Mastering The World Of Psychology 5th Edition by Samuel E. Wood – Test Bank

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Mastering The World Of Psychology 5th Edition by Samuel E. Wood – Test Bank

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Chapter 2: Biology and Behavior

 

 

Multiple Choice

 

1. EEG stands for _____
2. a) Electrical Encoded Graph.
3. b) encoded
4. c) electroencephalogram.
5. d) electro energy

Answer: c

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 39

Textbook LO 2.1: What does the electroencephalogram (EEG) reveal about the brain?, APA LO 3.2e

Topic: The EEG and the Microelectrode

 

2. Which of the following imaging techniques would be best for studying the activity of one single neuron?
3. a) CT scan
4. b) PET scan
5. c) microelectrodes
6. d) magnetoencephalography

Answer: c

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 39

Textbook LO 2.1: What does the electroencephalogram (EEG) reveal about the brain?, APA LO 3.2e

Topic: The EEG and the Microelectrode

 

3. The _____ can monitor the activity of a single neuron, or _____ activity within it.
4. a) microelectrode; stimulate
5. b) EEG; inhibit
6. c) microwire; stimulate
7. d) PET scan; stop

Answer: a A microelectrode is a small wire that can monitor electrical activity in or stimulate activity within a single neuron.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 39–40

Textbook LO 2.1: What does the electroencephalogram (EEG) reveal about the brain?, APA LO 3.2e

Topic: The EEG and the Microelectrode

 

4. A record of brain-wave activity is called a (an) _____
5. a) PET scan.
6. b) CAT scan.
7. c) EMG.
8. d) EEG.

Answer: d The EEG, electroencephalogram, is a record of brain-wave activity.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 39–40

Textbook LO 2.1: What does the electroencephalogram (EEG) reveal about the brain?, APA LO 3.2e

Topic: The EEG and the Microelectrode

 

5. When wanting a record of electrical activity in the brain in the form of brain waves, a (an) _____ machine would be used.
6. a) electroencephalogram
7. b) microelectrode
8. c) computerized X-ray
9. d) electrowave spectral imager

Answer: a The electroencephalogram machine makes a record of electrical activity in the brain.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 39

Textbook LO 2.1: What does the electroencephalogram (EEG) reveal about the brain?, APA LO 3.2e

Topic: The EEG and the Microelectrode

 

6. Dr. Solomon wants a record of the electrical activity in her patient’s brain during an epileptic seizure. She would schedule the patient for a _____ appointment.
7. a) magnetic resonance imaging
8. b) electroencephalograph
9. c) positron-emission tomography
10. d) microelectrode testing

Answer: b The electroencephalograph provides a record of electrical activity in the brain.

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 39

Textbook LO 2.1: What does the electroencephalogram (EEG) reveal about the brain?, APA LO 3.2e

Topic: The EEG and the Microelectrode

 

7. Eight-year-old Daria was having some disturbances in her sleep, so her parents took her to a Children’s Hospital to undergo various tests. She recalls sleeping in the hospital room with a bunch of wires stuck to her scalp. What technique was used in Daria’s sleep study?
8. a) EEG
9. b) MEG
10. c) PET
11. d) SPECT

Answer: a The EEG, electroencephalograph, involves the placement of wires on the scalp and is used to measure brain wave activity during sleep.

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 40

Textbook LO 2.1: What does the electroencephalogram (EEG) reveal about the brain?, APA LO 3.2e

Topic: The EEG and the Microelectrode

 

8. Dr. Solomon wants to identify the precise neuronal origin of her patient’s epileptic seizures. She will be using a (an) _____ to determine this.
9. a) iEEG
10. b) fMRI
11. c) iPET
12. d) EEG

Answer: a The iEEG, intracranial electroencephalogram, enables neurologists to pinpoint the precise neuronal origin of seizures.

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 40

Textbook LO 2.1: What does the electroencephalogram (EEG) reveal about the brain?, APA LO 3.2e

Topic: The EEG and the Microelectrode

 

9. _____ is a brain-scanning technique that uses a rotating, computerized X-ray tube to produce cross-sectional images of the structures of the brain.
10. a) Positron-emission tomography
11. b) Computerized axial tomography
12. c) Functional magnetic resonance imaging
13. d) Magnetic resonance imaging

Answer: b

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 40

Textbook LO 2.2: How do researchers use imaging techniques to study the nervous system?, APA LO 3.2e

Topic: Imaging Techniques

 

10. Which of the following uses X-rays to detect various abnormalities of the brain including injury sites, tumors, and evidence of recent strokes?
11. a) intracranial EEG
12. b) magnetic resonance imaging
13. c) computerized axial tomography
14. d) electroencephalogram

Answer: c

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 40

Textbook LO 2.2: How do researchers use imaging techniques to study the nervous system?, APA LO 3.2e

Topic: Imaging Techniques

 

11. The _____ is a diagnostic scanning technique that produces high-resolution images of the structures of the brain.
12. a) MRI
13. b) EEG
14. c) PET
15. d) X-ray

Answer: a

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 40

Textbook LO 2.2: How do researchers use imaging techniques to study the nervous system?, APA LO 3.2e

Topic: Imaging Techniques

 

12. The _____ maps patterns of blood flow, oxygen use, and glucose consumption in the brain.
13. a) CT scan, computer axial tomography
14. b) MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
15. c) EEG, electroencephalogram
16. d) PET scan, positron-emission tomography

Answer: d

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 40

Textbook LO 2.2: How do researchers use imaging techniques to study the nervous system?, APA LO 3.2e

Topic: Imaging Techniques

 

13. The iEEG, intracranial electroencephalogram would be most appropriate for studying _____
14. a) brain waves during sleep.
15. b) abnormalities in brain structure.
16. c) glucose and oxygen uptake in the brain.
17. d) the activity of a single neuron.

