaction.
3. C) monomerization.
4. D) emulsification.
5. E) disassembly.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Polymerization of monomers into polymers requires a process called a dehydration reaction.

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Chemical Reactions

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.03.02 Describe the processes by which the organic molecules are assembled and disassembled.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

30) Which of the following is one of the four classes of organic molecules found in cells?

1. A) vitamins
2. B) lipids
3. C) nutrients
4. D) minerals
5. E) nuclei

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Vitamins are not one of the four categories of organic molecules unique to cells.

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Chemical Reactions

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.03.01 List the four classes of organic molecules found in cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

31) In biology, calling something organic means that it was grown without the use of any type of herbicide.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  In biology, organic refers to molecules that have carbon and hydrogen in them. This is usually associated with living organisms.

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Chemical Reactions

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.03.01 List the four classes of organic molecules found in cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

32) NaCl is not an organic molecule.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  Organic molecules contain carbon and hydrogen and NaCl does not.

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Chemical Reactions

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.03.01 List the four classes of organic molecules found in cells.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

33) After lunch, our digestive system will use the process of hydrolysis to break the food down into smaller subunits.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  Hydrolysis is the process of breaking down food into smaller subunits.

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Chemical Reactions

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.03.02 Describe the processes by which the organic molecules are assembled and disassembled.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

34) A hydrolysis reaction involves the loss of water.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  A hydrolysis reaction involves the addition of water.

Section:  02.03

Topic:  Chemical Reactions

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.03.02 Describe the processes by which the organic molecules are assembled and disassembled.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

35) Which grouping of elements is found in carbohydrates?

1. A) C – H – O
2. B) C – H – P
3. C) H – O – Cl
4. D) N – S – O
5. E) Ca – H – O

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) are the primary elements that make up the basic structure of carbohydrates.

Section:  02.04

Topic:  Carbohydrates

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.04.01 Summarize the basic chemical properties of a carbohydrate.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

36) Sugars with three to seven carbon atoms are called

1. A) monosaccharides.
2. B) disaccharides.
3. C) trisaccharides.
4. D) polysaccharides.
5. E) steroids.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Sugars with only three to seven carbon atoms are called simple sugars or monosaccharides.

Section:  02.04

Topic:  Carbohydrates

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.04.01 Summarize the basic chemical properties of a carbohydrate.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

37) A potato stores a reserve of energy in its underground tuber in the form of

1. A) glycogen.
2. B) fat.
3. C) protein.
4. D) vitamins.
5. E) starch.

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  Starch is a common energy storage molecule for potatoes and plants in general.

Section:  02.04

Topic:  Carbohydrates

Bloom’s:  5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome:  02.04.03 Compare the structures of simple and complex carbohydrates.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

38) Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

1. A) glucose
2. B) sucrose
3. C) lactose
4. D) maltose
5. E) None of these is a monosaccharide.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  All of these are single sugars except maltose, which is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules.

Section:  02.04

Topic:  Carbohydrates

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.04.03 Compare the structures of simple and complex carbohydrates.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

39) Which polysaccharide is stored as an energy source in the body of animals?

1. A) glycogen
2. B) glucose
3. C) cellulose
4. D) starch
5. E) chitin

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Glycogen is a polysaccharide that is stored in the muscle tissue and blood of animals. Glucose is a monosaccharide that can be found in both plants and animals. Cellulose and starch are both polysaccharides that are found in members of kingdom Plantae. Chitin is a polysaccharide found in fungi and the exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans. It is not stored as an energy source.

Section:  02.04

Topic:  Carbohydrates

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.04.03 Compare the structures of simple and complex carbohydrates.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

40) What passes through the digestive tract as fiber or roughage?

1. A) maltose
2. B) glucose
3. C) glycogen
4. D) starch
5. E) cellulose

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  Cellulose passes through the digestive tract as fiber or roughage because we are unable to break it down.

Section:  02.04

Topic:  Carbohydrates

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.04.04 Explain the importance of fiber in the diet.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

41) Which of the following foods would be a good source of fiber?

1. A) peaches
2. B) whole-wheat bread
3. C) peanuts
4. D) bran cereal
5. E) All of the answer choices are good sources of fiber.

