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The West in the World 5th Edition by Dennis Sherman – Test Bank
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Chapter 2
The Contest for Excellence
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- The source of a fundamental characteristic of Western civilization—the call for rational inquiry—was a philosopher of
- Persia.
- Greece.
- Spain.
- England.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 41
- The epic poem the Iliad, which recounts the prowess and anger of Achilles, was composed by
- Homer.
- Hesiod
- Herodotus.
- Minos.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 42
- The best-excavated and best-known Minoan palace on the island of Crete is
- Phaestos.
- Knossos.
- Delos.
- Thera.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 42
- The Minoan civilization
- was centered in Mesopotamia.
- had artists who often painted frescoes featuring religious rituals.
- was destroyed by the Middle Kingdom of Egypt.
- produced, as its greatest military leader, Alexander the Great.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 44
- The epics of Homer are set in the period of Greek history called the
- Sumerian Age.
- Dark Ages.
- Mycenaean Ages.
- Stone Age.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 46
- The Mycenaean civilization was
- not self-sufficient and had to trade for many valuable commodities.
- depicted many years later in the Homeric epics.
- an ancestor of later Greek civilization.
- All these answers are correct.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 46
- Which of the following was NOT a result of the widespread violence and movement of peoples in the eastern Mediterranean around 1200 B.C.E.?
- a besieged and weakened Egyptian Empire
- the Trojan War and destruction of Troy
- the establishment of democracy at Athens
- the decline of Mycenaean civilization and its invasion by Dorian Greeks
Answer: C
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 46
- The Greek Dark Ages commenced when
- the Mycenaean culture collapsed.
- the eruption of the volcano on Thera caused dust that dimmed the sun.
- glaciers from the Ice Age spread all over Greece.
- Homer died, leaving his epics unfinished.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 46
- A major occurrence at the end of the Greek Dark Ages and beginning of classic Greek civilization was the
- Trojan War.
- spread of Greek colonies over much of the Mediterranean and Black Sea shorelines.
- conquest of Alexander the Great.
- triumph of democracy in Athens.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 46
- Although the Greeks learned many things from earlier civilizations, the philosopher Plato said the
- Greeks didn’t really need to learn anything.
- earlier civilizations had not invented anything useful.
- Greek gods had taught all those things to earlier civilizations.
- Greeks turned those things into something finer.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 47
- The Greek gods
- resembled human beings.
- shared the same virtues and defects as mankind.
- periodically interfered in human affairs.
- All these answers are correct.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 49
- The oracle at Delphi reputedly received messages from the god
- Apollo.
- Zeus.
- Athena.
- Poseidon.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 49
- The Greek invention of philosophy, or the search for knowledge, involved the idea that
- the world and the cosmos were accessible to human reason and based on natural laws.
- all could be learned by studying the texts of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia.
- the gods would reveal all knowledge according to their own plan.
- people could hasten the acquisition of knowledge by increasing religious sacrifices.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 51
- Which of the following was NOT one of the early Greek philosophers or scientists?
- Pythagoras
- Gilgamesh
- Democritus
- Thales
Answer: B
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 51
- Which of the following was NOT among the changes that expansion of Greek trade had initiated by 700 B.C.E.?
- More citizens could afford to arm themselves, making aristocratic warriors less important.
- A new prosperity created a middle class that owed no loyalty to aristocratic landowners.
- Aristocrats lost their privileged positions in politics.
- Kings strengthened their absolute power by controlling the expanded wealth.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 52
- Tyrant was the name given to
- an elected leader of a democratic state.
- a king who ruled in a cruel manner.
- a ruler who used physical force rather than hereditary right or constitutional means to seize power.
- an aristocratic ruler who cared only about the interests of his own class.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 52
- The Greek city-state was called a
- polis.
- pyramid.
- civitas.
- county.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 53
- Respectable Athenian women
- traveled widely in the Greek world.
- tended to stay within the home, presiding over spinning and weaving.
- undertook regular gymnastic exercises.
- regularly took part in civic affairs.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 53
- Bisexual relationships were common in Greek society because
- men spent great amounts of time together.
- male/male relationships were thought to offer the highest possibilities for love and intellectual development.
- many men feared female sexuality.