Answer: d The iEEG allows neurologists to pinpoint the precise neuronal origin of activity.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 39–40

Textbook LO 2.2: How do researchers use imaging techniques to study the nervous system?, APA LO 3.2e

Topic: Imaging Techniques

 

14. The CT scan would be a good choice to look for which of the following?
15. a) a tumor in the brain
16. b) abnormal brain activity
17. c) a sleep disorder
18. d) individual neuron bundles

Answer: b Computerized axial tomography (CT) scans reveal structures in the brain, including tumors.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 40

Textbook LO 2.2: How do researchers use imaging techniques to study the nervous system?, APA LO 3.2e

Topic: Imaging Techniques

 

15. Diffusion tensor imaging would be the best choice to examine _____
16. a) individual neuron bundles.
17. b) a tumor in the brain.
18. c) a sleep disorder.
19. d) glucose uptake in the brain.

Answer: a Diffusion tensor imaging, DTI, enables researchers to examine individual neuron bundles.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Difficult

Page Ref: 41

Textbook LO 2.2: How do researchers use imaging techniques to study the nervous system?, APA LO 3.2e

Topic: Imaging Techniques

 

16. Conan brought his mother to the hospital when he noticed she couldn’t move one side of her body and had great difficulty speaking. The physician informed Conan that his mother may have had a stroke. He wanted to confirm this speculation by using an imaging device that utilized X-rays. Which of the following was used on Conan’s mother?
17. a) MRI
18. b) CT scan
19. c) EEG
20. d) fMRI

Answer: b CT scans use X-rays to reveal cross-sectional images of brain structure that can reveal evidence of recent strokes.

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 40

Textbook LO 2.2: How do researchers use imaging techniques to study the nervous system?, APA LO 3.2e

Topic: Imaging Techniques

 

17. Lucinda needs to find the location of her patient’s tumor, but she does not want to expose the patient to X-rays. Which of the following imaging technologies would be best suited for this task?
18. a) a microelectrode
19. b) a CT scan
20. c) a MRI
21. d) an EEG

Answer: c MRIs provide clearer and more detailed images of the brain without exposing people to X-rays.

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 40

Textbook LO 2.2: How do researchers use imaging techniques to study the nervous system?, APA LO 3.2e

Topic: Imaging Techniques

 

18. RaeAnn is a researcher who studies the effects of drug use in humans. She wants to understand the action of particular drugs on the brain. Which of the following imaging techniques will allow her to engage in this type of research?
19. a) CT scan
20. b) MRI
21. c) PET
22. d) DTI

Answer: c PET scans can show activity in the brain and reveal the effects of drugs on brain activity.

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Difficult

Page Ref: 40

Textbook LO 2.2: How do researchers use imaging techniques to study the nervous system?, APA LO 3.2e

Topic: Imaging Techniques

 

19. _____ are specialized cells that conduct impulses through the nervous system.
20. a) Gametes
21. b) Neurons
22. c) Dendrites
23. d) Axons

Answer: b

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 41

Textbook LO 2.3: What does each part of the neuron do?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: The Structure of the Neuron

 

20. The body of the cell that carries out the life-sustaining functions of the neuron and contains its nucleus is called the _____
21. a) soma.
22. b) dendrite.
23. c) axon.
24. d) bud.

Answer: a

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 41

Textbook LO 2.3: What does each part of the neuron do?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: The Structure of the Neuron

 

21. The function of the neuron’s axon is to _____
22. a) carry messages to other cells.
23. b) regulate the neuron’s life processes.
24. c) receive messages from neighboring neurons.
25. d) insulate against leakage of electrical impulses.

Answer: a

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 41–42

Textbook LO 2.3: What does each part of the neuron do?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: The Structure of the Neuron

Item Analysis: % correct 67 a = 67 b = 2 c = 35 6 = 53 r = .41

 

22. _____ receive messages from other neurons and _____ send messages to other neurons.
23. a) Axons; dendrites
24. b) Axons; soma
25. c) Soma; glial cells
26. d) Dendrites; axons

Answer: d

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 41–42

Textbook LO 2.3: What does each part of the neuron do?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: The Structure of the Neuron

Item Analysis: % correct 67 a = 67 b = 2 c = 35 6 = 53 r = .41

 

23. The part of a neuron that extends, tail-like, from the soma, and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse is the _____
24. a) dendrite.
25. b) glial cell.
26. c) axon.
27. d) terminal bud.

Answer: c The axon extends from the cell body. It has a slender, tail-like shape, and releases neurotransmitters from its axon terminal.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 42

Textbook LO 2.3: What does each part of the neuron do?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: The Structure of the Neuron

 

24. Looking like leafless branches of a tree, the _____ are the primary receivers of signals from other neurons, although the _____ also receives signals directly.
25. a) axon; dendrites
26. b) dendrites; soma
27. c) soma; dendrites
28. d) dendrites; axon

Answer: b The dendrites, which branch off from the cell body, are the primary receivers of signals from other neurons. The soma, or cell body, also receives signals directly.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 41

Textbook LO 2.3: What does each part of the neuron do?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: The Structure of the Neuron

 

25. If the dendrites of a neuron were not able to perform their function, _____
26. a) the myelin would shrink.
27. b) no signals would be transmitted from the neuron.
28. c) no signals would be received from the neuron.
29. d) some neural signals would still be received by the neuron.

Answer: d Because the soma, or cell body, also receives some signals directly, some neural signals would still be received by this neuron.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 41–42

Textbook LO 2.3: What does each part of the neuron do?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: The Structure of the Neuron

 

26. If the axon of a neuron were not able to perform its function, _____
27. a) the neuron would receive no signals.
28. b) the neuron would send no signals.
29. c) the neuron would not reproduce.
30. d) the neuron signals would become erratic.

Answer: b It is only by the release of neurotransmitters from the axon’s terminal that signals are transmitted by neurons.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 41–42

Textbook LO 2.3: What does each part of the neuron do?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: The Structure of the Neuron

 

27. Examining the end of an axon, we would see that _____
28. a) it has many branches, each of which ends in an axon terminal.
29. b) it has only one terminal.
30. c) it touches a dendrite or soma of another neuron.
31. d) it terminates in a myelin sheath.

Answer: a

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Difficult

Page Ref: 42

Textbook LO 2.3: What does each part of the neuron do?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: The Structure of the Neuron

 

28. Nodes of _____ are gaps in the _____ that coat some axons.
29. a) myelin; glia
30. b) Ranvier; myelin
31. c) membrane; sheath
32. d) axons; synaptic fluid

Answer: b

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Difficult

Page Ref: 44

Textbook LO 2.3: What does each part of the neuron do?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: The Structure of the Neuron

 

29. Tony suffers from a disease in which myelin is progressively lost. Tony’s axons will increasingly lack _____
30. a) neurotransmitters.
31. b) signals.
32. c) insulation.
33. d) fluid.

