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Microbiology Fundamentals A Clinical Approach 3Rd edition By Marjorie Kelly Cowan – Test Bank
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Chapter 2 Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms
1) The Five I’s of studying microorganisms include all of the following except ________.
- A) inoculation
- B) incubation
- C) infection
- D) isolation
- E) identification
Answer: C
Section: 02.01
Topic: Identifying Microorganisms; Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).; 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
2) The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is ________.
- A) isolation
- B) inoculation
- C) immunization
- D) infection
- E) contamination
Answer: B
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
3) A pure culture contains ________.
- A) only one species of microorganism
- B) only bacteria
- C) a variety of microbes from one source
- D) a variety of species from the same genus
- E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: A
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
4) The correct microbiological term for the tiny sample of specimen that is put into a nutrient medium in order to produce a culture is the ________.
- A) colony
- B) inoculum
- C) streak
- D) loop
- E) incubator
Answer: B
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
5) Which of the following is essential for development of discrete, isolated colonies?
- A) Broth medium
- B) Differential medium
- C) Selective medium
- D) Solid medium
- E) Assay medium
Answer: D
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
6) Which method often results in colonies developing down throughout the agar along with some colonies on the surface?
- A) Streak plate
- B) Spread plate
- C) Pour plate
- D) All of the choices are correct.
- E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: C
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
7) What type of isolation technique is most effective for the majority of applications?
- A) Pour plate
- B) Streak plate
- C) Spread plate
- D) Loop dilution
- E) Culture plate
Answer: B
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
8) Which of the following will result when 1% to 5% agar is added to nutrient broth, boiled, and cooled?
- A) A pure culture
- B) A mixed culture
- C) A solid medium
- D) A liquid medium
- E) A contaminated medium
Answer: C
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).
9) Agar is an important component of media because ________.
- A) bacteria require agar to grow
- B) agar inhibits mold growth
- C) agar provides a solid surface for bacterial growth
- D) agar prevents contamination
- E) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: C
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).
10) The three physical forms of laboratory media are ________.
- A) solid, liquid, and gas
- B) solid, semisolid, and liquid
- C) streak plate, pour plate, and broth
- D) aerobic, anaerobic, and micro aerobic
- E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: B
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).
11) Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
- A) Petri dish
- B) Loop
- C) Needle
- D) Pipette
- E) Swab
Answer: A
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).; 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
12) Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) ________.
- A) green plant
- B) fungus
- C) mold
- D) algae
- E) euglena
Answer: D
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).
13) Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
- A) Has flexibility
- B) Holds moisture
- C) Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
- D) Is solid at room temperature
- E) Is digested by most microbes
Answer: E
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).; 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
14) A nutrient medium that has all of its chemical components identified, and their precise concentrations known and reproducible, would be termed ________.
- A) a complex media
- B) a reducing media
- C) an enriched media
- D) a chemically defined media
- E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: D
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
15) A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed ________.
- A) complex
- B) reducing
- C) enriched
- D) synthetic
- E) minimal
Answer: A
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
16) All of the following are examples of different types of microbiological media except ________.
- A) broth
- B) enriched
- C) agar
- D) petri dish
- E) selective
Answer: D
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).
17) Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
- A) Transport
- B) EMB
- C) Blood
- D) Thioglycollate
- E) General purpose
Answer: A
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 02. Understand
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).; 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
18) A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
- A) The microbiologist used too much inoculum.
- B) The culture is contaminated.
- C) The incubation temperature was incorrect.
- D) The culture medium must be selective.
- E) The culture medium must be differential.
Answer: D
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 03. Apply
ASM Topic: Module 07 Scientific Thinking; Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 07.01b Ability to apply the process of science: Analyze and interpret results from a variety of microbiological methods and apply these methods to analogous situations.; 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
19) A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ________.
- A) blood agar
- B) trypticase soy agar
- C) mannitol salt agar
- D) MacConkey medium
- E) a reducing medium
Answer: A
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms; Microbial Growth and Nutrition
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways; Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.; 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
20) A reducing medium contains ________.