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  All of these are good sources of fiber. Fruits are a type of soluble fiber. Bran, nuts, seeds, and whole-wheat foods are forms of insoluble fiber.

Section:  02.04

Topic:  Carbohydrates

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.04.04 Explain the importance of fiber in the diet.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

42) Which polysaccharide is branched the most?

1. A) cellulose
2. B) starch
3. C) glycogen
4. D) glucose
5. E) fructose

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Glycogen has more side chains than the others. Glucose and fructose are monosaccharides and do not have side branches.

Section:  02.04

Topic:  Carbohydrates

Bloom’s:  4. Analyze

Learning Outcome:  02.04.03 Compare the structures of simple and complex carbohydrates.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

43) Which polysaccharide is consumed as a source of fiber?

1. A) cellulose
2. B) glycogen
3. C) glucose
4. D) chitin
5. E) starch

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Cellulose is the main polysaccharide that functions as a source of fiber in our diets. Glycogen is a polysaccharide, but it acts as a backup source of energy for our body. Glucose is a monosaccharide that acts as a quick source of energy for our body. Chitin is a polysaccharide, but it is not a source of fiber for our body. Starch is a polysaccharide, but it is digested into glucose and used as a source of energy.

Section:  02.04

Topic:  Carbohydrates

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02.04.04 Explain the importance of fiber in the diet.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

44) The main function of carbohydrates is for long-term energy storage.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  The main function of carbohydrates is for quick and short-term energy storage.

Section:  02.04

Topic:  Carbohydrates

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.04.02 State the roles of carbohydrates in human physiology.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

45) Our body is capable of converting starch into glycogen.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  We eat starchy foods, and the glucose enters the bloodstream. The liver then can store this glucose as glycogen.

Section:  02.04

Topic:  Carbohydrates

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02.04.02 State the roles of carbohydrates in human physiology.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

46) Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are alike in that they

1. A) are all made of glucose.
2. B) contain the same number of side chains.
3. C) have the same types of bonds between the monomer units.
4. D) are all found in animals.
5. E) can all be digested by our bodies.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are all made of glucose molecules.

Section:  02.04

Topic:  Carbohydrates

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.04.03 Compare the structures of simple and complex carbohydrates.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

47) A fat contains how many fatty acids?

1. A) 1
2. B) 2
3. C) 3
4. D) 4
5. E) 5

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  A fat, or triglyceride, contains three fatty acids.

Section:  02.05

Topic:  Lipids

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.05.01 Compare the structures of fats, phospholipids, and steroids.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

48) How are fats, phospholipids, and steroids alike?

1. A) They are all solid at room temperature.
2. B) They each contain a polar phosphate group.
3. C) They each contain only one fatty acid.
4. D) They do not dissolve in water.
5. E) They all contain at least one carbon ring.

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  All lipids are insoluble in water.

Section:  02.05

Topic:  Lipids

Bloom’s:  4. Analyze

Learning Outcome:  02.05.01 Compare the structures of fats, phospholipids, and steroids.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

49) A fatty acid that contains only single bonds between the carbon atoms is considered

1. A) saturated.
2. B) unsaturated.
3. C) trans unsaturated.
4. D) a cholesterol.
5. E) a steroid.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  If all the carbon atoms are connected by single bonds, the fatty acid is considered saturated.

Section:  02.05

Topic:  Lipids

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.05.01 Compare the structures of fats, phospholipids, and steroids.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

50) Fats are usually of animal origin, while oils are usually of plant origin.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  Fats, such as lard and butter, are of animal origin, while oils, such as corn oil and soybean oil, are of plant origin.

Section:  02.05

Topic:  Lipids

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.05.01 Compare the structures of fats, phospholipids, and steroids.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

51) The sex hormones belong to which category of lipids?

1. A) steroids
2. B) fats
3. C) oils
4. D) triglycerides
5. E) phospholipids

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The sex hormones are steroids.

Section:  02.05

Topic:  Lipids

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.05.02 State the function of each class of lipids.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

52) The membranes of cells are composed primarily of

1. A) phospholipids.
2. B) fats.
3. C) oils.
4. D) steroids.
5. E) triglycerides.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Membranes are bilayers of phospholipids.