Answer: c Myelin is the white, waxy, coating on axons that acts as an insulator.

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 44

Textbook LO 2.3: What does each part of the neuron do?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: The Structure of the Neuron

 

30. The tiny gap between an axon’s terminals and the dendrites or soma of another neuron is called the _____
31. a) node of Ranvier.
32. b) myelin gap.
33. c) synaptic cleft.
34. d) neural space.

Answer: c

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 42–43

Textbook LO 2.3: What does each part of the neuron do?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: The Structure of the Neuron

 

31. A presynaptic neuron is the one that is _____ a signal to another neuron.
32. a) receiving
33. b) sending
34. c) coding
35. d) inhibiting

Answer: b

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 43

Textbook LO 2.4: How do neurous transmit messages through the nervous system?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Communication between Neurons

 

32. When a neuron is at rest, it carries a _____ electrical potential (charge).
33. a) slightly positive
34. b) slightly negative
35. c) neutral
36. d) massively negative

Answer: b

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 43

Textbook LO 2.4: How do neurous transmit messages through the nervous system?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Communication between Neurons

 

33. The sudden reversal of a neuron’s resting potential is called a(n) _____ potential and initiates the _____ of a neuron.
34. a) firing; action
35. b) signaling; firing
36. c) action; firing
37. d) positive; discharge

Answer: c

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 43

Textbook LO 2.4: How do neurous transmit messages through the nervous system?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Communication between Neurons

 

34. Immediately after firing, a neuron cannot fire for 1 to 2 milliseconds. This is called the _____ period.
35. a) discharged
36. b) resting
37. c) refractory
38. d) potential

Answer: c

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 43

Textbook LO 2.4: How do neurous transmit messages through the nervous system?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Communication between Neurons

 

35. A neuron has received a signal, causing ion channels to open in the cell membrane, letting positively charged ions flow in. This has caused the membrane potential to change suddenly from –70 to +50 millivolts. This will cause a (an) _____ to occur.
36. a) resting state
37. b) action potential
38. c) negative charge
39. d) positive charge

Answer: b The sudden reversal of the resting potential of –70 millivolts to a positive value of +50 millivolts that occurs when ion channels open—allowing positively charged ions to flow in through the cell membrane—creates an action potential.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 43

Textbook LO 2.4: How do neurous transmit messages through the nervous system?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Communication between Neurons

 

36. When a neuron carries the electrical potential of _____ millivolts, it is in the state called _____
37. a) –70; resting potential.
38. b) +50; refractory period.
39. c) –50; resting potential.
40. d) –30; refractory period.

Answer: a

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Difficult

Page Ref: 43

Textbook LO 2.4: How do neurous transmit messages through the nervous system?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Communication between Neurons

 

37. The strength of the brain’s response to a weak or strong stimulus is a result of _____
38. a) how many and how fast neurons fire.
39. b) the all or none rule.
40. c) how many millivolts the neuron has.
41. d) whether action potential occurs.

Answer: a The all or none rule states that neurons either fire or don’t fire. This determines whether a response takes place or does not take place. On the other hand, the strength of that response is determined by the number of neurons that fire and/or how fast they fire.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Difficult

Page Ref: 44

Textbook LO 2.4: How do neurous transmit messages through the nervous system?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Communication between Neurons

 

38. The most important factor in speeding action potential on its way is the fatty, white coating wrapped around most axons. This is called the _____
39. a) node of Ranvier.
40. b) myelin sheath.
41. c) synaptic fluid.
42. d) sclerotic coating.

Answer: b

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 44

Textbook LO 2.4: How do neurous transmit messages through the nervous system?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Communication between Neurons

 

39. Multiple sclerosis results in loss of coordination, jerky movement, muscular weakness, and speech disturbance through the deterioration of _____
40. a) axons.
41. b) neurons.
42. c) myelin.
43. d) neural membranes.

Answer: c Multiple sclerosis is a disease involving deterioration of the myelin sheaths of neurons, which results in the symptoms described.

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 44

Textbook LO 2.4: How do neurous transmit messages through the nervous system?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Communication between Neurons

 

40. The myelin sheath and nodes of Ranvier are important because they _____
41. a) protect the neuron.
42. b) speed neural impulses.
43. c) create action potential.
44. d) prevent refractory periods.

Answer: b The myelin sheath, and the gaps in it, called nodes of Ranvier, are important because they speed the impulse traveling down the axon so it is up to 100 times faster than in axons without myelin sheaths.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 44

Textbook LO 2.4: How do neurous transmit messages through the nervous system?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Communication between Neurons

 

41. Which of the following are tiny sacs in the axon terminal that hold chemicals that are released into the synapse?
42. a) synaptic vesicles
43. b) synaptic nodes
44. c) terminal buttons
45. d) synaptic gaps

Answer: a

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 44

Textbook LO 2.5: How do neurotransmitters work?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Neurotransmitters

Item Analysis: % correct 65 a = 65 b = 22 c = 10 d = 3 r = .36

 

42. A chemical found in the sacs within an axon terminal which, when released, has an effect on a nearby neuron is called a _____
43. a) glial cell.
44. b) neurotransmitter.
45. c) precursor cell.
46. d) synapse.

Answer: b

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 44

Textbook LO 2.5: How do neurotransmitters work?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Neurotransmitters

Item Analysis: % correct 74 a = 4 b = 74 c = 4 d = 18 r = .34

 

43. When a(n) _____ arrives at the axon terminal, it causes the release of neurotransmitters.
44. a) precursor
45. b) receptor
46. c) action potential
47. d) node of Ranvier

Answer: c

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 44

Textbook LO 2.5: How do neurotransmitters work?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Neurotransmitters

 

44. Neurotransmitters have distinct molecular shapes; so do the _____ they bind to.
45. a) myelin sheaths
46. b) presynaptic neurons
47. c) vesicles
48. d) receptors

Answer: d

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 44

Textbook LO 2.5: How do neurotransmitters work?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Neurotransmitters

 

45. Excitatory neurotransmitters influence the receiving neuron to _____, while inhibitory neurotransmitters influence the receiving neuron to _____
46. a) fire; not fire.
47. b) not fire; fire.
48. c) move; not move.
49. d) not move; move.