- A) sugars that can be fermented
- B) extra oxygen
- C) hemoglobin, vitamins, or other growth factors
- D) substances that remove oxygen
- E) inhibiting agents
Answer: D
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).
21) Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
- A) Differential
- B) Selective
- C) Enumeration
- D) Enriched
- E) Reducing
Answer: A
Section: 02.01
Topic: Identifying Microorganisms; Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).
22) Differential media results in which of the following growth characteristics?
- A) Different color colonies
- B) Different media color post incubation
- C) Precipitates
- D) Gas bubbles
- E) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: E
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 02. Understand
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).
23) A reducing media is used to culture
- A) fastidious organisms.
- B) aerobicorganisms.
- C) anaerobic organisms.
- D) any pathogenic organisms.
- E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: C
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms; Microbial Growth and Nutrition
Bloom’s: 02. Understand
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways; Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.; 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).
24) For which bacterial genus does mannitol salt agar differentiate between species?
- A) Salmonella
- B) Streptococcus
- C) Neisseria
- D) Staphylococcus
- E) Escherichia
Answer: D
Section: 02.01
Topic: Identifying Microorganisms; Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 02. Understand
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).
25) A microbiologist must culture a patient’s feces for intestinal pathogens. Which of the following would likely be present in selective media for analyzing this fecal specimen?
- A) NaCl
- B) Sheep red blood cells
- C) Bile salts
- D) Thioglycollic acid
- E) Peptone
Answer: C
Section: 02.01
Topic: Identifying Microorganisms; Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 02. Understand
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).; 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
26) Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed ________.
- A) aerobic
- B) anaerobic
- C) fastidious
- D) microaerophilic
- E) autotrophic
Answer: C
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms; Microbial Growth and Nutrition
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
27) A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus aureus into a culture medium. Following incubation, both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcusepidermidis are determined to be growing in this culture. What is the most likely explanation?
- A) The microbiologist used too much inoculum.
- B) The culture is contaminated.
- C) The incubation temperature was incorrect.
- D) The culture medium must be selective.
- E) The culture medium must be differential.
Answer: B
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 03. Apply
ASM Topic: Module 07 Scientific Thinking; Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).; 07.01b Ability to apply the process of science: Analyze and interpret results from a variety of microbiological methods and apply these methods to analogous situations.; 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
28) Newly inoculated cultures must be ________ at a specific temperature to encourage growth.
- A) streaked
- B) poured
- C) incubated
- D) contaminated
- E) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: C
Section: 02.01
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms; Microbial Growth and Nutrition
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways; Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.; 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.; 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
29) A rod-shaped bacterium is measured as 0.3 micrometers (μm) in length using an ocular micrometer. Your instructor wants you to report the length in millimeters (mm) to test your understanding of metric conversions. What is the length of the organism in millimeters?
- A) 0.0003 mm
- B) 300 mm
- C) 0.03 mm
- D) 3 mm
Answer: A
Section: 02.02
Topic: Microscopy
Bloom’s: 02. Understand
ASM Topic: Module 07 Scientific Thinking
ASM Objective: 07.02 Ability to use quantitative reasoning: Use mathematical reasoning and graphing skills to solve problems in microbiology.
30) An enveloped virus measures 0.02 micrometers (μm) in diameter. What is the diameter of this virus in nanometers (nm)?
- A) 20 nm
- B) 0.00002 nm
- C) 2 nm
- D) 0.2 nm
Answer: A
Section: 02.02
Topic: Microscopy
Bloom’s: 02. Understand
ASM Topic: Module 07 Scientific Thinking
ASM Objective: 07.02 Ability to use quantitative reasoning: Use mathematical reasoning and graphing skills to solve problems in microbiology.
31) The ________ of the microscope holds and allows selection of the objective lenses.