- All these answers are correct.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 54
- The purpose of Solon’s reforms was to
- ensure that only men of aristocratic birth would control Athens.
- return Athens to a Mycenaean-style monarchy.
- open up participation in government to the newly wealthy.
- establish himself securely as a tyrant.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 55
- The Greek political reformer Cleisthenes
- wrote epic poetry.
- established an Athenian constitution with many democratic features.
- preached equal rights for Athenian women.
- became a tutor to Alexander the Great.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 55
- Athenian democracy differed from modern democracy in many ways, with several groups excluded. Which of the following were NOT excluded?
- women
- slaves
- metics, or resident foreigners.
- poor people
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 56
- The Greek polis known for its emphasis on military training was
- Athens.
- Rome.
- Sparta.
- Corinth.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 57
- Sparta developed a strict military state and society in order to
- keep their conquered people, or helots, in subjugation and slavery.
- train their artists to create simple but powerful images.
- compete victoriously in the Olympic Games.
- dominate the trade and commerce of the entire Greek world.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 57
- Spartan society
- emphasized soft living rather than military values.
- gave women considerably more public freedom than other city-states, including athletic training.
- was more democratic than Athens.
- worshiped the Hebrew God Yahweh.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 57
- Which of the following is NOT true of the Olympic Games?
- Men and women could compete together in some events.
- They were pan-Hellenic, or open to Greeks from any polis.
- They were a religious festival in honor of Zeus.
- Victorious athletes were richly rewarded with honor and free meals.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 58
- Which of the following Persian War battles was a Persian, rather than Greek, victory?
- Salamis
- Marathon
- Thermopylae
- Plataea
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 60
- During the Persian Wars,
- Athens defeated Sparta.
- Xerxes of Persia conquered Greece, ending Athenian democracy.
- Athens and Sparta invaded Persia and destroyed the Persian Empire.
- None of these answers is correct.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 59-61
- The great historian of the Persian Wars, justifiably known as the “father of Western history,” was
- Homer.
- Archimedes.
- Herodotus.
- Sargon.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 61
- The Delian League, a maritime union organized to defend the Aegean against Persia, soon became a(n) ________ empire.
- Spartan.
- Athenian.
- Egyptian.
- Miletus.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 61
- Which of the following applies to Pericles, the architect of Athens’s Golden Age?
- He was elected chief strategos, or commander, from 443 to 429 B.C.E.
- He provided the leadership for the rebuilding of the Acropolis.
- He advocated the supremacy of Athens over other members of the Delian League.
- All these answers are correct.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 62
- The major leader of Athenian democracy after the Persian Wars was
- Homer.
- Pericles.
- Sappho.
- Pythagoras.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 62
- The themes of the Greek theater centered on issues of
- fate.
- religion.
- politics.
- All these answers are correct.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 64
- The Theban Plays of Sophocles are an illustration that the great Athenian playwrights
- preferred shallow sensationalism to serious drama.
- preferred to set their plays in exotic locations far from Greece.
- wrote only comedies.
- tried to explore complex moral issues.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 64-65
- According to Thucydides, the Peloponnesian War was caused by
- Athens’s attack on Sparta to free the helots.
- Persia’s desire to conquer the Peloponnesus for its rich mines.
- Sparta’s fear of Athens’s growing power.
- Sparta’s attempt to stop Athens from imposing monarchy on all Greek states.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 65
- The historian who wrote about the Peloponnesian War was
- Thucydides.
- Homer.
- Plato.
- Pythagoras.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 65
- Which of the following was NOT an advantage for Athens in the war with Sparta?
- the best land army in Greece
- naval control of the Aegean
- long walls protecting harbor and city
- wealth and supplies from seaborne trade
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 65-66
- What was Athens’s response to the Melians’ insistence that they and their island remain neutral in the Peloponnesian War?
- The Athenians killed all the men and enslaved the women and children.
- The Athenians respected the Melians’ neutrality.
- The Athenians allowed the Spartans to destroy the island and its people.
- The Athenians constructed a military base on the island but largely allowed the Melians to go about their affairs unharmed.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 66
- Socrates believed that
- there are no standards of truth and justice; only success counts.
- wisdom lies in the endless search for knowledge.
- Alcibiades should have conquered the world.