Answer: a

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 45

Textbook LO 2.5: How do neurotransmitters work?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Neurotransmitters

 

46. Reuptake refers to the process by which neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft are _____
47. a) sent back into receptors again.
48. b) moved back into their axon terminal.
49. c) broken apart.
50. d) absorbed by the receiving neuron.

Answer: b When a neurotransmitter molecule is returned to the axon terminal, the process is called reuptake.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 45

Textbook LO 2.5: How do neurotransmitters work?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Neurotransmitters

 

47. Running to class, _____ is causing muscle fibers in your leg to contract so you can move, and it will stimulate the neurons you need for learning new information.
48. a) serotonin
49. b) dopamine
50. c) endorphin
51. d) acetylcholine

Answer: d Acetylcholine causes skeletal muscle fiber to contract so you can move. It is also involved in stimulating the neurons involved in learning new information.

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 46

Textbook LO 2.5: How do neurotransmitters work?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Neurotransmitters

 

48. You just accomplished a goal and rewarded yourself with a delicious treat. The pleasant feelings that result from these behaviors are made possible by the release of _____
49. a) acetylcholine.
50. b) GABA.
51. c) dopamine.
52. d) epinephrine.

Answer: c Dopamine is associated with reinforcement and pleasure.

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 46

Textbook LO 2.5: How do neurotransmitters work?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Neurotransmitters

 

49. You just took a tumble and your arm really hurts. You are wishing your brain would release a lot of _____ to help relieve the pain.
50. a) acetylcholine
51. b) dopamine
52. c) serotonin
53. d) endorphins

Answer: d Endorphins provide relief from pain.

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 46

Textbook LO 2.5: How do neurotransmitters work?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Neurotransmitters

 

50. Researchers have identified about _____ substances that are made in our body and brain that act as neurotransmitters.
51. a) 10
52. b) 1,000
53. c) 100
54. d) 20

Answer: c

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 45

Textbook LO 2.5: How do neurotransmitters work?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Neurotransmitters

 

51. Each neuron may have synapses with _____ other neurons.
52. a) two or three
53. b) thousands of
54. c) up to ten
55. d) no more than 100

Answer: b

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 45

Textbook LO 2.5: How do neurotransmitters work?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Neurotransmitters

 

52. Whether a neuron fires or not depends on _____
53. a) whether it is an excitatory neuron.
54. b) the sum of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters it receives.
55. c) what type of neurotransmitter the neuron makes.
56. d) whether the neuron is myelinated or not.

Answer: b The same neuron may receive signals that are inhibitory and signals that are excitatory. Whether it will fire or not fire depends on whether there are more inhibitory, or more excitatory signals.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 45

Textbook LO 2.5: How do neurotransmitters work?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Neurotransmitters

 

53. All of the nerves outside your spinal cord and brain make up the _____
54. a) central nervous system.
55. b) sympathetic nervous system.
56. c) sensory nervous system.
57. d) peripheral nervous system.

Answer: d

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 47

Textbook LO 2.6: What are the structures and functions of the peripheral nervous system?, APA LO 5.1a

Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System

 

54. Sensory and motor nerves are part of the _____ nervous system.
55. a) somatic
56. b) autonomic
57. c) sympathetic
58. d) parasympathetic

Answer: a

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 47

Textbook LO 2.6: What are the structures and functions of the peripheral nervous system?, APA LO 5.1a

Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System

 

55. You have a great deal of conscious control over the nerves of the _____ nervous system, but not over the nerves of the _____ nervous system.
56. a) somatic; autonomic.
57. b) autonomic; somatic.
58. c) peripheral; autonomic.
59. d) central nervous system; peripheral nervous system.

Answer: a

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 47

Textbook LO 2.6: What are the structures and functions of the peripheral nervous system?, APA LO 5.1a

Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System

 

56. The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the _____ and the _____
57. a) somatic; peripheral.
58. b) sympathetic; parasympathetic.
59. c) central; peripheral.
60. d) brain; spinal cord.

Answer: b

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 48

Textbook LO 2.6: What are the structures and functions of the peripheral nervous system?, APA LO 5.1a

Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System

 

57. Jerry is having difficulty with the motor nerves in his leg. His problem is in the _____ nervous system.
58. a) autonomic
59. b) somatic
60. c) central
61. d) muscle

Answer: b The somatic nervous system controls skeletal muscles.

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 47

 

Test Bank for Wood 5e

Chapter 4: Consciousness

 

 

Multiple Choice

 

1. What term do psychologists use to designate our personal awareness of feelings, sensations, and thoughts?
2. a) thinking
3. b) cognition
4. c) conscience
5. d) consciousness

Answer: d

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 116

Textbook LO 4.1: How do psychologists view consciousness?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: What Is Consciousness?

Item Analysis:

% correct 70 a = 4 b = 21 c = 5 d = 70 r = .20

% correct 78 a = 7 b = 0 c = 15 d = 78 r = .19

 

2. Because of modern brain-imaging techniques, today’s psychologists think of consciousness largely in terms of _____
3. a) altered states.
4. b) neurobiology.
5. c) subjective experience.
6. d) behaviorism.

Answer: b Brain imaging has allowed us to accumulate a large body of evidence leading to better understanding of the neurological basis of consciousness.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 116

Textbook LO 4.1: How do psychologists view consciousness?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Changing Views of Consciousness

 

3. American psychologists did not study consciousness for many decades because of the influence of _____
4. a) behaviorism.
5. b) psychoanalysis.
6. c) humanistic psychology.
7. d) dualism.

Answer: a Behaviorists urged the abandonment of the study of consciousness, believing it could not be studied scientifically because it was not observable or measureable.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 116

Textbook LO 4.1: How do psychologists view consciousness?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Changing Views of Consciousness

 

4. Daydreaming, meditation, intoxication, sleep, and hypnosis are all types of _____
5. a) self-awareness.
6. b) self-absorption.
7. c) waking consciousness.
8. d) altered states of consciousness.