- A) stage
- B) condenser
- C) objective
- D) ocular
- E) nosepiece
Answer: E
Section: 02.02
Topic: Microscopy
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast).; 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
32) Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
- A) Condenser
- B) Objective lens
- C) Ocular lens
- D) Body
- E) Nosepiece
Answer: B
Section: 02.02
Topic: Microscopy
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast).; 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
33) Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its virtual image?
- A) Objective lens
- B) Ocular lens
- C) Condenser
- D) Body
- E) Iris diaphragm
Answer: B
Section: 02.02
Topic: Microscopy
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast).; 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
34) Which of the following controls the amount of light entering the specimen?
- A) Objective lens
- B) Ocular lens
- C) Condenser
- D) Body
- E) Iris diaphragm
Answer: E
Section: 02.02
Topic: Microscopy
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast).; 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
35) If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950x, what is the magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10x?
- A) 100x
- B) 950x
- C) 85x
- D) 850x
- E) 95x
Answer: E
Section: 02.02
Topic: Microscopy
Bloom’s: 02. Understand
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast).; 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
36) Magnification is achieved in a compound microscope through the initial magnification of the specimen by the ________ lens. This image is then projected to the ________ lens that will further magnify the specimen to form a virtual image received by the eye.
- A) ocular; objective
- B) scanning; objective
- C) objective; ocular
- D) ocular; oil
- E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: C
Section: 02.02
Topic: Microscopy
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast).; 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
37) Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope’s ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
- A) Resolving power
- B) Magnification
- C) Refraction
- D) All of the choices are correct.
- E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: A
Section: 02.02
Topic: Microscopy
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast).; 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
38) All of the following are diameters of cells that would be resolved in a microscope with a 0.2 µm limit of resolution except ________.
- A) 0.2 µm
- B) 0.2 mm
- C) 0.1 µm
- D) 0.3 µm
- E) 2.0 µm
Answer: C
Section: 02.02
Topic: Microscopy
Bloom’s: 02. Understand
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast).; 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
39) The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is ________.
- A) bright field
- B) dark field
- C) phase contrast
- D) fluorescence
- E) electron
Answer: B
Section: 02.02
Topic: Microscopy
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast).; 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
40) Which type of microscope shows cells against a bright background but also differentiates intracellular structures of unstained cells based on their varying densities?
- A) Bright field
- B) Dark field
- C) Phase contrast
- D) Differential interference
- E) Electron
Answer: C
Section: 02.02
Topic: Microscopy
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast).; 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
41) Which type of microscope is the most widely used and shows cells against a bright background?
- A) Bright field
- B) Dark field
- C) Phase contrast
- D) Fluorescence
- E) Electron
Answer: A
Section: 02.02
Topic: Microscopy
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast).; 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
42) All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ________.
- A) it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
- B) it is a type of compound microscope
- C) it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
- D) it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
- E) it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
Answer: A
Section: 02.02
Topic: Microscopy
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast).; 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
43) A confocal scanning microscope ________.
- A) uses visible light to form a specimen image
- B) shows three-dimensional cell images from the cell surface to the middle of the cell
- C) produces specimen images on electron micrographs
- D) uses dyes that emit visible light when bombarded by electrons
- E) requiresspecimens to be stained
Answer: B
Section: 02.02
Topic: Microscopy
Bloom’s: 02. Understand
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast).; 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
44) Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
- A) Bright field
- B) Dark field
- C) Phase contrast
- D) Fluorescence
- E) Electron
Answer: E
Section: 02.02
Topic: Microscopy
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast).; 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
45) Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification?
- A) Bright field
- B) Dark field
- C) Phase contrast
- D) Fluorescence
- E) Electron
Answer: E
Section: 02.02
Topic: Microscopy
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast).; 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
46) Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
- A) Differential interference contrast
- B) Scanning electron
- C) Transmission electron
- D) Phase contrast
- E) Fluorescence
Answer: B
Section: 02.02
Topic: Microscopy
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
47) The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ________.