- all philosophical questions are meaningless.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 69
- The Greek philosopher who argued that the world of the senses was only a shadow of ultimate reality was
- Ashurbanipal.
- Homer.
- Alcibiades.
- Plato.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 69
- Unlike Plato, Aristotle
- argued that one had to observe and study actual entities rather than seek out ideal forms.
- believed that monarchy was the best form of government for a polis.
- rejected the study of logic.
- believed mathematics was the ultimate route to all knowledge.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 69
- Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the comedies of Aristophanes?
- ruthless criticism of contemporary Athens
- the use of costumes and crude humor
- the exaltation of military values
- expression of a longing for peace
Answer: C
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 70-71
- The tragedies of Euripides
- exalted Athenian imperialism.
- asked Athenians to reflect on their own actions during the Peloponnesian War.
- emphasized sexual jokes and bathroom humor.
- poked fun at Sparta.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 70
- Hippocrates, considered the father of modern Western medicine, taught that
- good health depends on prayers to the gods.
- different people contract different diseases according to their genetic makeup.
- all diseases have natural causes that can be discovered by observation.
- all diseases are caused by mental and not physical conditions.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 71
- During the half-century following the Peloponnesian War,
- the major poleis recovered their original power and cultural vitality.
- the Persians conquered Greece and made it into a province.
- the Greeks united into a single state under the leadership of Sparta.
- constant warfare among the poleis weakened Greece politically and culturally.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 71-72
TRUE/FALSE
- The Greeks were fortunate in having a large plain and river so that they could be united in one great empire.
Answer: False
Page: 42
- The Minoans engaged in no trade, instead depending entirely on agriculture.
Answer: False
Page: 43
- Mycenaean civilization was greatly influenced by the Minoans.
Answer: True
Page: 45
- Unlike Minoan palaces, Mycenaean palaces were walled, indicating much warfare.
Answer: True
Page: 45
- Homer’s epics accurately describe events in prehistoric Greece.
Answer: False
Page: 48
- The tension between heroic aspiration and dangerous individual pride became a prominent theme throughout the history of the ancient Greeks.
Answer: True
Page: 51
- The Greeks based their alphabet on that of the Egyptians.
Answer: False
Page: 47
- Greek philosophers made the first attempts to understand and explain the world in a scientific, philosophical manner.
Answer: True
Page: 51
- The citizen of a Greek polis thought of himself as a subject of a high king and his priests.
Answer: False
Page: 53
- The Greek polis noted for its cultural sophistication was Sparta.
Answer: False
Page: 57
- Cleisthenes’s major political innovation was to redistrict the city in such a way that old alliances of geography and clan in the Assembly were broken.
Answer: True
Page: 55-56
- The Greek polis noted for its promotion of military courage was Athens.
Answer: False
Page: 57
- Athens refused to assist Miletus in the Persian Wars.
Answer: False
Page: 59
- The Persian Wars ended with Greek victories on both land and sea.
Answer: True
Page: 60-61
- Athens converted the Delian League into an empire by forbidding the members to withdraw and by controlling the League treasury.
Answer: True
Page: 61
- Pericles was an aristocrat who ruled Athens in a despotic fashion.
Answer: False
Page: 62
- The Theban Plays of Sophocles revolve around the myths of Oedipus and his family.
Answer: True
Page: 64-65
- Athens established itself as the supreme ruler of Greece by defeating Sparta in the Peloponnesian War.
Answer: False
Page: 66
- Plato did not believe that democratic government was fit for the ideal state.
Answer: True
Page: 69
- Unlike Plato, Aristotle believed in the study of the everyday world, not in the study of ideal forms.
Answer: True
Page: 69
- The Greek theater of the fifth century B.C.E. primarily concerned itself with light comic themes.
Answer: False
Page: 70
- Hippocrates believed that all diseases had natural causes.
Answer: True
Page: 71
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK
- Minoan civilization arose on the island of ________.
Answer: Crete
Page: 42
- The mainland Greek civilization of 2000–1100 B.C.E. influenced by the Minoans was centered in the city of ________.
Answer: Mycenae
Page: 45
- The Iliad and the Odyssey were written by the poet ________.
Answer: Homer
Page: 48
- ________ was an early Greek astronomer and mathematician.