Answer: d All of these states are altered states of consciousness as they change our awareness, thoughts, feelings, sensations, and perceptions of the external environment.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 117

Textbook LO 4.1: How do psychologists view consciousness?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Changing Views of Consciousness

Item Analysis: % correct 92 a = 4 b = 0 c = 4 d = 92 r = .37

 

5. What do we call a state of consciousness that can result from the use of alcohol, drugs, or hypnosis?
6. a) daydreaming
7. b) meditative absorption
8. c) stream of consciousness
9. d) altered state of consciousness

Answer: d The use of drugs or hypnosis “alters” our consciousness.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 117

Textbook LO 4.1: How do psychologists view consciousness?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Changing Views of Consciousness

Item Analysis: % correct 91 a = 2 b = 5 c = 2 d = 91 r = .37

 

6. Observing many cultures might lead us to think that a desire to alter our state of consciousness is _____
7. a) universal.
8. b) a mental illness.
9. c) fairly rare.
10. d) a modern problem.

Answer: a So many ways of altering consciousness are practiced by so many cultures that some experts think producing altered states is a universal human need.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 117

Textbook LO 4.2: What is the connection between altered states of consciousness and culture?, APA LO 5.2e

Topic: Culture and Altered States of Consciousness

 

7. The use of methods, including drugs, that alter the state of consciousness are _____
8. a) condemned by all religions as evil.
9. b) used in some religious rituals.
10. c) seen as immoral in all religious traditions.
11. d) viewed as an illness in all religious traditions.

Answer: b An example would be the use of peyote as part of the practices of the Native American Church.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 117

Textbook LO 4.2: What is the connection between altered states of consciousness and culture?, APA LO 5.2e

Topic: Culture and Altered States of Consciousness

 

8. Within each 24-hour period, the regular fluctuation from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behaviors is known as _____
9. a) circadian rhythm.
10. b) hypothalamic phases.
11. c) metabolism.
12. d) transduction.

Answer: a

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 117

Textbook LO 4.3: How do circadian rhythms affect psysiological and psychological functions?, APA LO 5.2b

Topic: Circadian Rhythms

 

9. What is the most significant environmental cue that influences the circadian rhythm?
10. a) the temperature
11. b) food
12. c) light
13. d) sleep

Answer: c

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 118

Textbook LO 4.3: How do circadian rhythms affect psysiological and psychological functions?, APA LO 5.2b

Topic: The Influence of Circadian Rhythms

 

10. The _____, also called the biological clock, consists of a pair of tiny structures in the brain’s hypothalamus that control the timing of the circadian rhythms.
11. a) amygdala
12. b) suprachiasmatic nucleus
13. c) pineal gland
14. d) hypothalamic nucleus

Answer: b

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 118

Textbook LO 4.3: How do circadian rhythms affect psysiological and psychological functions?, APA LO 5.2b

Topic: The Influence of Circadian Rhythms

 

11. When referring to the circadian rhythm, which of the following reflects the correct order of processing?
12. a) retina, optic nerve, suprachiasmatic nucleus
13. b) retina, pineal gland, hypothalamus
14. c) optic nerve, retina, suprachiasmatic nucleus
15. d) pineal gland, retina, optic nerve

Answer: a

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Difficult

Page Ref: 118

Textbook LO 4.3: How do circadian rhythms affect psysiological and psychological functions?, APA LO 5.2b

Topic: The Influence of Circadian Rhythms

 

12. How many physiological and psychological functions are affected by the circadian rhythms?
13. a) two; sleep and wakefulness
14. b) three; sleep, wakefulness, and temperature
15. c) virtually every one that has been studied
16. d) four; sleep, wakefulness, temperature, and digestion

Answer: c

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Difficult

Page Ref: 118

Textbook LO 4.3: How do circadian rhythms affect psysiological and psychological functions?, APA LO 5.2b

Topic: The Influence of Circadian Rhythms

 

13. During daylight hours, we are less likely to feel sleepy because the _____ gland does not produce _____
14. a) adrenal; adrenaline.
15. b) hypothalamic; cortisol.
16. c) SCN; acetylcholine.
17. d) pineal; melatonin.

Answer: d The pineal gland normally does not produce melatonin during daylight hours. Melatonin helps induce sleep.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 118

Textbook LO 4.3: How do circadian rhythms affect psysiological and psychological functions?, APA LO 5.2b

Topic: The Influence of Circadian Rhythms

 

14. Most people’s _____ level peaks before noon, making this the time they are likely to be most _____
15. a) serotonin; mellow.
16. b) dopamine; happy.
17. c) melatonin; sleepy.
18. d) cortisol; alert.

Answer: d The majority of individuals have their highest levels of alertness in the morning before noon when their cortisol level is at its highest.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Difficult

Page Ref: 118–119

Textbook LO 4.3: How do circadian rhythms affect psysiological and psychological functions?, APA LO 5.2b

Topic: The Influence of Circadian Rhythms

 

15. Bao finds that she feels least alert during the day around 3 p.m., and she does her best work before noon every day. This is most likely because her circadian rhythm causes her cortisol to be _____ in the morning before noon and _____ in the afternoon around 3 p.m.
16. a) higher; lower
17. b) lower; higher
18. c) absent; peaking
19. d) balanced; unbalanced

Answer: a We feel more alert when our cortisol levels are higher.

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 119

Textbook LO 4.3: How do circadian rhythms affect psysiological and psychological functions?, APA LO 5.2b

Topic: The Influence of Circadian Rhythms

 

16. Jackie is an airline pilot who frequently flies across time zones. She tries to compensate for this disturbance in her circadian rhythm by adjusting her light exposure with artificial lighting. This will work best if she does which of the following?
17. a) gets bright light in the early morning and avoids it during the evening
18. b) makes sure light exposure is equal throughout the day
19. c) avoids bright light in the morning and gets it in the afternoon
20. d) it doesn’t matter, this does not work

Answer: a By mimicking a normal light cycle with morning light, while avoiding evening light that is bright, Jackie may help restore her circadian rhythm.