- A) hanging drop
- B) fixed stained smear
- C) Gram stain
- D) negative stain
- E) flagellar stain
Answer: A
Section: 02.02
Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast).
48) The purpose of staining cells on a microscope slide is to ________.
- A) kill them
- B) secure them to the slide
- C) enlarge the cells
- D) add contrast in order to see them better
- E) see motility
Answer: D
Section: 02.02
Topic: Microscopy; Preparing Microscopy Specimens
Bloom’s: 02. Understand
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast).
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach, 3e (Cowan)
Chapter 4 Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms
1) Protists include ________.
- A) yeasts and molds
- B) algae and protozoa
- C) helminths
- D) All of the choices are correct.
- E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: B
Section: 04.01
Topic: Protozoans; Algae; Taxonomy of Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution
ASM Objective: 01.05 The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in phylogenetic trees.
2) The first primitive eukaryotic cells likely evolved from ________.
- A) archaea
- B) bacteria
- C) prokaryotes
- D) the last common ancestor
- E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: D
Section: 04.01
Topic: Cellular Organization
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution
ASM Objective: 01.01 Cells, organelles (e.g., mitochondria and chloroplasts) and all major metabolic pathways evolved from early prokaryotic cells.
3) Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in the cells of bacteria?
- A) Nucleus
- B) Mitochondria
- C) Endoplasmic reticulum
- D) Lysosomes
- E) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: E
Section: 04.02
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function
Bloom’s: 02. Understand
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
4) Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
- A) are used for cell motility
- B) facilitate chemotaxis
- C) facilitate phototaxis
- D) are long, whiplike structures
- E) contain microtubules
Answer: E
Section: 04.02
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function
Bloom’s: 02. Understand
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
5) Cilia are structures for motility found primarily in ________.
- A) protozoa
- B) algae
- C) fungi
- D) bacteria
- E) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: A
Section: 04.04
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function; Protozoans
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
6) There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of ________ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
- A) filaments
- B) microtubules
- C) flagella
- D) cilia
- E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: B
Section: 04.02
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
7) Cell walls are not usually found in ________.
- A) protozoa
- B) algae
- C) fungi
- D) bacteria
- E) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: A
Section: 04.04
Topic: Protozoans
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
8) The eukaryotic cell’s glycocalyx is ________.
- A) mostly polysaccharide
- B) the site where many metabolic reactions occur
- C) also called the cell wall
- D) composed of lipids
- E) protection against osmotic lysis
Answer: A
Section: 04.02
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
9) Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryote glycocalyx?
- A) Protection
- B) Adherence
- C) Movement
- D) Reception of chemical signals
- E) All of the choices are functions.
Answer: C
Section: 04.02
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
10) Chitin is a chemical component of the cell walls of ________.
- A) protozoa
- B) algae
- C) fungi
- D) bacteria
- E) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: C
Section: 04.03
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function; Fungi
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
11) The eukaryote cell membrane is composed of ________.
- A) sterols
- B) proteins
- C) phospholipids
- D) cholesterol
- E) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: E
Section: 04.02
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
12) The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ________.
- A) ribosome
- B) nucleolus
- C) nucleus
- D) Golgi apparatus
- E) lysosome
Answer: B
Section: 04.02
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
13) When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the ________.
- A) nuclear envelope
- B) nucleosome
- C) nucleolus
- D) nucleoplasm
- E) chromatin
Answer: E
Section: 04.02
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
14) Histones are ________.
- A) found in polyribosomes
- B) enzymes found in lysosomes
- C) proteins of the cytoskeleton
- D) proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
- E) on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: D
Section: 04.02
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
15) The passageways in the nuclear envelope for movement of substances to and from the nucleus and cytoplasm are called nuclear ________.
- A) histones
- B) chromatin
- C) pores
- D) endoplasmic reticulum
- E) inclusions
Answer: C
Section: 04.02
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
16) The cell’s series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the ________.