Answer: Pythagoras
Page: 51
- The normal term for the Greek city-state was the ________.
Answer: polis
Page: 53
- The ________ was a new kind of Greek leader that appeared after 650 B.C.E. and ruled by power rather than by hereditary right.
Answer: tyrant
Page: 52
- ________ was the leading democratic and commercial city of Greece.
Answer: Athens
Page: 54-55
- ________ was the leading military city of Greece.
Answer: Sparta
Page: 57
- The pan-Hellenic games every four years in honor of Zeus are referred to as the ________ Games.
Answer: Olympic
Page: 58
- In Greece, government by an inner few, common in many cities, was called ________.
Answer: oligarchy
Page: 53
- While Athens developed an early form of democracy, Corinth and many other small poleis had an ________.
Answer: oligarchy
Page: 53
- In 490 B.C.E., the Athenians defeated the forces of the Persian king Darius on the plain of ________.
Answer: Marathon
Page: 60
- ________ is known as the “father of Western history” for his monumental history on the background and conduct of the Persian Wars.
Answer: Herodotus
Page: 61
- Elected military commander every year from 443 to 429 B.C.E., ________ was the leader of Athens during its Golden Age.
Answer: Pericles
Page: 62
- The largest temple on the Athenian Acropolis, dedicated to Athena, was the ________.
Answer: Parthenon
Page: 63
- Sophocles’ most famous work of the theater was about King ________ of Thebes, who kills his father and marries his mother.
Answer: Oedipus
Page: 64
- The war between Athens and Sparta from 431 to 404 B.C.E. is known as the ________ War.
Answer: Peloponnesian
Page: 65
- The man who wrote of the war between Athens and Sparta, and analyzed the destruction of democracy and civic virtue during times of violence, was ________.
Answer: Thucydides
Page: 65
- The philosopher ________ developed a teaching method of questioning and refuting and was put to death by the Athenians for supposedly corrupting the young.
Answer: Socrates
Page: 69
- ________ wrote The Republic, in which he outlined the perfect state, ruled by philosopher kings.
Answer: Plato
Page: 69
- ________ organized knowledge into categories that were used for over a thousand years, teaching that learning resulted only from the study of actual phenomena.
Answer: Aristotle
Page: 69
- The father of medicine, whose oath is still taken by today’s doctors, was ________.
Answer: Hippocrates
Page: 71
ESSAY
- What were the differences between the Minoans and Mycenaeans, and what influence did they have on each other?
- How did Solon’s reforms change the political structure of Athens? How did the Constitution of Cleisthenes build on those reforms?
- How did a Greek polis differ from a Mesopotamian or Egyptian kingdom?
- How did the structure of Greek society affect sexual relationships for both men and women?
- What factors or events brought about the Greek Dark Ages? What changes helped Greek society emerge from the Dark Ages?
- What factors led to Athens converting the Delian League into an empire?
- Compare the strengths and weaknesses of Athens and Sparta in the Peloponnesian War. What were the events that led to Athens’s defeat?
- Compare and contrast Sparta and Athens politically, economically, culturally, and socially. Which of the two has had the greater influence on the modern world, and why? What was the difference between the roles played by Spartan and Athenian women, and why?
- Compare and contrast the philosophies of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Which has had the most influence on the modern world, and why?
- The Athenian tragedians Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides explored the relationship between mankind and the gods, the nature of justice and virtue, and the role of “hubris” in the downfall of men. Discuss, giving examples from their works that illustrate the tragic conflicts.
- Compare the Greek and ancient Near Eastern civilizations. What did the Greeks accomplish that the latter did not? What did the Near Eastern states accomplish that the Greeks did not? What common accomplishments did they have?
Chapter 4
Pride in Family and City
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- The city-state that ultimately gained control of the entire Mediterranean was
- Rome.
- Athens.
- Carthage.
- Sparta.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 103
- The Roman historian Livy attributed the success of the Romans to
- the great mineral wealth of Italy.
- the large physical size of the Roman people.
- their upright character.
- the weakness of all the people they conquered.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 103
- Which of the following was NOT an advantage of the site of Rome?
- being on a river with access to both sea and interior
- being situated around large plains that facilitated communication
- being high in the mountains, protected from attack
- being in an area that received abundant rainfall
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 104
- The neighboring people that most influenced the Romans’ early development were the
- Etruscans.