Section:  02.05

Topic:  Lipids

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  02.05.02 State the function of each class of lipids.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

53) Fats and oils function better than other biological molecules as energy-storage molecules because of the carbon they contain.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  Fats and oils function well as energy-storage molecules because they contain more energy per gram than other biological molecules. All organic molecules contain carbon.

Section:  02.05

Topic:  Lipids

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  02.05.02 State the function of each class of lipids.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

54) The monomer unit of a protein is

1. A) fatty acids.
2. B) amino acids.
3. C) monosaccharides.
4. D) polysaccharides.
5. E) nucleic acids.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Proteins are composed of amino acids.

Section:  02.06

Topic:  Proteins

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  02.06.02 Explain how amino acids are combined to form proteins.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

Human Biology, 16e (Mader)

Chapter 4   Organization and Regulation of Body Systems

 

1) Specialized cells that work together to perform a common function are called

1. A) membranes.
2. B) organs.
3. C) tissues.
4. D) glands.
5. E) organisms.

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Tissues are specialized cells that together perform a common function.

Section:  04.01

Topic:  Levels of Biological Organization

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.01.01 Understand where tissues relate in the biological levels of organization.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

2) Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities?

1. A) epithelial tissue
2. B) connective tissue
3. C) muscular tissue
4. D) nervous tissue
5. E) vascular tissue

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces and lines cavities.

Section:  04.01

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.01.02 Describe the four types of classes and provide a general function for each.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

3) Which type of epithelial tissue lines the air sacs and permits the exchange of gases?

1. A) squamous epithelium
2. B) columnar epithelium
3. C) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
4. D) cuboidal epithelium
5. E) stratified cuboidal epithelium

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Squamous epithelium lines the air sacs and permits the exchange of gases.

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.05.02 Distinguish between the different forms of epithelial tissue with regard to location and function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

4) Jacob looked up and saw a car. This information was relayed to him via what type of tissue?

1. A) epithelial
2. B) connective
3. C) muscular
4. D) nervous
5. E) vascular

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Nervous tissue receives stimuli and conducts nerve impulses.

Section:  04.01

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.01.02 Describe the four types of classes and provide a general function for each.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

5) Describe how you can tell the difference between simple squamous epithelium and simple cuboidal epithelium.

 

Answer:  Simple squamous epithelium is composed of flattened cells that form a permeable barrier that allows the exchange of substances.

Simple cuboidal epithelium is composed of a single layer of cube-shaped cells that are often involved in the absorption of substances.

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  6. Create

Learning Outcome:  04.05.02 Distinguish between the different forms of epithelial tissue with regard to location and function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

6) Which of the following cells have the greatest probability of developing into cancer?

1. A) brain cells
2. B) neurons
3. C) epithelial cells
4. D) muscle cells
5. E) liver cells

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Cells that divide often, such as epithelial cells and blood cells, have a greater probability of developing into cancer than other cells.

Section:  04.01

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  4. Analyze

Learning Outcome:  04.01.02 Describe the four types of classes and provide a general function for each.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

7) List the functions of, and the organs associated with, the urinary system.

 

Answer:  The urinary system functions to excrete metabolic wastes and to provide pH and fluid homeostasis. Organs associated with the urinary system include the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder.

Section:  04.07

Topic:  Human Urinary System

Bloom’s:  6. Create

Learning Outcome:  04.07.01 Summarize the function of each organ system in the human body.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

8) Bone cancer and other cancers of connective tissue are called

1. A) carcinomas.
2. B) sarcomas.
3. C) leukemias.
4. D) lymphomas.
5. E) blastomas.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Bone cancer and other cancers of connective tissue are called sarcomas.

Section:  04.01

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.01.02 Describe the four types of classes and provide a general function for each.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

9) List and describe the three types of cartilage.

 

Answer:  Hyaline cartilage contains collagen fibers. The matrix has a glossy, translucent appearance. It is found in the nose and at the ends of long bones and ribs.

Elastic cartilage has more elastic fibers and is flexible. It is found in the framework of the outer ear.

Fibrocartilage has a matrix containing strong collagen fibers. It is found in areas of high pressure like the knee joint and the disks between the vertebrae in the backbone.