- A) mitochondria
- B) lysosomes
- C) Golgi apparatus
- D) chloroplasts
- E) endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: E
Section: 04.02
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
17) An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
- A) mitochondria
- B) lysosome
- C) Golgi apparatus
- D) chloroplast
- E) endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: C
Section: 04.02
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
18) Protists with contractile vacuoles ________.
- A) are algae
- B) use them to expel excess water from the cell
- C) typically live in salty seawater
- D) use them for motility
- E) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: B
Section: 04.04
Topic: Protozoans
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
19) A(n) ________ originates from the Golgi apparatus as one type of vesicle that contains a variety of enzymes for intracellular digestion.
- A) perixosome
- B) lysosome
- C) magnetosome
- D) inclusion
- E) ribosome
Answer: B
Section: 04.02
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
20) Which organelle contains cristae where enzymes and electron carriers for aerobic respiration are found?
- A) Mitochondria
- B) Lysosomes
- C) Golgi apparatus
- D) Chloroplasts
- E) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: A
Section: 04.02
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
21) Mitochondria possess all of the following except ________.
- A) enzymes for metabolism
- B) cristae
- C) electron transport chain proteins
- D) enzymes for photosynthesis
- E) 70S ribosomes (prokaryote)
Answer: D
Section: 04.02
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function
Bloom’s: 02. Understand
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
22) Which organelle is found in algae but not found in protozoa or fungi?
- A) Mitochondria
- B) Lysosome
- C) Golgi apparatus
- D) Chloroplast
- E) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: D
Section: 04.02
Topic: Algae
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
23) The size of a eukaryotic cell ribosome is ________.
- A) 30S
- B) 40S
- C) 50S
- D) 70S
- E) 80S
Answer: E
Section: 04.02
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
24) Which of the following is not true of the cytoskeleton?
- A) Structural framework for the cell
- B) Anchor points for organelles
- C) Made up of microfilaments
- D) Made up of microtubules
- E) Made up of cilia
Answer: E
Section: 04.02
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
25) In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the ________ and on the surface of the ________.
- A) cytoplasm; Golgi apparatus
- B) nucleus; Golgi apparatus
- C) cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum
- D) nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: C
Section: 04.02
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
26) The cytoskeleton ________.
- A) anchors organelles
- B) provides support
- C) functions in movements of the cytoplasm
- D) helps maintain cell shape
- E) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: E
Section: 04.02
Topic: Eukaryotic Structure/Function
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
27) Filamentous fungi are called ________.
- A) pseudohyphae
- B) septa
- C) molds
- D) dimorphic
- E) mycelium
Answer: C
Section: 04.03
Topic: Fungi
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
28) When buds remain attached, they form a chain of yeast cells called ________.
- A) pseudohyphae
- B) septa
- C) molds
- D) dimorphic
- E) mycelium
Answer: A
Section: 04.03
Topic: Fungi
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
29) Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called ________.
- A) dimorphic
- B) saprobes
- C) pseudohyphae
- D) spores
- E) parasites
Answer: A
Section: 04.03
Topic: Fungi
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations).
30) Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
- A) Have cell walls
- B) Photosynthetic
- C) Include single-celled and filamentous forms
- D) Heterotrophic nutrition
- E) Can use a wide variety of nutrients
Answer: B
Section: 04.03
Topic: Fungi
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
31) The long, threadlike branching cells of molds are called ________.
- A) conidiophores
- B) pseudohyphae
- C) hyphae
- D) septate
- E) ascus
Answer: C
Section: 04.03
Topic: Fungi
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
32) Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called ________.
- A) saprobes
- B) parasites
- C) substrates
- D) nonseptate
- E) dimorphic
Answer: A
Section: 04.03
Topic: Fungi; Microbial Nutrition
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways; Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms
ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.; 06.01 Microbes are essential for life as we know it and the processes that support life (e.g., in biogeochemical cycles and plant and/or animal microflora).