- Greeks.
- Gauls.
- Phoenicians.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 105
- Not all Romans supported overthrow of the Etruscan monarchy; many in the lower classes relied on the kings to
- control the Roman aristocracy, or patricians.
- battle the neighboring Greek states.
- keep the plebeians in line.
- repel invasions by the Gauls.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 106
- The Roman Republic established in 509 B.C.E. was
- a fully democratic government.
- an oligarchy controlled by the rich patricians.
- a socialist regime, with property being equally distributed.
- indirectly controlled by neighboring Etruscan kings.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 107
- The equestrians were
- wealthy plebeians.
- poor plebeians.
- patricians with political power.
- patricians that dropped to the status of plebeians.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 107
- The “Struggle of the Orders” was between
- Roman patricians and Etruscan patricians.
- Roman patricians and plebeians.
- merchants and farmers.
- civilians and soldiers.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 107
- The “Struggle of the Orders” in ancient Rome resulted in
- the establishment of a permanent dictatorship.
- three main social classes: patricians, equestrians, and poor plebeians.
- the sack of Rome by the Visigoths.
- the massacre of patricians by plebeians.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 107
- The system of patrons and clients in the Roman Republic shows that in practice, government depended heavily on
- detailed law codes.
- informal relations among people.
- the will of the dictator.
- mob rule.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 108
- According to Cicero, Romans, compared to other peoples, were superior because of their
- warlike tendencies.
- reverence for the gods.
- individualistic nature.
- loyalty to their families.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 110
- Which of the following is NOT true about the city of Rome during the later Republic?
- The Forum was both the economic and the political center of the city.
- The Subura was the most notorious slum in the city.
- Rome became famous for its clean, efficient disposal of sewage.
- There were numerous public baths that catered separately to men and women.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 113-114
- The Romans created a united community during their conquest of Italy by
- granting full or partial citizenship to various Latin communities.
- granting self-government to peoples as long as they supplied troops to Rome and followed Roman foreign policy.
- placing strategic colonies of Roman citizens throughout the peninsula.
- All these answers are correct.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 110
- Roman religion was
- monotheistic.
- filled with individual gods and goddesses for practically everything.
- restricted to the worship of Jupiter and Juno.
- a mystery cult, open only to those who had been initiated into the secret rituals.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 110-111
- In the Roman family,
- fathers were the primary authority.
- ancestors as well as household spirits were worshiped.
- women could wield some political influence through their sons.
- All these answers are correct.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 112
- Roman children were
- highly valued, regardless of sex or state of health.
- given the right to express themselves freely as individuals.
- carefully shaped and disciplined to be obedient and embody Roman values.
- not valued, since they interfered with pleasurable living.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 113
- What activity would one likely find at the bath houses, besides bathing?
- massage
- socializing
- exercising
- All these answers are correct.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 114
- The traditional soldier in the Roman army was a
- mercenary, fighting for hire.
- tax-paying citizen of Rome.
- native of one of the conquered Italian communities.
- member of the poor, non-landowner class of citizens.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 114
- Carthage was founded by the
- Phoenicians.
- Greeks.
- Egyptians.
- Etruscans.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 115
- The city of Carthage
- began as a Greek colony.
- had an extensive trading network in the Mediterranean and Africa.
- was ruled by its great king, Gilgamesh, at the time of the Punic Wars.
- won the Punic Wars.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 115-116
- The First Punic War began with a struggle over the city of Messana, in
- Sicily.
- Spain.
- northern Italy.
- Greece.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 116
- In order to fight a war with Carthage, the Romans
- added new legions with faster horses and more spears.
- built a navy equipped with ships that enabled soldiers to board the ships of the enemy.
- allied themselves with the Macedonians.
- hired Greek soldiers, since the Greeks had more experience at sea.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 116
- At the end of the First Punic War, the Romans acquired
- Spain.
- Greece.
- North Africa.
- Sicily.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 116
- In the Second Punic War, Hannibal’s strategy was to
- blockade the Italian coast with the large Carthaginian fleet.
- invade southern Italy with the aid of the Egyptian fleet.
- swiftly cross the Alps into Italy and, by winning some big battles, persuade Rome’s subject peoples to join his side.