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  6. Create

Learning Outcome:  04.02.02 Compare the structure and function of bone and cartilage.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

10) The three major components of connective tissue are

1. A) cells, ground substance, and carbohydrate fibers.
2. B) cells, fat, and protein fibers.
3. C) cells, ground substance, and protein fibers.
4. D) cells, ground substance, and enzymes.
5. E) ground substance, enzymes, and protein fibers.

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  The three components of connective tissue are cells, ground substance, and protein fibers.

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.02.01 Describe the primary types of connective tissue and provide a function for each.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

11) What protein provides flexibility and strength to connective tissues?

1. A) actin
2. B) collagen
3. C) keratin
4. D) fibrinogen
5. E) myosin

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  The protein collagen provides flexibility and strength to connective tissues.

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.02.01 Describe the primary types of connective tissue and provide a function for each.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

12) It is thought that President Abraham Lincoln suffered from a genetic disorder known as Marfan syndrome. Which types of fibers are affected in this disorder?

1. A) elastic fibers
2. B) reticular fibers
3. C) collagen fibers
4. D) hyaline fibers
5. E) ground fibers

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  In Marfan syndrome, there are mutations in the fibrillin gene, which produces a component of elastic fibers.

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.02.01 Describe the primary types of connective tissue and provide a function for each.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

13) What are the two forms of fibrous connective tissue?

1. A) bone and blood
2. B) fibroblasts and matrix
3. C) hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage
4. D) adipose and cartilage
5. E) loose fibrous and dense fibrous

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  Loose fibrous and dense fibrous tissues are the two forms of fibrous connective tissue.

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.02.01 Describe the primary types of connective tissue and provide a function for each.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

14) Alison was looking at a tissue under a microscope. It had cells within lacunae, and the matrix was glassy-looking. What type of tissue was she looking at?

1. A) blood
2. B) bone
3. C) cartilage
4. D) adipose
5. E) areolar

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Both bone and cartilage have cells in lacunae. Hyaline cartilage has a glassy-looking matrix.

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  4. Analyze

Learning Outcome:  04.02.02 Compare the structure and function of bone and cartilage.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

15) Todd’s father slipped a disk in his back. Dr. Foster explained to the family that the intervertebral disks are composed of

1. A) elastic cartilage.
2. B) hyaline cartilage.
3. C) composite cartilage.
4. D) fibrocartilage.
5. E) bone.

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  The intervertebral disks are composed of fibrocartilage.

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.02.02 Compare the structure and function of bone and cartilage.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

16) What characteristic can be used to differentiate between bone and cartilage?

1. A) whether the matrix is solid or liquid
2. B) the presence or absence of cells
3. C) the flexibility of the matrix
4. D) the presence of fibers in the matrix
5. E) whether the tissue is fibrous or specialized connective

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  In cartilage the matrix is flexible, while in bone the matrix is rigid.

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.02.02 Compare the structure and function of bone and cartilage.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

17) The cells in bone tissue are found scattered throughout the matrix and are not connected to each other.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  Although bone cells are scattered throughout the matrix, they are still connected to each other and to the central canal.

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.02.02 Compare the structure and function of bone and cartilage.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

18) What types of cells carry oxygen in the blood?

1. A) platelets
2. B) serum
3. C) plasma
4. D) white blood cells
5. E) red blood cells

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and carry oxygen in the blood.

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.02.03 Differentiate between blood and lymph.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

19) There is no matrix in blood because it is a liquid.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  Blood is a fluid connective tissue and has a liquid matrix.

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  4. Analyze

Learning Outcome:  04.02.01 Describe the primary types of connective tissue and provide a function for each.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

20) Which types of blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen?

1. A) red blood cells
2. B) platelets
3. C) leukocytes
4. D) plasma
5. E) thrombocytes

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen via the hemoglobin protein. Platelets are fragments of blood cells that assist in plugging a wound. Thrombocytes are another name for platelets. Leukocytes are blood cells that assist in protecting the body from infection. Plasma is the fluid medium in which the blood cells are contained.

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.02.03 Differentiate between blood and lymph.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

21) The best description of the two components of blood is

1. A) red blood cells and plasma.
2. B) platelets and plasma.
3. C) white blood cells and red blood cells.
4. D) formed elements and plasma.
5. E) formed elements and platelets.