33) The woven, intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body of a mold is a ________.
- A) septum
- B) rhizoid
- C) spore
- D) bud
- E) mycelium
Answer: E
Section: 04.03
Topic: Fungi
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
34) Fungal infections are known as ________ and can be acquired from environmental or clinical sources.
- A) secondary infections
- B) vegetative infections
- C) mycoses
- D) saprobic infections
- E) parasitoses
Answer: C
Section: 04.03
Topic: Fungi
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways.
35) During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ________.
- A) endospore
- B) cyst
- C) seed
- D) trophozoite
- E) sporozoa
Answer: B
Section: 04.04
Topic: Protozoans
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
36) All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
- A) motility
- B) ectoplasm and endoplasm
- C) heterotrophic nutrition
- D) formation of a cyst stage
- E) cell wall
Answer: E
Section: 04.04
Topic: Protozoans
Bloom’s: 02. Understand
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
37) The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the ________.
- A) trophozoite
- B) cyst
- C) sporozoite
- D) oocyst
- E) food vacuole
Answer: A
Section: 04.04
Topic: Protozoans
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
38) The group of protozoa that have flagella are the ________.
- A) sarcodina
- B) ciliophora
- C) mastigophora
- D) apicomplexa
- E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: C
Section: 04.04
Topic: Protozoans
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
39) The group of protozoa that have gliding motility are the ________.
- A) amoeba/sarcodina
- B) ciliophora
- C) mastigophora
- D) apicomplexa/sporozoa
- E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: D
Section: 04.04
Topic: Protozoans
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
40) The group of protozoa that use pseudopodia to move are the ________.
- A) sarcodina
- B) ciliophora
- C) mastigophora
- D) apicomplexa
- E) None of the choices is correct.
Answer: A
Section: 04.04
Topic: Protozoans
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
41) Which is mismatched?
- A) Giardia — causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
- B) Histoplasma — fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
- C) Trichomonas — sexually transmitted vaginal infection
- D) Plasmodium — protozoan that causes Chagas disease
- E) Naegleria — amoeba that causes brain infection
Answer: D
Section: 04.03; 04.04
Topic: Protozoans; Transmission of Infections; Epidemiology; Fungi
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways.
42) Protozoan endoplasm contains ________.
- A) ectoplasm
- B) mitochondria
- C) flagella
- D) oral groves
- E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: B
Section: 04.04
Topic: Protozoans
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
43) Protozoan cysts ________.
- A) are part of all protozoan life cycles
- B) are necessary for transmission to a new host
- C) are helpful in surviving unfavorable conditions
- D) are the primary form of replication
- E) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: C
Section: 04.04
Topic: Protozoans
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
44) Amoebiasis (amoebic dysentery) is most commonly contracted through the ________.
- A) fecal-oral route from contaminated food or water
- B) direct transmission from one host to another
- C) puncture wounds
- D) insect bites
- E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: A
Section: 04.04
Topic: Protozoans; Transmission of Infections
Bloom’s: 02. Understand
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways.
45) All of the following are helminths except ________.
- A) pinworms
- B) flukes
- C) trypanosomes
- D) roundworms
- E) tapeworms
Answer: C
Section: 04.05
Topic: Helminths
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution
ASM Objective: 01.05 The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in phylogenetic trees.
46) Which of the following does not pertain to helminths?
- A) In kingdom Protista
- B) Parasitic worms
- C) Eggs and sperm used for reproduction
- D) Often alternate hosts in complex life cycles
- E) Have various organ systems
Answer: A
Section: 04.05
Topic: Helminths
Bloom’s: 02. Understand
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
47) Larvae and eggs are developmental forms of ________.
- A) protozoa
- B) algae
- C) helminths
- D) fungi
- E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: C
Section: 04.05
Topic: Helminths
Bloom’s: 01. Remember
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
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