- entice the Romans to attack him in Spain, and defeat them there with his carefully prepared defenses.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 116-117
- Although Hannibal won some major battles against the Romans,
- a plague wiped out his army and he ultimately surrendered to Rome.
- he was finally surrounded by a large Roman army and defeated at the walls of Rome.
- his army deserted him when there was a political crisis back in Carthage.
- most of Rome’s allies stayed loyal to Rome, and the Romans’ delaying tactics eroded his forces.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 117
- Hannibal was finally defeated, in North Africa near Carthage at the Battle of Zama in 202 B.C.E., by
- Scipio Africanus.
- Julius Caesar.
- Cato the Elder.
- Hasdrubal.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 118
- After the defeat of Carthage in the Second Punic War, Rome fought several wars in the eastern Mediterranean, with what unexpected consequence?
- Greek support of Carthage in the Third Punic War
- Roman neglect of its northern frontier, permitting barbarians to invade Italy
- the beginning of the partial cultural Hellenization of the Roman upper classes
- the development of a strong Jewish influence in Roman affairs
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 122
- The Roman senator who provoked the third and last Punic War by constantly repeating that “Carthage must be destroyed” was
- Scipio Africanus.
- Fabius Maximus.
- Cato the Elder.
- Publius Terentius Afer.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 119
- One abusive practice of Roman rule over foreign provinces was
- the Romans’ insistence that all foreigners worship Roman gods.
- allowing tax contractors to extract more taxes than had been assessed.
- forcing provincials to exchange their laws and customs for those of Rome.
- giving to all foreigners the status of slaves.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 119
- As a result of the Roman conquest of the Mediterranean, slavery
- decreased, due to the increasing wealth of the Romans who could hire free workers.
- declined under the influence of the Hellenistic monarchies who prohibited slavery.
- increased, as large numbers of prisoners of war were sold as slaves.
- stayed the same, since Italy didn’t need a larger workforce.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 119
- Which of the following is NOT true of slavery in ancient Rome?
- Slaves were unable to earn money through their labor.
- Slaves included persons used as teachers and physicians.
- There were major slave uprisings.
- Roman wars brought in so many slaves that the structure of Roman society changed.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 120
- The most serious slave revolt in Roman history took place in 73 B.C.E., when 70,000 slaves revolted under the leadership of
- Brutus.
- Cassius.
- Publius.
- Spartacus.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 120
- Which of the following was NOT a factor in the growing disparity between the rich and poor during the second century B.C.E.?
- Small Roman farmers grew rich from the booty that flowed into Italy.
- Newly conquered provinces provided opportunities for the ruling class to make new fortunes from governing, tax contracts, slave trading, etc.
- Many common soldiers on long-term campaigns lost their farms to large landholders.
- Slave labor replaced free labor, reducing many citizens to poverty.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 120
- The growing disparity between rich and poor in Rome led to
- a major outward migration from Italy.
- the development of a potentially revolutionary mob in Rome.
- the enslavement of Roman farmers.
- the rejection of Greek culture.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 121
- The Romans had many architectural and engineering accomplishments. Which of the following was NOT among them?
- use of concrete
- building aqueducts
- building bridges
- post and lintel construction
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 122
- The outstanding example of Roman religious architecture still in use today is the
- Acropolis.
- ziggurat.
- Forum.
- Pantheon.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 123
- The career of Publius Terentius Afer demonstrated
- the integrity of the Roman Senate.
- the rapaciousness of Roman provincial governors.
- the dangers of dictatorship.
- that it was possible for a North African slave to become a Roman playwright noted for the brilliance of his Latin writing.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 121
- The great Latin orator, statesman, and master of prose was
- Romulus.
- Tiberius Gracchus.
- Cicero.
- Hannibal.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 124
- The Gracchi brothers attempted to redistribute land and make jobs for the poor because
- they wanted to destroy the rich senatorial class.
- they were from the plebeian class themselves.
- the Roman army needed small citizen farmers and taxpayers to fill its ranks.
- the Hellenistic ideal state called for equality of wealth.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Hard
Page: 125
- The career of the Gracchi brothers initiated a period of civil wars in the Republic because
- the brothers used political murder to subdue their enemies.
- their reforms gave more power to the soldier-farmer elite than to other segments of society.