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 119

Textbook LO 4.4: How do disruptions in circadian rhythms affect the body and mind?, APA LO 5.2b

Topic: Disruptions in Circadian Rhythms

 

17. If you managed a manufacturing plant that ran three rotating shifts, what could you do to help your employees remain in a more normal biological rhythm?
18. a) provide plenty of caffeinated drinks
19. b) keep noise down on the evening and night shifts
20. c) rotate shifts no more often than every 3 weeks
21. d) provide super bright lighting for the night shift

Answer: c Rotating shifts no more often than every 3 weeks has been shown to lessen the disruption of circadian rhythms.

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 119

Textbook LO 4.4: How do disruptions in circadian rhythms affect the body and mind?, APA LO 5.2b

Topic: Disruptions in Circadian Rhythms

 

18. Your _____ night is when your biological clock is telling you to go to sleep.
19. a) circadian
20. b) objective
21. c) biological
22. d) subjective

Answer: d

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Difficult

Page Ref: 119

Textbook LO 4.4: How do disruptions in circadian rhythms affect the body and mind?, APA LO 5.2b

Topic: Disruptions in Circadian Rhythms

 

19. If you work during the time your biological clock is telling you to go to sleep, your _____ will go up, and your _____ will go down.
20. a) pulse; blood pressure
21. b) accident rate; productivity
22. c) metabolism; weight
23. d) serotonin; dopamine

Answer: b

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Difficult

Page Ref: 119

Textbook LO 4.4: How do disruptions in circadian rhythms affect the body and mind?, APA LO 5.2b

Topic: Disruptions in Circadian Rhythms

 

20. Studies have shown that exposing people to _____ during their last 4 hours of sleep can help shift workers who experience a sleep-phase delay.
21. a) low light levels
22. b) cooler temperatures
23. c) warmer temperatures
24. d) bright light

Answer: d

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 119

Textbook LO 4.4: How do disruptions in circadian rhythms affect the body and mind?, APA LO 5.2b

Topic: Disruptions in Circadian Rhythms

 

21. Through what means did researchers discover the characteristics of two major types of sleep?
22. a) the polysomnogram
23. b) the microelectrode
24. c) behavioral observations
25. d) the fMRI

Answer: a

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Difficult

Page Ref: 120

Textbook LO 4.5: How do the restorative and circadian theories explain sleep?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Sleep

 

22. Which theory of sleep suggests that we sleep to rest our bodies and minds and rejuvenate ourselves for the next day?
23. a) the place theory
24. b) the circadian theory
25. c) the evolutionary theory
26. d) the restorative theory

Answer: d

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 120

Textbook LO 4.5: How do the restorative and circadian theories explain sleep?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Why We Sleep

 

23. According to this theory, sleep is necessary for growth and repair of the body.
24. a) restorative theory
25. b) adaptive theory
26. c) psychoanalytic theory
27. d) dream theory

Answer: a

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 120

Textbook LO 4.5: How do the restorative and circadian theories explain sleep?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Why We Sleep

Item Analysis: % correct 100 a = 100 b = 0 c = 0 d = 0 r = .00

 

24. Which theory of sleep is based on the premise that sleep evolved to keep humans out of harm’s way?
25. a) restorative
26. b) melatonin
27. c) circadian
28. d) ecobehavioral

Answer: c The circadian, or evolutionary, theory of sleep proposes that keeping us out of harm’s way during the dark of night gave sleep an adaptive value.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Difficult

Page Ref: 120

Textbook LO 4.5: How do the restorative and circadian theories explain sleep?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Why We Sleep

 

25. Alexander Borbley combined two main theories of sleep and explained that the urge to sleep is partly a function of how long we have been awake and which of the following?
26. a) how much we slept the last night
27. b) the time of day
28. c) the weather
29. d) whether we are an owl or a lark

Answer: b Borbley synthesized the circadian and restorative theories of sleep. The influence of how long we have been awake reflects the restorative theory. The time of day reflects the circadian influence.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Difficult

Page Ref: 120

Textbook LO 4.5: How do the restorative and circadian theories explain sleep?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: Why We Sleep

 

26. How many stages of the sleep cycle are there?
27. a) 2
28. b) 4
29. c) 7
30. d) 5

Answer: b

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 120

Textbook LO 4.6: What types of sleep occur during a typical night of sleep?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: How We Sleep

 

27. Each stage of the sleep cycle lasts about how long?
28. a) an hour
29. b) 30 minutes
30. c) 15 minutes
31. d) 90 minutes

Answer: d

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 120

Textbook LO 4.6: What types of sleep occur during a typical night of sleep?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: How We Sleep

 

28. When _____ waves outnumber _____ waves, we enter the first stage of sleep.
29. a) theta; delta
30. b) beta; alpha
31. c) REM; NREM
32. d) alpha; beta

Answer: d

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 120

Textbook LO 4.6: What types of sleep occur during a typical night of sleep?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: How We Sleep

 

29. _____ waves are associated with deep relaxation.
30. a) Alpha
31. b) Beta
32. c) Spindle
33. d) REM

Answer: a

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 120

Textbook LO 4.6: What types of sleep occur during a typical night of sleep?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: How We Sleep

 

30. Slow wave sleep begins in stage _____, when an EEG shows about 20% of the brain waves are _____ waves.
31. a) two; alpha
32. b) four; theta
33. c) three; delta
34. d) one; transition

Answer: c

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 120

Textbook LO 4.6: What types of sleep occur during a typical night of sleep?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: How We Sleep

 

31. The stage of deepest sleep shows 50% of brain waves are _____ waves.
32. a) alpha
33. b) delta
34. c) theta
35. d) beta

Answer: b

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 121

Textbook LO 4.6: What types of sleep occur during a typical night of sleep?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: How We Sleep

 

32. Falling asleep occurs in Stage _____ with irregular brain waves and occasional _____ waves.
33. a) 2; beta
34. b) 4; alpha
35. c) 2; alpha
36. d) 1; alpha

Answer: d

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 121

Textbook LO 4.6: What types of sleep occur during a typical night of sleep?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: How We Sleep

 

33. Mekala is in REM sleep. Which of the following describes that type of sleep?
34. a) Her eyes are moving under her eyelids and her brain is highly active.
35. b) Her arms, legs, and trunk are jerking and moving.
36. c) She is totally still, nothing is moving.
37. d) She is talking in her sleep.