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Blood is composed of formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) and plasma.

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.02.03 Differentiate between blood and lymph.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

22) Lymph contains no cells.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  Lymph contains white blood cells.

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Human Lymphatic System

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.02.03 Differentiate between blood and lymph.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

23) Which component of blood would increase as a result of an infection?

1. A) platelets
2. B) erythrocytes
3. C) leukocytes
4. D) plasma
5. E) serum

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Because leukocytes are involved in protecting the body, their numbers go up in the case of an infection.

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.02.03 Differentiate between blood and lymph.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

24) Lymphatic vessels serve to absorb fat molecules from the body’s

1. A) bile.
2. B) small intestine.
3. C) large intestine.
4. D) stomach.
5. E) blood.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Lymphatic vessels serve to absorb fat molecules from the small intestine.

Section:  04.02

Topic:  Human Lymphatic System

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.02.03 Differentiate between blood and lymph.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

25) While observing cardiac muscle under a microscope for the first time, Jennifer noticed lines running perpendicular to the direction of the muscle. These lines are called

1. A) perpendicular plates.
2. B) Volkmann canals.
3. C) Broca’s area.
4. D) Haversian canals.
5. E) intercalated disks.

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  Intercalated disks, where cardiac muscle cells are bound end to end, are exclusive to cardiac muscle.

Section:  04.03

Topic:  Muscular System

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.03.01 Distinguish among the three types of muscles with regard to location and function in the body.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

26) The stripes in skeletal muscle are due to the presence of

1. A) multiple nuclei per cell.
2. B) actin and myosin filaments.
3. C) intercalated disks.
4. D) the branching of cells.
5. E) tendons connecting the muscle to bone.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  The placement of actin and myosin filaments in skeletal muscle cells gives them a striated appearance.

Section:  04.03

Topic:  Muscular System

Bloom’s:  4. Analyze

Learning Outcome:  04.03.01 Distinguish among the three types of muscles with regard to location and function in the body.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

27) In turning a page of a book, you would mainly be using what type of tissue?

1. A) cardiac muscle
2. B) smooth muscle
3. C) skeletal muscle
4. D) adipose tissue
5. E) epithelial tissue

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  In turning a page of a book, you would mainly be using skeletal muscle.

Section:  04.03

Topic:  Muscular System

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.03.01 Distinguish among the three types of muscles with regard to location and function in the body.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

28) Smooth muscle in the bladder contracts to send urine into the urethra.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  Smooth muscle lines the bladder and is responsible for the ability to urinate.

Section:  04.03

Topic:  Muscular System

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.03.01 Distinguish among the three types of muscles with regard to location and function in the body.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

29) The specialized cells in the nervous system that serve to conduct a signal are known as

1. A) neuroglia.
2. B) neurons.
3. C) dendrocytes.
4. D) astrocytes.
5. E) Schwann cells.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Neurons are specialized cells that conduct a signal.

Section:  04.04

Topic:  Human Nervous System

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.04.01 Distinguish between neurons and neuroglia.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

30) What type of tissue receives sensory input, integrates data, and conducts impulses?

1. A) epithelial tissue
2. B) connective tissue
3. C) muscular tissue
4. D) nervous tissue
5. E) vascular tissue

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Nervous tissue receives sensory input, integrates data, and conducts impulses.

Section:  04.01

Topic:  Human Nervous System

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.01.02 Describe the four types of classes and provide a general function for each.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

31) When you put your hand on a hot stove, ________ receive signals from sensory receptors or other neurons and ________ conduct nerve impulses.

1. A) astrocytes; oligodendrocytes
2. B) axons; dendrites
3. C) astrocytes; dendrites
4. D) dendrites; axons
5. E) dendrites; astrocytes

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Dendrites receive signals from sensory receptors or other neurons and axons conduct nerve impulses.

Section:  04.04

Topic:  Human Nervous System

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.04.02 Describe the structure of a neuron.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

32) Which component of a neuron receives the signal from a sensory receptor?