- supporters of senatorial rule (optimates) became confrontational with supporters of popular rule (populares).
- All these answers are correct.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 126
- Gaius Marius established the Roman army as a professional, long-service corps with loyalty to the generals rather than to the state by
- recruiting landless men who would owe their livelihood to their general.
- placing soldiers on a payroll, making official the client-patron relationship between soldier and commander.
- promising land to the soldiers after their term of service.
- All these answers are correct.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 126
- Sulla violated the traditional constitution of Rome by
- making his term as dictator unlimited.
- murdering his political opponents without trial.
- passing laws to guarantee senatorial power.
- All these answers are correct.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 126
- The First Triumvirate
- was formed to fight Hannibal.
- was a political alliance of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus to bypass most of the formal Roman political structure.
- established a dictatorship that lasted twenty years.
- became a permanent constitutional feature of the Roman Republic.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 126-127
- Caesar associated himself politically with the
- optimates.
- slaves.
- populares.
- Senate.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 127
- Julius Caesar achieved supreme power in Rome by
- defeating Pompey and his senatorial allies.
- agreeing to support the Egyptian ambitions of Cleopatra VII.
- forming a secret alliance with the Senate and the optimates.
- calling for elections.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 127
- Which of the following reforms did Caesar NOT carry out when he took power?
- reestablishing the Senate and consuls as the chief Roman authorities
- introducing a new calendar of 365 days and a leap year every four years
- improving grain distribution to the people, and instigating public works for jobs
- establishing Roman colonies for poor, landless citizens
Answer: A
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 127
- Caesar strayed from traditional Roman custom and politics by
- accepting a dictatorship for life.
- wearing royal regalia and establishing a priesthood to offer sacrifices to his genius.
- having his image placed on coins.
- All these answers are correct.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 127
- Caesar was assassinated by
- his mutinous troops.
- the tribunes of the plebeians.
- a group of senators.
- his chief officer, Mark Antony.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 128-129
TRUE/FALSE
- The story of Cincinnatus saving Rome as dictator and then going back to his plow and continuing his life as a farmer illustrates the early Roman values of patriotism, duty, and simplicity.
Answer: True
Page: 104
- The location of Rome high in the mountains was a problem the Romans had to overcome in developing their trade and agriculture.
Answer: False
Page: 104
- Etruscan art reveals that Etruscan men and women shared more equality than their Greek and Roman neighbors.
Answer: True
Page: 105
- The “Struggle of the Orders” refers to the campaign of the Roman plebeian class to win political and social rights from the patricians.
Answer: True
Page: 107
- The patron-client relationship in Roman society was widely regarded as unjust, since the client was forced to serve his patron and got nothing in return.
Answer: False
Page: 108
- As the Romans conquered Italy, they succeeded not only in reconciling conquered people to their rule, but also in incorporating many as Roman citizens.
Answer: True
Page: 110
- Religiously, the Romans believed their success hinged on observing the proper rituals and offering sacrifices to the gods.
Answer: True
Page: 112
- Roman husbands and wives exercised equal authority in the family.
Answer: False
Page: 112
- Unlike the Hellenistic cities, Rome never developed slums and a poverty-stricken underclass, instead maintaining a clean and healthy urban environment.
Answer: False
Page: 113-114
- Compared to Rome, Carthage engaged in very little trade and commerce, had no navy, and had to rely on an army made up of farmer citizen-soldiers.
Answer: False
Page: 115
- In the Second Punic War, Hannibal hoped that Rome’s Italian allies would join his side, but most stayed loyal to Rome.
Answer: True
Page: 117
- The Roman governors of the provinces were successful in preventing private tax-collecting contractors from extracting excessive money from the provincials.
Answer: False
Page: 119
- The conquest of the empire led to a great increase in the number of slaves, leading to several slave revolts, of which Spartacus’s revolt was the most famous.
Answer: True
Page: 120
- The Roman conquest of the Hellenistic world led to Roman customs and the Latin language replacing Greek from Asia Minor to Egypt.
Answer: False
Page: 122
- Roman engineering looks impressive only in terms of its scale, since it is based entirely on ideas and technology derived from the Greeks.