Answer: a During REM sleep, the large muscles of the body are paralyzed while the brain becomes highly active and eye movements take place under closed eyelids.

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 121

Textbook LO 4.6: What types of sleep occur during a typical night of sleep?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: How We Sleep

 

34. Janice was taking part in an experiment in the sleep lab. She was given a verbal task to learn under two conditions. In condition one, she was deprived of NREM sleep the following sleep period. In condition two, she was deprived of only REM sleep. Under which condition was she likely to do better on the verbal task the next day, and why?
35. a) Condition one, because we spend more time in NREM than REM sleep.
36. b) Condition one, because memory is consolidated during NREM sleep.
37. c) Condition two, because memory is consolidated during REM sleep.
38. d) Condition two, because we spend more time in REM than NREM sleep.

Answer: a Research has demonstrated that performance on motor and verbal tasks improves after a sleep period even when deprived of NREM sleep. However, if deprived of REM sleep, performance does not improve.

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Difficult

Page Ref: 121

Textbook LO 4.6: What types of sleep occur during a typical night of sleep?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: How We Sleep

 

35. Jax was deprived of REM sleep during an experiment in the sleep lab last night. We could reasonably expect that tonight he will _____
36. a) have trouble falling asleep.
37. b) have more Stage 4 sleep.
38. c) spend more time dreaming.
39. d) have more delta wave sleep.

Answer: c When deprived of REM sleep, people make up for it by spending more time in REM in the following sleep periods.

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 121

Textbook LO 4.6: What types of sleep occur during a typical night of sleep?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: How We Sleep

 

36. Last night I dreamed I saw an alien spacecraft gleaming in a field of flowers in the fog. It was a vivid, colorful dream. I was in _____ sleep.
37. a) NREM
38. b) slow-wave
39. c) delta wave
40. d) REM

Answer: d Dreaming takes place primarily in REM sleep.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 121

Textbook LO 4.6: What types of sleep occur during a typical night of sleep?, APA LO 5.1b

Topic: How We Sleep

 

37. Of the following, who has the longest average sleep time?
38. a) teenagers
39. b) children aged 6 to puberty
40. c) newborns
41. d) people over age 65

Answer: c

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 122

Textbook LO 4.7: How does age influence sleep patterns?, APA LO 5.1d

Topic: Variations in Sleep

 

38. Who has the highest percentage of REM and slow-wave sleep?
39. a) teenagers
40. b) young adults
41. c) the elderly
42. d) infants

Answer: d

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 122

Textbook LO 4.7: How does age influence sleep patterns?, APA LO 5.1d

Topic: Variations in Sleep

 

39. Who is likely to live the longest? An adult who sleeps _____
40. a) 4 hours per night.
41. b) 9 hours per night.
42. c) 7 hours per night.
43. d) 5 hours a night.

Answer: c

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 122

Textbook LO 4.7: How does age influence sleep patterns?, APA LO 5.1d

Topic: Variations in Sleep

 

40. According to a large survey in North America, Europe and Japan, up to two-thirds of _____ experience insomnia and wake up off and on through the night on a regular basis.
41. a) teens
42. b) young adults
43. c) older adults
44. d) children

Answer: c Older adults experience significant changes in sleep patterns, including disrupted or fragmented sleep through the night and insomnia.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 122

Textbook LO 4.7: How does age influence sleep patterns?, APA LO 5.1d

Topic: Variations in Sleep

 

41. Margaret sleeps erratically but when all that time is added up, she sleeps about 14 hours a day. Based on the research on sleep across the lifespan, Margaret is likely to be _____
42. a) elderly.
43. b) an adolescent.
44. c) in her 30s.
45. d) an infant.

Answer: d

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 122

Textbook LO 4.7: How does age influence sleep patterns?, APA LO 5.1d

Topic: Variations in Sleep

 

42. If they are free from scheduling pressures, teens tend to sleep _____
43. a) less than 4 hours a night.
44. b) longer than elementary-aged children.
45. c) mostly during daytime hours.
46. d) in short naps of about 40 minutes each.

Answer: b

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 122

Textbook LO 4.7: How does age influence sleep patterns?, APA LO 5.1d

Topic: Variations in Sleep

 

43. The total number of hours a person sleeps tends to _____ dramatically across the life span.
44. a) decrease
45. b) increase
46. c) shift toward more morning sleep
47. d) increase in REM

Answer: a

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 122

Textbook LO 4.7: How does age influence sleep patterns?, APA LO 5.1d

Topic: Variations in Sleep

 

44. The stage of life in which changes in sleep patterns are most often experienced as decreasing the quality of life is _____
45. a) adolescence.
46. b) young adulthood.
47. c) older adulthood.
48. d) middle adulthood.

Answer: c

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 122

Textbook LO 4.7: How does age influence sleep patterns?, APA LO 5.1d

Topic: Variations in Sleep

 

45. According to research on sleep deprivation, a small amount of sleep loss ____
46. a) decreases cognitive ability.
47. b) is not a problem at all.
48. c) is a problem only for women, not men.
49. d) does not affect people older than age 12.

Answer: a

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Easy

Page Ref: 123

Textbook LO 4.8: What are the effects of sleep deprivation?, APA LO 5.3b

Topic: Sleep Deprivation

 

46. Researchers deprived one group of sleep for 35 hours and then gave them a verbal learning task. They compared brain activity between the sleep and no-sleep groups during the learning task. Which of the following was true of the no-sleep group compared to those that slept normally?
47. a) The no-sleep group had lower overall activity in their brain.
48. b) The no-sleep group had higher overall activity in their brain.
49. c) In the no-sleep group, the language perception areas of the temporal lobes were more active.
50. d) In the no-sleep group, the language perception areas of the temporal lobes were inactive.