1. A) dendrite
2. B) axon
3. C) cell body
4. D) nucleus
5. E) myelin sheath

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The dendrite receives the signal from a sensory neuron. The cell body processes the impulse and passes it to the axon. The axon sends the impulse away from the cell body. The nucleus contains the cell’s genetic material. The myelin sheath assists in conducting the impulse away from the cell body.

Section:  04.04

Topic:  Human Nervous System

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.04.02 Describe the structure of a neuron.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

33) Which type of neuroglia is found outside of the brain?

1. A) astrocytes
2. B) microglia
3. C) oligodendrocytes
4. D) Schwann cells
5. E) axons

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Outside of the brain, Schwann cells are the type of neuroglia that encircle long nerve fibers and form a myelin sheath.

Section:  04.04

Topic:  Human Nervous System

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.04.01 Distinguish between neurons and neuroglia.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

34) Schwann cells are a type of neuroglia located outside of the brain.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  Outside of the brain, Schwann cells are the type of neuroglia that encircle long nerve fibers and form a myelin sheath.

Section:  04.04

Topic:  Human Nervous System

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.04.01 Distinguish between neurons and neuroglia.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

35) Which two types of cells form myelin sheaths?

1. A) oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
2. B) microglia and astrocytes
3. C) astrocytes and oligodendrocytes
4. D) microglia and oligodendrocytes
5. E) Schwann cells and microglia

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheaths around fibers in the brain and spinal cord, while Schwann cells do so outside of the brain.

Section:  04.04

Topic:  Human Nervous System

Bloom’s:  4. Analyze

Learning Outcome:  04.04.02 Describe the structure of a neuron.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

36) In epithelial tissues, what serves to anchor the epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue?

1. A) ependymal cells
2. B) plasma membrane
3. C) synovial membrane
4. D) basement membrane
5. E) transitional membrane

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  In epithelial tissues, the basement membrane serves to anchor the epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue.

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.05.02 Distinguish between the different forms of epithelial tissue with regard to location and function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

37) What type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder and allows it to stretch?

1. A) pseudostratified epithelium
2. B) glandular epithelium
3. C) transitional epithelium
4. D) stratified epithelium
5. E) columnar epithelium

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Transitional epithelium forms the lining of the urinary bladder and allows it to stretch.

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Human Urinary System

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.05.02 Distinguish between the different forms of epithelial tissue with regard to location and function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

38) Gynecologists perform regular Pap smears for women. This procedure is important for early diagnosis and prevention of what type of cancer?

1. A) breast cancer
2. B) colon cancer
3. C) cervical cancer
4. D) pancreatic cancer
5. E) liver cancer

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  A Pap smear is an important procedure utilized to detect cervical cancer in women.

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.05.02 Distinguish between the different forms of epithelial tissue with regard to location and function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

39) One of the dangers of smoking is that it disrupts the defensive system that utilizes ciliary action of what type of specialized epithelium?

1. A) pseudostratified epithelium
2. B) glandular epithelium
3. C) cuboidal epithelium
4. D) stratified epithelium
5. E) columnar epithelium

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Pseudostratified columnar epithelium, which contains upward-beating cilia, is important in preventing harmful substances from entering the lungs.

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.05.02 Distinguish between the different forms of epithelial tissue with regard to location and function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

40) ________ glands are considered ductless glands, while ________ glands contain ducts.

1. A) Exocrine, endocrine
2. B) Transitional, exocrine
3. C) Transitional, endocrine
4. D) Endocrine, exocrine
5. E) Sudoriferous, transitional

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Endocrine glands are considered ductless glands, while exocrine glands contain ducts.

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.05.01 State the role of epithelial cells in the body.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

41) Moving from the outside of the body, the first type of tissue encountered is epithelial tissue.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines body cavities.

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  4. Analyze

Learning Outcome:  04.05.01 State the role of epithelial cells in the body.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

42) The epithelial lining of the small intestine is modified for what function?

1. A) absorption
2. B) secretion
3. C) excretion
4. D) removing debris
5. E) protection

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Because food is absorbed from the small intestine, the epithelial lining is modified for absorption.

Section:  04.05

Topic:  Human Digestive System

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.05.02 Distinguish between the different forms of epithelial tissue with regard to location and function.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

43) Which type of tissue makes up the epidermis?