Answer: False
Page: 122
- Like most Roman reformers, the Gracchi brothers rose from the plebeian class by means of successful army service to challenge the rule of the aristocratic Senate.
Answer: False
Page: 125
- The struggle between Marius and Sulla unleashed civil violence in Rome, with Marius representing the populares of the assembly, and Sulla the optimates of the Senate.
Answer: True
Page: 126
- Although Caesar refused the title of “king,” he did allow himself to be made dictator for life, and he placed his image on coins.
Answer: True
Page: 127
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK
- According to legend, Rome was founded by ________, who killed his twin brother Remus after an argument.
Answer: Romulus
Page: 104
- The ________ were a neighboring non-Indo-European people who greatly influenced the Romans and ruled over them for about a century.
Answer: Etruscans
Page: 105
- The Romans called their government a(n) ________, which means the “public matter” or “public realm.”
Answer: republic
Page: 107
- In Roman society, the upper class was known as the ________, and the lower class as the plebeians.
Answer: patricians
Page: 107
- The two chief executive officers of the Roman government, who led the armies and presided over the Senate, were known as the ________.
Answer: consuls
Page: 107
- The center of Roman political and commercial life was an open space surrounded by temples and other public buildings, called the ________.
Answer: Forum
Page: 109
- The ________ was made up of aristocratic ex-magistrates and controlled the treasury.
Answer: Senate
Page: 108
- The basic unit of the Roman army, consisting of about 4,000 men, was the ________.
Answer: legion
Page: 114
- The powerful city across the sea in North Africa, with whom Rome fought three wars before finally destroying her, was ________.
Answer: Carthage
Page: 115
- The Carthaginian general who invaded Italy in the Second Punic War was ________.
Answer: Hannibal
Page: 116
- The ill treatment of large numbers of slaves in Italy induced ________, a gladiator, to lead a 70,000-man slave army in revolt between 73 and 71 B.C.E.
Answer: Spartacus
Page: 120
- ________ was a senator who resisted Greek influence on the Romans and promoted the destruction of Carthage.
Answer: Cato the Elder
Page: 119, 122
- Roman engineers invented ________, one of the most important materials in the history of architecture, since it made possible large buildings in a variety of shapes.
Answer: concrete
Page: 123
- The ________ was a temple dedicated to all the gods, with an interior that consisted of a circular hall roofed with a perfect concrete dome.
Answer: Pantheon
Page: 123
- The greatest writer of Latin literature and an orator in the law courts and Senate, who tried to preserve the old values of the Republic, was ________.
Answer: Cicero
Page: 124
- The brothers ________ tried unsuccessfully to initiate major, permanent social reforms in the Roman Republic.
Answer: Gracchi
Page: 125
- ________, after winning a civil war against Marius, set himself up as a dictator favoring the optimates, or senatorial class.
Answer: Sulla
Page: 125
ESSAY
- What influence did the Etruscans have on Rome?
- What was the “Struggle of the Orders,” and what effect did it have on the political and social development of Rome?
- How was Roman family structure related to the religious, political, and social structure of Rome?
- Describe the policies the Romans used to keep the various parts of conquered Italy loyal to her.
- How did the Romans manage to defeat such a great general as Hannibal?
- What social and economic problems did the conquest of the empire create in Italy?
- Describe some of the Roman advances in architecture and technology.
- Why and how did Julius Caesar achieve dictatorial power in Rome?
- Compare the methods used by Persian and Egyptian monarchs, the Greeks, and then Hellenistic monarchs for governing their conquered peoples, with the methods used by Rome. Can you see the seeds of a great system of law and cultural unity that would become a basis of Western Civilization? Discuss from the points of view of both the conquerors and the conquered. Also consider types of conquest besides military and political, such as cultural and economic.
- How and why was Rome, a small city in central Italy, able to become the dominant power in the Mediterranean? Answer with a discussion of Roman government, military organization, leadership, treatment of conquered peoples, and the struggle against Carthage.
- Discuss the breakdown of the Roman Republic from 133 to 44 B.C.E. Include discussions of the Gracchi brothers, Marius, Sulla, Pompey, Crassus, Cicero, and Caesar. How did various events challenge the integrity of the republican constitution and set precedents for a new political system? Make use of any appropriate cultural, economic, or social factors, as well as the political environment and military.
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