Answer: d The sleep deprived group showed almost no activation of their language perception area and performed worse on the learning task, demonstrating cognitive impairment from sleep deprivation.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Difficult

Page Ref: 123

Textbook LO 4.8: What are the effects of sleep deprivation?, APA LO 5.3b

Topic: Sleep Deprivation

 

47. Dr. Khan has been on call at St. Joseph’s emergency room for the past thirty-six hours. What area in Dr. Khan’s brain will likely have increased activity levels to try to compensate for his sleep-deprived state?
48. a) parietal lobe
49. b) temporal lobe
50. c) occipital lobe
51. d) caudate nucleus

Answer: a

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 123

Textbook LO 4.8: What are the effects of sleep deprivation?, APA LO 5.3b

Topic: Sleep Deprivation

 

48. The difference in brain activation patterns between people who were deprived of sleep and people who slept normally show us that _____
49. a) learning is significantly impaired by sleep deprivation.
50. b) most people aren’t significantly affected by sleep deprivation.
51. c) because the brain works harder when sleep deprived, we may perform better.
52. d) because the prefrontal cortex shuts down, we can’t learn very well.

Answer: a Although areas of the brain may try to compensate, learning is impaired to a significant degree by sleep deprivation.

Skill Level: Conceptual

Difficulty: Difficult

Page Ref: 123

Textbook LO 4.8: What are the effects of sleep deprivation?, APA LO 5.3b

Topic: Sleep Deprivation

 

49. The _____ increase(s) activation when we are sleep-deprived, and can reduce impairment in learning to a small degree.
50. a) frontal cortex
51. b) parietal lobe
52. c) geniculate nucleus
53. d) occipital lobe

Answer: b

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Difficult

Page Ref: 123

Textbook LO 4.8: What are the effects of sleep deprivation?, APA LO 5.3b

Topic: Sleep Deprivation

 

50. Paige is a conscientious student. Even on the weekend, she never stays up past 2 a.m. to socialize. She works weekends from 7 a.m. to 3 p.m. and does not nap. On Monday, she has four classes. On Monday night, she goes to bed early, and the rest of the week she gets 7 to 8 hours of sleep. Which of the following is most likely?
51. a) There is no difference in her ability to learn on Monday compared to the rest of the week.
52. b) Her learning ability is impaired on Monday by sleep deprivation.
53. c) Her learning ability will peak on Monday after her refreshing weekend.
54. d) Her learning ability is improved Monday by having some recreation on weekend nights.

Answer: b

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Difficult

Page Ref: 123

Textbook LO 4.8: What are the effects of sleep deprivation?, APA LO 5.3b

Topic: Sleep Deprivation

 

51. _____ is the correct term for the group of sleep disturbances in which behaviors and physiological states that normally occur only in the waking state, take place during sleep.
52. a) Nightmares
53. b) Parasomnias
54. c) Sonambulences
55. d) Dyssomnias

Answer: b

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 123

Textbook LO 4.9: What are the various sleep disorders?, APA LO 5.1a

Topic: Sleep Disorders

 

52. About _____ of people report sleep problems.
53. a) half
54. b) one-third
55. c) one-tenth
56. d) three-fourths

Answer: b

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 123

Textbook LO 4.9: What are the various sleep disorders?, APA LO 5.1a

Topic: Sleep Disorders

 

53. _____ is the correct term for the group of sleep disorders that involve the timing, quantity, quality of sleep.
54. a) Parasomnias
55. b) Apneas
56. c) Insomnias
57. d) Dyssomnias

Answer: d

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 124

Textbook LO 4.9: What are the various sleep disorders?, APA LO 5.1a

Topic: Sleep Disorders

 

54. _____ is the scientific term for the sleep disorder in which a person talks in his/her sleep.
55. a) Sleep apnea
56. b) Somnambulism
57. c) Narcolepsy
58. d) Somniloquy

Answer: d

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 123

Textbook LO 4.9: What are the various sleep disorders?, APA LO 5.1a

Topic: Sleep Disorders

 

55. A(n) _____ is characterized by a sleeper who, while in Stage 4 sleep, springs up in his/her bed screaming, appears in a state of panic, then falls back to sleep within a few minutes having no memory of the event the next day.
56. a) nightmare
57. b) episode of sleep apnea
58. c) case of insomnia
59. d) sleep terror

Answer: d

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 123

Textbook LO 4.9: What are the various sleep disorders?, APA LO 5.1a

Topic: Sleep Disorders

 

56. A(n) _____ is characterized by an individual who, typically while in REM sleep, experiences frightening dream content that he/she remembers vividly upon waking.
57. a) nightmare
58. b) episode of sleep apnea
59. c) case of insomnia
60. d) sleep terror

Answer: a

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 123

Textbook LO 4.9: What are the various sleep disorders?, APA LO 5.1a

Topic: Sleep Disorders

 

57. Which of the following sleep disorders is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and uncontrollable attacks of REM sleep that usually last 10 to 20 minutes?
58. a) parasomnia
59. b) insomnia
60. c) somnambulism
61. d) narcolepsy

Answer: d

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 124

Textbook LO 4.9: What are the various sleep disorders?, APA LO 5.1a

Topic: Sleep Disorders

 

58. Kate is a well-respected, 15-year employee at a small office. Because her co-workers have known her for so long, they know that if she falls asleep in the middle of a meeting, they should just leave her alone until she wakes up a few minutes later. It is clear that her coworkers are aware that Kate suffers from _____
59. a) sleep terrors.
60. b) somniloquy.
61. c) REM rebound.
62. d) narcolepsy.

Answer: d Narcolepsy is the sleep disorder that results in sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep at any time of the day.

Skill Level: Applied

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 124

Textbook LO 4.9: What are the various sleep disorders?, APA LO 5.1a

Topic: Sleep Disorders

 

59. Which of the following correctly names the sleep disorder in which a person stops breathing numerous times throughout the night?
60. a) narcolepsy
61. b) mid-phase insomnia
62. c) sleep apnea
63. d) somnambulism

Answer: c

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 124

Textbook LO 4.9: What are the various sleep disorders?, APA LO 5.1a

Topic: Sleep Disorders

 

60. _____ is diagnosed when an individual has difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, has poor quality sleep, and/or wakes too early.
61. a) Narcolepsy
62. b) Restless leg syndrome
63. c) Insomnia
64. d) Sleep apnea

Answer: c

Skill Level: Factual

Difficulty: Moderate

Page Ref: 125

Textbook LO 4.9: What are the various sleep disorders?, APA LO 5.1a

Topic: Sleep Disorders