1. A) stratified squamous epithelium
2. B) dense fibrous connective tissue
3. C) adipose tissue
4. D) elastic fibers
5. E) loose connective tissue

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The epidermis is made up of stratified squamous epithelium. The dermis is made up of dense fibrous connective tissue. Adipose and loose connective tissue are components of the subcutaneous layer. Elastic fibers are part of the dermis.

Section:  04.06

Topic:  Human Integumentary System

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.06.02 Describe the structure of the epidermis and dermis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

44) Stretch marks are the result of tears in the integumentary layer that contains fibrous connective tissue, elastin, and collagen. What is this region of the integumentary system called?

1. A) subcutaneous layer
2. B) Langerhans layer
3. C) epidermis
4. D) hypodermis
5. E) dermis

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  Tears in the dermis result in stretch marks.

Section:  04.06

Topic:  Human Integumentary System

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.06.02 Describe the structure of the epidermis and dermis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

45) Which structures produce goosebumps?

1. A) arrector pili muscles
2. B) hair follicles
3. C) sebaceous glands
4. D) sudoriferous glands
5. E) cuticles

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Contraction of the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles causes the hairs to “stand on end,” creating the appearance of goosebumps. Hair follicles are not responsible for goosebumps but instead are pulled upright. Sebaceous glands produce an oily substance called sebum. Sudoriferous glands produce sweat. The cuticle is a fold of skin that hides the nail root.

Section:  04.06

Topic:  Human Integumentary System

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.06.03 Identify the function of the accessory organs associated with the skin.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

46) Which of the following is mismatched to its location in the skin?

1. A) fat—subcutaneous layer
2. B) sense organs—dermis
3. C) keratinization—epidermis
4. D) nerves/blood vessels—epidermis
5. E) hair follicles—dermis

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  The epidermis is not associated with nerves or blood supply.

Section:  04.06

Topic:  Human Integumentary System

Bloom’s:  5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome:  04.06.03 Identify the function of the accessory organs associated with the skin.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

47) Which of the following is responsible for the waterproofing of skin?

1. A) mucus
2. B) keratin
3. C) hyaline cartilage
4. D) sweat
5. E) wax

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  The protein keratin is important in waterproofing the skin.

Section:  04.06

Topic:  Human Integumentary System

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.06.01 Explain the function of human skin.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

48) Which layer of the skin is responsible for tanning?

1. A) epidermis
2. B) dermis
3. C) subcutaneous layer
4. D) keratin
5. E) hypodermis

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Melanocytes are found in the epidermis, so tanning alters the number of melanocytes produced in that layer. The dermis does not contain melanocytes. The subcutaneous layer/hypodermis does not contain melanocytes either. Keratin is a structural protein that is responsible for waterproofing the skin.

Section:  04.06

Topic:  Human Integumentary System

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Learning Outcome:  04.06.02 Describe the structure of the epidermis and dermis.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

49) Which type of gland can become blocked and form a “blackhead”?

1. A) sudoriferous
2. B) sweat
3. C) endocrine
4. D) sebaceous
5. E) compound

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Blackheads result from failure of the sebaceous glands to discharge their substance known as sebum.

Section:  04.06

Topic:  Human Integumentary System

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.06.03 Identify the function of the accessory organs associated with the skin.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

50) Skin accounts for nearly 15% of the weight of an average human.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  Skin is the most conspicuous system in the body and accounts for nearly 15% of the weight of an average human.

Section:  04.06

Topic:  Human Integumentary System

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.06.01 Explain the function of human skin.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

 

 

51) Carla is having problems with infections. Which body system is failing?

1. A) immune system
2. B) integumentary system
3. C) cardiovascular system
4. D) urinary system
5. E) musculoskeletal system

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The role of the immune system is to protect the body from infections.

Section:  04.07

Topic:  Immune System

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.07.01 Summarize the function of each organ system in the human body.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

 

52) Which of the following body systems is located in only one cavity of the body?

1. A) urinary system
2. B) skeletal system
3. C) cardiovascular system
4. D) muscular system
5. E) immune system

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The urinary system is located in the pelvic cavity, while all the others are located throughout the body.

Section:  04.07

Topic:  Human Urinary System

Bloom’s:  4. Analyze

Learning Outcome:  04.07.02 Identify the major cavities of the human body.

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53) What cavities develop from the ventral cavity?

1. A) cranial and vertebral
2. B) thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic
3. C) pelvic and abdominal
4. D) cranial and thoracic
5. E) cranial, vertebral, and thoracic

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  The ventral cavity later divides into the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.

Section:  04.07

Topic:  Animal Tissues

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.07.02 Identify the major cavities of the human body.

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54) Which systems help to adjust the blood’s acid-base balance?

1. A) cardiovascular and muscular
2. B) cardiovascular and urinary
3. C) respiratory and urinary
4. D) respiratory and skeletal
5. E) muscular and skeletal

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Both the respiratory and urinary systems help to adjust the blood’s acid-base balance.

Section:  04.07

Topic:  Homeostasis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.07.01 Summarize the function of each organ system in the human body.

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55) The cardiovascular system is limited to just the heart and the blood.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, the blood, and the vessels the blood moves through.

Section:  04.07

Topic:  Human Cardiovascular System

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.07.01 Summarize the function of each organ system in the human body.

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56) Which of the following body parts is surrounded by a mucous membrane?

1. A) ovaries
2. B) heart
3. C) cavities of freely movable joints
4. D) tubes of the digestive system
5. E) abdominal cavity

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Mucous membranes line the tubes of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems.

Section:  04.07

Topic:  Human Digestive System

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.07.03 Name the body membranes and provide a function for each.

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57) Which body cavity contains the small and large intestines?

1. A) abdominal cavity
2. B) dorsal cavity
3. C) cranial cavity
4. D) vertebral canal
5. E) pelvic cavity

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The abdominal cavity contains the small and large intestines.

Section:  04.07

Topic:  Human Digestive System

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.07.02 Identify the major cavities of the human body.

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58) The pleurae would be found in which body system?

1. A) respiratory system
2. B) cardiovascular system
3. C) muscular system
4. D) urinary system
5. E) skeletal system

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The pleurae cover the lungs and thus would be part of the respiratory system.

Section:  04.07

Topic:  Human Respiratory System

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.07.03 Name the body membranes and provide a function for each.

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59) What membrane is infected in meningitis?

1. A) lining of the brain and spinal cord
2. B) lining of the lungs
3. C) lining of the heart
4. D) lining of the digestive tract
5. E) lining of the reproductive tract

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Meningitis is an infection of the meninges, which are the membranes found within the dorsal cavity, covering the brain and spinal cord.

Section:  04.07

Topic:  Human Nervous System

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.07.03 Name the body membranes and provide a function for each.

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60) The body’s ability to maintain a relative constancy of its internal environment is called

1. A) homeostasis.
2. B) development.
3. C) homogeneous.
4. D) coordination.
5. E) feedback.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Homeostasis is the body’s ability to maintain a relative constancy of its internal environment.

Section:  04.08

Topic:  Homeostasis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Learning Outcome:  04.08.01 Define homeostasis and provide an example.

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61) Sweating is a physiological process that seeks to maintain

1. A) blood glucose levels.
2. B) blood volume.
3. C) urine levels.
4. D) blood pH.
5. E) body temperature.

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  Sweating cools the body and is part of body temperature homeostasis.

Section:  04.08

Topic:  Homeostasis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.08.01 Define homeostasis and provide an example.

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62) Only the nervous and endocrine systems are involved in homeostasis.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  All of the body systems are involved in homeostasis.

Section:  04.08

Topic:  Homeostasis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.08.01 Define homeostasis and provide an example.

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63) If body temperature was controlled by a positive feedback mechanism, the body’s temperature would continue to rise.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  A positive feedback system results in an increasing change in the same direction.

Section:  04.08

Topic:  Homeostasis

Bloom’s:  5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome:  04.08.02 Distinguish between positive and negative feedback mechanisms.

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64) With a negative feedback mechanism, the value in question will vary around a set point.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  In a negative feedback mechanism, when the value in question is over or under a set point, the system brings about an effect to return the value to that set point. Therefore, the value will vary around a set point.

Section:  04.08

Topic:  Homeostasis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Learning Outcome:  04.08.02 Distinguish between positive and negative feedback mechanisms.

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation