Theories of Personality 9Th Edition By Jess Feist – Test Bank

Description

Theories of Personality 9Th Edition By Jess Feist – Test Bank

 Sample Questions

Instant Download With Answers

Chapter 02

Freud: Psychoanalysis

 

1. Describe how Freud’s three levels of mental life relate to his concept of the provinces of the mind.

Answer:

 

1. Freud developed his concept of the unconscious, preconscious, and conscious several years before he formulated the notion of the id, ego, and superego.
2. The unconscious is a dynamic aspect of mental life responsible for many of our behaviors. It consists of both repressed experiences and experiences that have never been conscious. Childhood sexual and aggressive experiences are most likely to be repressed and thus enter into the unconscious in a disguised form.
3. The preconscious consists of experiences that are less threatening than those of the unconscious. Preconscious ideas can become conscious with varying degrees of difficulty, depending on their potential threat to the ego.
4. The conscious mind plays a relatively minor role in Freudian psychology. It refers to those ideas that are in our awareness at any given time.
5. The id is the amoral, animal side of human nature and is completely unconscious. The id serves the pleasure principle.
6. The ego is the sense of “I” or “me” that children develop at an early age. The ego, which can be unconscious, preconscious, or conscious, serves the reality principle.
7. The superego comes into existence after the resolution of the Oedipus complex, and serves both the moral and the idealistic principles. The superego, like the id, is completely unconscious, meaning that its moralistic and idealistic demands are incessant and out of contact with reality.

Page: 28–35

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

2. Trace the development of both the male and the female phallic stages and explain why Freud believed that they follow different paths.

Answer:

 

1. Freud believed that the male and the female phallic stages take different routes because male and female anatomies are different.
2. The male phallic stage begins with the little boy’s sexual desire for his mother and hostility for his father—a condition called the male Oedipus complex. Fearing his father’s retribution, the boy develops a castration complex, which takes the form of castration anxiety, or a fear of losing his penis. Because castration anxiety is extremely traumatic, the little boy quickly resolves this dilemma by giving up his incestuous feelings for his mother and identifying with his father. His identification with his father leads to him developing a strong male superego—one based on his perception of his father’s morals and ideals.
3. The female phallic stage begins with the castration complex, which, for little girls, takes the form of penis envy. Holding her mother responsible for her lack of a penis, the girl turns to her father for sexual love and generates hostility for her mother. This condition, called the female Oedipus complex, is more difficult to resolve than the male Oedipus complex because the girl has no traumatic experience (such as castration anxiety) to shatter it. Gradually, the girl sees the futility of her position and turns to her mother for nonsexual love. The girl’s identification with her mother leads to the development of the female superego—a superego based on her perception of her mother’s morals and ideals.

Page: 45–50

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

3. How does Freud’s early therapeutic technique relate to recent reports of childhood abuse?

Answer:

 

1. Some observers have criticized Freud for abandoning the seduction theory, which placed responsibility for childhood sexual abuse on a parent, usually the father. When Freud substituted the Oedipus complex for the seduction theory, he switched responsibility from the parent to the child.
2. Freud’s early therapeutic technique was quite active, forceful, and suggestive. He placed his hands on his patients’ heads and told them that they would think of something. This procedure usually led to precisely the result that Freud was looking for, namely, the confession of a childhood seduction.
3. Freud’s highly suggestive technique tended to yield stories of childhood seduction that had been repressed for years. Many current therapists, using somewhat different but equally suggestive procedures, have been able to “recover” patients’ long-lost experiences of being sexually or physically abused by an older person, often a parent.

Page: 52–53

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

4. Freud’s psychoanalysis rests on which two cornerstones?
5. A. sex and aggression
6. sex and hunger
7. security and safety
8. security and sex

Page: 21

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

5. Freud saw himself primarily as a
6. psychologist.
7. B.
8. philosopher.
9. writer of fiction.
10. general practitioner.

Page: 22

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

6. In the context of psychoanalytic theory, identify a true statement about Sigmund Freud.
7. A. He formulated hypotheses after knowing the facts of a case, utilizing the case study approach exclusively.
8. He quantified his data and made observations under controlled conditions.
9. He made observations on a large sample of patients, most of whom were from the lower class.
10. He relied more on rigorous research methods than on deductive reasoning.

Page: 22

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

7. Freud’s lifelong optimism and self-confidence may have stemmed from
8. A. being his mother’s favorite child.
9. his father’s outstanding business success.
10. the death of his younger brother.
11. the presence of much older half-brothers.

Page: 22

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

8. Since early in his adolescence, Freud had a strong desire to
9. live in the United States.
10. B. win fame by making a great discovery.
11. treat the poor and destitute of Vienna.
12. practice medicine.

Page: 23

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

9. Freud’s free association technique evolved from
10. Charcot’s hypnotic technique.
11. his use of cocaine.
12. C. Breuer’s cathartic method.
13. the periodicity theory of Wilhelm Fliess.

Page: 23

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

10. Freud abandoned his _____ theory in 1897, the year after his father died.
11. A. seduction
12. Oedipal
13. dream
14. childhood sexuality
15. anal

Page: 25

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

11. Which of the following revisions did Freud make to his theory of personality after World War I?
12. A. He laid emphasis on the aggression instinct.
13. He identified the three levels of mental life.
14. He rejected repression as a defense mechanism to protect the ego.
15. He rejected the notion of a female Oedipus complex.

Page: 26

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

12. The event that eventually led to Freud’s achievement of fame was his
13. partnership with Jung.
14. use of cocaine.
15. insistence on the existence of male hysteria.
16. marriage to Martha Bernays.
17. E. publication of The Interpretation of Dreams.

Page: 26

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

13. Which of the following was one of Freud’s personal qualities?
14. a lifelong acceptance and loyalty to the followers who broke away from psychoanalysis
15. an inability to learn languages other than German
16. an unromantic and dispassionate disposition, especially toward his close friends
17. D. an intellectual curiosity and high moral courage

Page: 27

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

14. Freud’s three levels of mental life are
15. A. the unconscious, the preconscious, and the conscious.
16. the id, the ego, and the superego.
17. aim, object, and impetus.
18. Thanatos, Eros, and the Oedipus complex.

Page: 28

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

15. According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following statements is true about unconscious ideas?
16. They influence behavior only when one is aware of them.
17. They have no influence on behavior.
18. C. They influence behavior even when one is unaware of them.
19. They are learned only after birth.

Page: 28

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

16. Which of these progressions is most consistent with the psychoanalytic theory?
17. Anxiety leads to repression, which leads to suppression of sexual feelings, which in turn leads to a reaction formation.
18. Punishment of a child’s sexual behavior leads to repression, which leads to anxiety, which in turn leads to suppression of sexual activity.
19. C. Punishment of a child’s sexual behavior leads to suppression of sexual behavior, which leads to anxiety, which in turn leads to repression.
20. Anxiety leads to suppression of sexual feelings, which leads to repression, which in turn leads to punishment of sexual behaviors.

Page: 28

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

17. Freud’s notion of phylogenetic endowment refers to
18. anatomical differences between the sexes that lead to psychological differences.
19. the physical structure of the brain where the unconscious is located.
20. C. our ancestor’s experiences that we inherit and that form a part of our unconscious.
21. the social rules we learn from our parents that form the superego.

Page: 28–29

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

18. Freud held that ideas in the preconscious originate from
19. the conscious.
20. the unconscious.
21. C. both the conscious and the unconscious.
22. None of the answers is correct.

Page: 29

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

19. Freud believed that the id
20. serves the reality principle.
21. serves the moral or idealistic principle.
22. C. constantly seeks to increase pleasure and reduce tension.
23. is the executive branch of personality.
24. is reasonable and logical.

Page: 32

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

20. According to Sigmund Freud, the id is primarily involved in
21. solving problems in geometry.
22. contemplating the meaning of life.
23. C. thumb-sucking behavior.
24. convincing a friend to plant a garden.

Page: 33

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

21. Freud claimed that pleasure-seeking people with no thought of what is reasonable or proper are dominated by the
22. A.
23. ego.
24. superego.
25. ego-ideal.

Page: 33

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

22. Freud held that the secondary process functions through the
23. id.
24. B.
25. superego.
26. conscience.
27. ego-ideal.

Page: 33

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

23. According to Freud, the ego is
24. conscious only.
25. preconscious only.
26. unconscious only.
27. D. partly conscious, partly preconscious, and partly unconscious.
28. partly conscious and partly preconscious only.

Page: 33

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

24. Which of the following is a characteristic of the id?
25. It is changeable.
26. B. It is primitive.
27. It is organized.
28. It is realistic.

Page: 33

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

25. Which of the following statements is true about the ego?
26. It is the only region of the mind that houses basic drives or primary motivates.
27. It grows out of the superego during infancy.
28. C. It is the only region of the mind in contact with reality.
29. It is illogical, unrealistic, and can simultaneously entertain incompatible ideas.

Page: 33

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

26. According to Freud, which of these region(s) of the mind is (are) in contact with the external world?
27. id
28. B. ego
29. superego
30. ego and superego
31. id, ego, and superego

Page: 33

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

27. According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following statements is true about the superego?
28. It is rational.
29. B. It strives for perfection.
30. It is the executive branch of personality.
31. It strives for pleasure.
32. All of the answers are correct.

Page: 34

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

28. Freud believed that the ego begins to evolve from the id soon after birth. While the ego is developing, the id
29. begins to diminish.
30. develops parallel to the ego.
31. disappears completely.
32. D. remains stationary.

Page: 34

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

29. Freud believed that the superego develops from the
30. id.
31. B.
32. ego-ideal.
33. conscience.
34. preconscious.

Page: 34

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

30. Freud’s notion of the superego includes
31. conscious and preconscious levels.
32. pleasure and reality principles.
33. the ego and the id.
34. D. a conscience and an ego-ideal.

Page: 34

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

31. According to Freud, feelings of inferiority stem from the
32. id.
33. ego.
34. superego.
35. conscience.
36. E. ego-ideal.

Page: 34

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

32. According to Freud, a guilt-ridden, timid person is most likely dominated by
33. A. the superego.
34. the ego.
35. the id.
36. the Oedipus complex.
37. phylogenetic endowment.

Page: 35

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

33. According to Freud, a psychologically healthy person has a dominant
34. id.
35. B.
36. superego.
37. conscience.
38. ego-ideal.

Page: 35

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

34. Identify a true statement about the superego.
35. It is concerned with, and completely aware of, the practicability of its requirements.
36. It takes into consideration the difficulties faced by the ego in carrying out its orders.
37. It is closely watched over by the ego, judging its actions and intentions.
38. D. It strives blindly and unrealistically toward perfection.

Page: 35

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

35. Freud believed that instincts are characterized by all of the following except
36. A.
37. impetus.
38. source.
39. aim.
40. object.

Page: 36

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

36. According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following is the object of sexual instinct?
37. the region of the body in a state of tension
38. B. the person or thing that is capable of bringing about sexual pleasure
39. the amount of force that sexual pleasure exerts on a person
40. to seek pleasure by removing a state of sexual tension
41. to seek pleasure by building up a state of sexual tension

Page: 36

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

37. According to Sigmund Freud, areas of the body especially capable of producing sexual pleasure are called
38. aim-impetus areas.
39. instinct zones.
40. genital organs.
41. pleasure-principle areas.
42. E. erogenous zones.

Page: 36

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

38. A young man gets sexual gratification by kissing and caressing women’s shoes. According to Freud, which of the following statements best describes this situation?
39. A. The sexual object has been displaced.
40. The sexual aim has been changed.
41. The path of the sexual instinct is inflexible.
42. The sexual instinct is permanently inhibited.

Page: 36

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

39. According to Freud, a teenager preoccupied with the self and with personal appearance is exhibiting
40. primary narcissism.
41. B. secondary narcissism.
42. aim-inhibited love.
43. moral masochism.

Page: 37

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

40. According to Sigmund Freud, the nonsexual love a child has for a sibling is called
41. primary narcissism.
42. secondary narcissism.
43. C. aim-inhibited love.
44. masochism.

Page: 37

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

41. In Freud’s aim-inhibited love, that which is inhibited is the
42. strength of the drive.
43. overt, open expression of love.
44. C. sexual aspect of the instinct.
45. aggressive aspect of the instinct.

Page: 37

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

42. According to Sigmund Freud, the aim of the destructive drive is
43. self-preservation.
44. self-assertion.
45. C. self-destruction.
46. self-hatred.

Page: 37

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

43. Sigmund Freud defined the term “primary narcissism” as
44. a condition that accompanies the Oedipus complex but takes different forms in the two sexes.
45. an unpleasant, nonspecific feeling resulting from the ego’s relationship with the external world.
46. C. an infant’s investment of libido in its own ego.
47. anxiety that results from the ego’s conflict with the superego.

Page: 37

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

44. _____ is a condition characterized by the reception of sexual pleasure from suffering pain and humiliation inflicted either by the self or by others.
45. Neuroticism
46. Narcissism
47. Psychoticism
48. D. Masochism

Page: 37

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

45. Which of the following terms refers to an individual’s need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliation?
46. A. sadism
47. onanism
48. masochism
49. voyeurism

Page: 37

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

46. In the context of Freudian dynamic theory, the term “neurotic anxiety” is defined as
47. A. an apprehension about an unknown danger that exists in the ego but originates from id impulses.
48. the feeling of being alone and isolated, separated from the natural world.
49. the incompatible tendency to move toward, against, and away from people.
50. a predisposition to act or react in a characteristic manner, that is, in either an introverted or an extroverted direction.

Page: 38

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

47. Freud regarded precepts such as “Love thy neighbor as thyself” as
48. A. reaction formations.
49. worthless relics from an ancient religion.
50. expressions of the erotic drive.
51. expressions of neurotic anxiety.

Page: 38

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

48. According to Freud, the apprehension a person feels when physically threatened is _____ anxiety.
49. A. realistic
50. neurotic
51. masochistic
52. moral

Page: 38

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

49. Ashley feels uneasy after violating her personal standards of honesty and cheating on a test. Freud might suggest that she is suffering from _____ anxiety.
50. aim-inhibited
51. realistic
52. neurotic
53. D. moral

Page: 38

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

50. According to Freud, the ego’s dependency on the superego results in
51. basic anxiety.
52. realistic anxiety.
53. neurotic anxiety.
54. D. moral anxiety.
55. traumatic anxiety.

Page: 38

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

51. According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following terms refers to the apprehension one feels while in the presence of a teacher?
52. A. neurotic anxiety
53. psychotic anxiety
54. realistic anxiety
55. moral anxiety
56. none of the answers is correct.

Page: 38

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

52. Freud held that the pain of anxiety is most likely to result in
53. psychotic behavior.
54. B. defensive behavior.
55. neurotic behavior.
56. realistic behavior.

Page: 39

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

53. The use of Freudian defense mechanisms requires an
54. A. expenditure of psychic energy.
55. extremely strong superego.
56. immediate return to primary narcissism.
57. exposure of the superego to prolonged anxiety.

Page: 39

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

54. Which of the following is the most basic Freudian defense mechanism?
55. A. repression
56. reaction formation
57. fixation
58. projection
59. regression

Page: 39

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

55. According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following is an important function of repression?
56. A. to protect a person against the pain of anxiety
57. to convert superego functions into ego functions
58. to protect a person against public disgrace
59. to convert id functions into ego functions
60. to convert ego functions into id functions

Page: 39

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

56. Which of the following statements is true about anxiety?
57. It can be felt and produced by both the id and the superego.
58. B. It is self-regulating because it precipitates repression.
59. It is unaccompanied by any physical sensation.
60. It prevents the ego from being alert for signs of threat and danger.

Page: 39

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

57. According to Sigmund Freud, whenever the ego is threatened by undesirable id impulses, it protects itself by _____ those impulses; that is, it forces threatening feelings into the unconscious.
58. introjecting
59. projecting
60. C. repressing
61. fixating

Page: 39

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

58. A mother who has deep-seated hostility toward her only child but shows overprotection and hyper-concern for the physical well-being of her child illustrates which Freudian defense mechanism?
59. identification
60. displacement
61. projection
62. D. reaction formation
63. sublimation

Page: 40

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

59. Madison is frequently berated by his domineering employer. Madison is too timid to confront his employer, but he deflects his frustration by mistreating his dog, children, and wife. According to Freud, this is an example of
60. reaction formation.
61. identification.
62. projection.
63. D.
64. regression.

Page: 40

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

60. Which of the following terms is defined as a Freudian defense mechanism in which unwanted urges are redirected onto other objects or people to disguise the original impulse?
61. introjection
62. regression
63. sublimation
64. D. displacement

Page: 40

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

61. Which of the following terms is defined as a defense mechanism that arises when psychic energy is blocked at one stage of development, thus making change or psychological growth difficult?
62. A. fixation
63. regression
64. introjection
65. repression

Page: 41

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

62. Which of the following terms is defined as a defense mechanism whereby a person returns to an earlier stage to protect the ego against anxiety?
63. sublimation
64. B. regression
65. introjection
66. fixation

Page: 41

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

63. Robin protects herself against the threat of change by constantly clinging to objects and behaviors from her early childhood. It thus appears that Robin is relying primarily on which Freudian defense mechanism?
64. reaction formation
65. B. fixation
66. projection
67. regression
68. sublimation

Page: 41

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

64. Amy, an 18-month-old child, resorts to taking her baby sister’s bottle even though she has previously been weaned. This behavior illustrates which Freudian defense mechanism?
65. stubbornness
66. fixation
67. repression
68. D. regression

Page: 41

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

65. Seeing deficiencies in others that one unconsciously feels within oneself is an example of which Freudian defense mechanism?
66. reaction formation
67. undoing
68. C. projection
69. isolation

Page: 41

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

66. When carried to extremes, which of the following Freudian defense mechanisms can become paranoid behavior?
67. reaction formation
68. rationalization
69. fixation
70. D. projection

Page: 41

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

67. A man goes into a gay bar and initiates a fight with a homosexual man as a result of his own unconscious homosexual impulses. This is an example of which Freudian defense mechanism?
68. sublimation
69. introjection
70. fixation
71. D. projection

Page: 41–42

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

68. Which of the following is an example of Sigmund Freud’s notion of projection?
69. “Things will be better tomorrow.”
70. “The only reason I failed is because I had a headache.”
71. C. “I like him fine, but, for some reason, he hates me.”
72. “I didn’t really want that job, anyway.”

Page: 42

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

69. Tyler greatly admires his geometry teacher and tries to copy his mannerisms and lifestyle. This is an example of which Freudian defense mechanism?
70. A. introjection
71. fixation
72. projection
73. sublimation

Page: 42

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

70. Which of the following distinguishes sublimation from the other Freudian defense mechanisms?
71. Sublimation is directly related to the superego.
72. Sublimation is always destructive.
73. C. Sublimation is constructive to society.
74. Sublimation involves the Oedipus complex.

Page: 42

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

71. Sigmund Freud saw the resolution of the Oedipus complex as the prototype of
72. sublimation.
73. B.
74. projection.
75. regression.

Page: 42

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

72. The transformation of instinctual drives into socially productive forces such as art, science, and religion is what Freud called
73. regression.
74. rationalization.
75. C.
76. acting out.
77. isolation.

Page: 42

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

73. The paintings and sculptures of Michelangelo best exemplify Freud’s concept of
74. Thanatos.
75. regression.
76. paranoia.
77. D.

Page: 42

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

74. Which of the following terms is defined as a defense mechanism whereby people incorporate the positive qualities of another person into their ego?
75. displacement
76. repression
77. C. introjection
78. sublimation

Page: 42

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

75. Which of the following terms is defined as a defense mechanism that involves the repression of the genital aim of Eros and its substitution by a cultural or social aim?
76. fixation
77. introjection
78. regression
79. D. sublimation

Page: 42

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

76. An extreme type of projection is _____, a mental disorder characterized by powerful delusions of jealousy and persecution.
77. A. projection
78. sublimation
79. displacement
80. fixation

Page: 42

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

77. In the context of the infantile period, which of the following occurs during the oral-receptive phase of an infant?
78. They sometimes take a friendly interest toward their feces, an interest that stems from the erotic pleasure of defecating.
79. B. They feel no ambivalence toward a pleasurable object and their needs are usually satisfied with a minimum of frustration and anxiety.
80. They respond to others through biting, cooing, closing their mouth, smiling, and crying.
81. They receive satisfaction by destroying or losing objects.

Page: 43

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

78. Freud’s oral-sadistic stage is characterized by
79. early attempts at toilet training.
80. unambivalent feelings toward the mother.
81. C. the emergence of teeth.
82. rivalry toward younger siblings.
83. rivalry toward one or both parents.

Page: 44

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

79. The principle source of frustration during Freud’s anal phase is
80. weaning.
81. learning to dress oneself.
82. C. toilet training.
83. suppression of masturbation.

Page: 44

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

80. Freud hypothesized that a permissive, accepting attitude of parents during toilet training is likely to lead to which behaviors as the child grows to adulthood?
81. A. generosity and benevolence
82. stubbornness, compulsiveness, and miserliness
83. masochism and/or sadism
84. sexual dysfunction and aggression

Page: 44

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

81. Which of the following is a Freudian term for a person who is characterized by compulsive neatness, stubbornness, and miserliness?
82. hoarding character
83. exploitative character
84. C. anal character
85. receptive character

Page: 44

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

82. The classical Freudian anal character possesses all of the following traits except for
83. orderliness.
84. B.
85. obstinacy.
86. stinginess.

Page: 44

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

83. According to Freud, male and female personality development is
84. A. similar until the phallic stage.
85. similar until the genital stage.
86. different during the anal stage.
87. different during the oral stage.

Page: 45

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

84. Freud’s notion of the Oedipus complex is compounded, or made more complicated, by the
85. latency period.
86. B. bisexual nature of the child.
87. Electra complex.
88. castration complex.
89. influence of culture.

Page: 45

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

85. Freud believed that boys and girls have different psychosexual development because of
86. cultural influences.
87. parental attitudes.
88. fantasies that originate soon after birth.
89. D. anatomical differences between the genders.
90. hormonal differences between the genders.

Page: 45

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

86. According to Freud, a boy who feels strong hostility toward his father and sexual love for his mother is experiencing
87. moral masochism.
88. B. the simple male Oedipus complex.
89. the complete Oedipus complex.
90. the castration complex.
91. penis envy.

Page: 45

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

87. Freud claimed that during the Oedipal period, a boy
88. feels sexual love only toward his father.
89. feels sexual love only toward his mother.
90. C. may feel sexual love toward each parent.
91. is incapable of feeling sexual love toward either parent.

Page: 45–46

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

88. According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following statements is true about castration anxiety?
89. It results in penis envy.
90. B. It dissolves the male Oedipus complex.
91. It dissolves the female Oedipus complex.
92. It triggers penis envy, which then dissolves the female Oedipus complex.

Page: 46–47

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

89. According to Freud, normally, in post-Oedipal identification with his father, a boy
90. accepts homosexual feelings toward his father.
91. rejects the hated and feared father.
92. wants to be his father.
93. D. identifies with his father’s morals and ideals.

Page: 47

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

90. According to Freud, a girl’s wish to be a boy or to have a baby
91. indicates feminine identification.
92. results from a mature superego.
93. C. is an expression of penis envy.
94. is called the complete Oedipus complex.
95. is an unnatural condition.

Page: 47

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

91. According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following statements is true about castration complex in girls?
92. It shatters the Oedipus complex.
93. It takes the form of penis envy.
94. It precedes the Oedipus complex.
95. D. It takes the form of penis envy and shatters the Oedipus complex.

Page: 47–48

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

92. Freud believed that a little girl’s Oedipal wish for a baby is a substitute for the
93. father.
94. nipple.
95. feces.
96. mother.
97. E.

Page: 48

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

93. After the female Oedipus complex is resolved, Freud claimed that it is replaced by
94. the sadistic-anal phase.
95. rationalizations.
96. C. the superego.
97. the wish to be a boy.

Page: 48

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

94. Concerning the male and female Oedipus complexes, Freud felt
95. more confident of his views on the female Oedipus complex.
96. B. more confident of his views on the male Oedipus complex.
97. strongly confident of his views on both complexes.
98. little or no confidence with his views on either complex.

Page: 49

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

95. Freud suggested that the latency period was rooted in
96. A. our phylogenetic endowment.
97. anatomical differences between the sexes.
98. an increase in psychic energy from the id.
99. decreased activity of the superego.
100. increased activity of the superego.

Page: 50

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

96. According to Freud, which of the following statements is true about the genital period in infants?
97. It ends with the development of the superego.
98. It is a result of penis envy.
99. C. It begins at puberty.
100. It is marked by an autoerotic sexual aim.
101. It begins immediately after the anal stage.

Page: 50

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

97. In the context of the infantile period, which of the following occurs during the latency period?
98. Penis envy continues to linger in girls, and the vagina finally obtains the same status for them that the penis had during infancy.
99. Adolescents give up autoeroticism and direct their sexual energy toward another person instead of themselves.
100. C. Children form groups or cliques, an impossibility during the infantile period when the sexual drive was completely autoerotic.
101. Boys see the female organ as a sought-after object rather than a source of trauma.

Page: 50

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

98. From a Freudian perspective, psychological maturity might be characterized by
99. A. minimal repression and maximal consciousness.
100. a maximum number of defense mechanisms.
101. a heavily repressed id and an overwhelming superego.
102. minimal libido directed toward others.

Page: 51

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

99. Freud gave several reasons why he abandoned his seduction theory. Which of the following was not a reason?
100. A. He realized that his highly suggestive therapeutic tactics had elicited false memories of seduction.
101. The seduction theory had not helped him treat patients.
102. He realized that the unconscious memories of severely disturbed patients almost never revealed childhood sexual experiences.
103. He believed that the unconscious mind could not distinguish reality from fiction.
104. He realized that even his own father was probably guilty of sexually abusing some of his siblings.

Page: 53

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

100. Which of the following terms refers to the strong sexual or aggressive feelings, positive or negative, that patients develop toward their analyst during the course of treatment?
101. surgency
102. B. transference
103. proprium
104. congruence

Page: 53

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

101. Asking a patient to verbalize thoughts, no matter how absurd, irrelevant, or embarrassing, is the Freudian technique of
102. A. free association.
103. displacement.
104. condensation.
105. dream analysis.
106. transference.

Page: 53

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

102. Which of the following occurs after a successful psychoanalytic treatment?
103. Neurotic symptoms are repressed in patients.
104. Psychic energy strengthens the superego in patients.
105. A patient’s positive transference toward the analyst increases.
106. D. A patient’s ego is expanded with previously repressed material.
107. A patient’s ego is incorporated into the superego.

Page: 54

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

103. In Freudian theory, dreams are seen as
104. A. wish fulfillments.
105. being prophetic in nature.
106. having importance primarily on the manifest level.
107. expressions of humans’ phylogenetic endowment.

Page: 54

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

104. According to Freud, dreams have meaning on two levels. The more important level concerns the
105. conscious level.
106. preconscious level.
107. manifest content.
108. D. latent content.

Page: 54

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

105. Dreams of patients suffering from traumatic neuroses, or posttraumatic stress disorder, follow the Freudian principle of
106. wish fulfillments.
107. B. repetition compulsion.
108. parapraxis.
109. aim inhibition.
110. phylogenetic endowment.

Page: 54

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

106. In the context of dream analysis, _____ refers to the fact that the manifest dream content is not as extensive as the latent level, indicating that the unconscious material has been abbreviated before appearing on the manifest level.
107. interjection
108. progression
109. regression
110. D. condensation

Page: 54

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

107. According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following statements is true about condensation and displacement?
108. They change latent dream level into manifest level.
109. They expand the latent dream level.
110. C. They are ways of distorting dream content.
111. They expand the manifest dream level.
112. They change the manifest dream level into the latent level.

Page: 54–55

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

108. Trained psychoanalysts can interpret dreams
109. by knowing the meaning of a standard set of symbols.
110. B. most accurately by asking the dreamer for his or her associations to the material.
111. without talking personally to the patient.
112. by concentrating on the manifest meaning of the dream.

Page: 55

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

109. The “royal road” to the unconscious was thought by Freud to be
110. the preconscious.
111. meditation.
112. parapraxes.
113. D.
114. Route 66.

Page: 55

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

110. According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following statements is true about parapraxes?
111. A. They revealed unconscious intent.
112. They had no psychological meaning.
113. They demonstrated a dominant preconscious intention.
114. They were a result of fatigue.

Page: 56

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

111. Which of the following statements is true about the manifest content of dreams?
112. A. It often stems from experiences of the previous day.
113. It has psychoanalytic significance and meaning.
114. It usually goes back to childhood experiences.
115. It is the unconscious description of a dream.

Page: 56

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

112. “Freudian slips” are a product of
113. dreamwork.
114. free association.
115. the conscious and the unconscious forces.
116. D. the preconscious and the unconscious forces.

Page: 57

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

113. Which of the following areas of psychological research have recently joined to provide support for Freud’s theory of unconscious motivation?
114. A. cognitive psychology and neuroscience
115. educational psychology and learning theory
116. social psychology and neuroscience
117. clinical psychology and counseling psychology

Page: 58

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

114. Shevrin, Ghannam, and Libet recently found that the defense mechanism of _____ might have a neurophysiologic basis.
115. sublimation
116. reaction formation
117. denial
118. D. repression

Page: 61

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

115. Although Freud’s theory rates somewhat high on its ability to generate research, it rates low on
116. biological influences on the personality.
117. B. falsifiability and operational definitions.
118. unconscious determinants of behavior.
119. All of the answers are correct.
120. None of the answers is correct.

Page: 66–67

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

 

Category                                                                                                                                           # of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation                                                                                                                            115

 

Chapter 04

Jung: Analytical Psychology

 

1. Describe Carl Jung’s levels of the psyche.

 

Answer:

 

1. Carl Jung divided the psyche into two levels: the conscious and the unconscious. The unconscious, in turn, is divided into the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious.
2. The conscious psyche plays a relatively minor role in analytical psychology. When people rely too heavily on the conscious, to the exclusion of the unconscious, they become shallow and unbalanced. The ego is the center of consciousness.
3. The personal unconscious in Jungian theory is comparable to the unconscious in Freudian theory. It is a storehouse for repressed memories. The contents of the personal unconscious are called complexes, or emotionally tinged ideas that spring from personal experiences.
4. Carl Jung’s most distinctive and controversial concept is that of a collective unconscious. The collective unconscious is the psychological counterpart to an instinct. It stems from the repeated experiences of our ancestors and is passed from one generation to the next as psychic potential. The collective unconscious does not consist of inherited ideas, but of inherited predispositions to act. Before people react to these inherited predispositions, however, they must have a personal experience that sparks the collective unconscious. The contents of the collective unconscious are called archetypes.

Page: 110–112

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

2. List and briefly describe Carl Jung’s most important archetypes.

 

Answer:

 

1. The persona is the side of personality that we show to the outside world. It is the role we adopt in society.
2. The shadow is the archetype of darkness and repression and represents the evil side of our personality. Rather than hiding their shadow, self-realized people become acquainted with it and thus learn to control their dark side. Carl Jung believed that the realization of the shadow is our first test of courage on the road to self-realization.
3. The anima is the feminine side of men. Psychologically healthy men recognize their feminine disposition, become comfortable with it, and do not project it onto the women in their lives. The anima influences the feeling side in men.
4. The animus is a woman’s masculine side, and it influences her thinking and reasoning. Carl Jung believed that the animus is also responsible for some women’s irrational moods and unfounded opinions.
5. The great mother is the archetype of both nourishment and destruction. It represents our ancestors’ collective experiences with a mother who was capable of either nurturing or destroying them. Today, gardens, plowed fields, a grandmother, Mother Nature, or a witch symbolizes the great mother archetype.
6. The wise old man is the archetype of wisdom and meaning, but his wisdom and meaning is superficial and deceptive. A father, grandfather, teacher, rabbi, or priest symbolizes the wise old man archetype.
7. The hero archetype is represented as a powerful man, and it is represented sometimes as part god. However, the hero has a tragic flaw, or weakness. Without such a weakness, no one could be heroic; that is, one must be vulnerable to be a hero. In legends and fairy tales, a strong person who conquers a villain using great personal courage represents the hero archetype. The hero is also symbolic of ancient humanity conquering darkness and achieving consciousness.
8. The self is an all-inclusive archetype that includes all aspects of personality, both conscious and unconscious. The self is manifested by our quest for perfection, completion, and self-realization. It is symbolized by the mandala, or a perfect geometric figure.

Page: 112–120

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

3. Discuss Carl Jung’s notion of extraversion and introversion.

 

Answer:

 

1. Carl Jung’s ideas of extraversion and introversion are not the same as most people’s views of extraversion and introversion. To Carl Jung, an extravert is not necessarily someone who is socially outgoing; rather, it is someone who looks at things objectively—in much the same way that others look at them.
2. An introvert, in Carl Jung’s psychology, is someone who takes a personalized or individualistic view of the world. An introvert is in tune with his or her subjective world, including dreams, unique opinions, biases, and fantasies. Introverts have a minority view of things and look to their own standards rather than socially popular standards.
3. Besides the levels of the psyche and the dynamics of personality, Jung recognized various psychological types that grow out of a union of two basic attitudes—introversion and extraversion—and four separate functions—thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuiting.

Page: 122–124

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

4. As a boy, Carl Jung became aware of his No. 1 and No. 2 personalities. Which of the following statements is true about his No. 2 personality?
5. A. It knew feelings unknown to the No. 1 personality.
6. It was a reflection of the Egyptian empress Cleopatra.
7. It was his persona, or face, that he showed to other people.
8. It was extraverted and in tune with the objective world.

Page: 106–107

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

5. Which of the following is the reason why Sigmund Freud groomed Carl Jung to be his successor?
6. Jung was Jewish.
7. Jung was unmarried.
8. Jung was Viennese.
9. Jung was a lawyer.
10. E. None of the answers is correct.

Page: 107–108

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

6. Carl Jung’s warm relationship with Sigmund Freud began to collapse when
7. Jung learned of Freud’s love affair with his sister-in-law.
8. B. the two men began to interpret one another’s dreams.
9. Freud learned of Jung’s frequent affairs.
10. Jung refused to travel with Freud to the United States.

Page: 108

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

7. Carl Jung, like Sigmund Freud, based his personality theory on the assumption that that the mind, or psyche,
8. A. has conscious and unconscious aspects.
9. draws psychic energy from the ego.
10. is dominated by archetypes.
11. remains inactive during the latency period.
12. begins to develop during late infancy.

Page: 110

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

8. According to Carl Jung, the unconscious can be divided into the
9. A. personal and the collective.
10. animalistic and the humanistic.
11. amoral and the moral.
12. asocial and the social.
13. preconscious and the unconscious proper.

Page: 110

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

9. In the context of Carl Jung’s personality theory, which of the following statements is true about the ego in the conscious level of the psyche?
10. A. The ego takes a secondary position to the unconscious self in a psychologically healthy person.
11. Carl Jung’s notion of the ego is less restrictive than Sigmund Freud’s.
12. Unconscious elements have a strong relationship with the ego.
13. Conscious images are those that the ego is unable to sense.

Page: 110

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

10. In the context of Jungian theory, which of the following statements is true about the ego?
11. It is completely unconscious.
12. B. It is the center of consciousness.
13. It develops after individuation.
14. It has the same characteristics as the self.

Page: 110

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

11. According to Carl Jung, which of the following statements is true about a complex?
12. It is the unconscious, repressed, feminine aspect of a man.
13. It is the part of the personality that is turned toward the outside world.
14. It is the center of the self.
15. D. It is an emotionally toned conglomeration of associated ideas.

Page: 111

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

12. In Jungian psychology, repressed, forgotten, or subliminally perceived experiences are part of the
13. ego.
14. persona.
15. C. personal unconscious.
16. collective unconscious.
17. archetypal unconscious.

Page: 111

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

13. What did Carl Jung call the contents of the personal unconscious?
14. fantasies
15. archetypes
16. instincts
17. D. complexes

Page: 111

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

14. In the context of Carl Jung’s personality theory, which of the following statements is true about the collective unconscious level of the psyche?
15. The contents of the collective unconscious are widely different for people in different cultures.
16. B. The collective unconscious refers to humans’ innate tendency to react in a particular way whenever their experiences stimulate a biologically inherited response tendency.
17. The collective unconscious represents Carl Jung’s least controversial, and perhaps his least distinctive, concept.
18. In contrast to the personal unconscious, which has roots in the ancestral past of the entire species, the collective unconscious results from individual experiences.

Page: 111

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

15. Carl Jung’s notion of the collective unconscious refers to
16. repressed childhood experiences.
17. repressed experiences from adolescence.
18. ideas inherited from our ancestors.
19. D. people’s tendency to react in a particular way whenever their experiences stimulate a biologically inherited response tendency.

Page: 111

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

16. Carl Jung defined the term “instinct” as
17. the ability to fuse one’s identity with that of another person without a fear of losing it.
18. an irrational function that involves perception of elementary data that are beyond an individual’s awareness.
19. C. an unconscious physical impulse toward action.
20. a feeling of uneasiness with an unknown cause.

Page: 112

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

17. Which of the following statements is true about archetypes?
18. They are consciously determined.
19. They lack a biological basis.
20. They themselves can be directly represented.
21. D. They can help shape personality.

Page: 112

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

18. _____ are ancient or archaic images that derive from the collective unconscious.
19. Extraverted images
20. Complexes
21. Word associations
22. D. Archetypes

Page: 112

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

19. According to Carl Jung, when a personal experience corresponds to the latent primordial image,
20. self-realization and individuation occur.
21. an instinct is discharged.
22. psychotic behavior intensifies.
23. D. an archetype is activated.
24. the anima touches the animus.

Page: 112

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

20. The side of personality that people show to the world is designated as the
21. A.
22. anima.
23. shadow.
24. animus.

Page: 113

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

21. According to Carl Jung, the archetype that manifests itself as one’s social role is the
22. A.
23. individual.
24. shadow.
25. self.

Page: 113–114

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

22. Which of the following occurs when individuals identify too closely with their personas?
23. They remain in touch with their inner selves.
24. B. They are blocked from attaining self-realization.
25. They remain independent of society’s expectations of them.
26. They are more conscious of their individuality.

Page: 114

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

23. In the context of archetypes, the _____ represents those qualities that people do not wish to acknowledge but attempt to hide from themselves and others.
24. persona
25. anima
26. C. shadow
27. animus

Page: 114

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

24. Carl Jung believed that psychologically healthy people should
25. A. recognize their persona but not confuse it with the self.
26. have no persona.
27. use their persona as a shield against self-realization.
28. identify with their persona and use it as a guideline for effective interpersonal relations.

Page: 114

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

25. In the context of archetypes, which of the following statements is true about the shadow?
26. A. It is the archetype of darkness and repression.
27. It springs from the personal conscious.
28. It represents humanity’s search for transcendence.
29. All of the answers are correct.

Page: 114

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

26. The first test of one’s courage, according to Carl Jung, is to
27. recognize one’s inheritance.
28. recognize the animus.
29. C. realize the shadow.
30. submit one’s self to the ego.

Page: 114

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

27. Carl Jung claimed that overcoming moral obstacles and admitting the inferior side of one’s nature may lead to the realization of the
28. A.
29. anima.
30. animus.
31. wise old man.
32. shadow.

Page: 114

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

28. Like Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung believed that
29. A. the collective unconscious is more important than the personal unconscious.
30. all humans are psychologically bisexual.
31. the ego should be the master of personality.
32. motivation is largely conscious.
33. the first four or five years of life are most crucial in shaping personality.

Page: 115

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

29. Carl Jung called the feminine side of males the
30. shadow.
31. persona.
32. C.
33. animus.

Page: 115

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

30. According to Carl Jung, the anima influences the
31. A. irrational moods and feelings in men.
32. irrational moods and feelings in women.
33. irrational thinking and illogical opinions in men.
34. irrational thinking and illogical opinions in women.

Page: 115

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

31. Carl Jung would say that a man who finds women alluring and mysterious may be projecting his _____ archetype onto women.
32. self
33. shadow
34. C. anima
35. animus

Page: 115

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

32. According to Carl Jung, the realization of the anima
33. must come before the realization of the shadow.
34. B. would be represented by a man recognizing his feminine disposition.
35. would result in a man conquering his homosexual ideation.
36. is accomplished by nearly all men during old age.
37. must follow the realization of the self.

Page: 115–116

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

33. During his period of self-analysis, Carl Jung claimed to have carried on a conversation with
34. A. his anima.
35. his animus.
36. his grandfather.
37. Goethe.
38. his shadow.

Page: 122

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

34. According to Carl Jung, which of the following statements is true about the animus?
35. It is an instinct.
36. B. It is the masculine side of women.
37. It represents the evil aspect of men.
38. All of the answers are correct.

Page: 116

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

35. Carl Jung believed that in a woman’s relationships with the men in her life, she is most likely to project her _____ onto those men.
36. anima
37. B. animus
38. persona
39. shadow

Page: 116

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

36. The great mother is Carl Jung’s archetype of
37. farmers and ranchers.
38. B. nourishment and destruction.
39. children.
40. thinking and opinions.

Page: 116

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

37. Symbols for Carl Jung’s great mother archetype include
38. baseball bats, balls, and gloves.
39. politicians, priests, and rabbis.
40. C. trees, gardens, and plowed fields.
41. the moon and the stars.

Page: 116

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

38. In the context of archetypes, which of the following statements is true about the animus?
39. It is incapable of influencing the thinking of a woman.
40. It originated from early men’s experiences with men.
41. It belongs to the personal unconscious.
42. D. It is symbolic of thinking and reasoning.

Page: 116

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

39. Which of the following archetypes is the explanation for the irrational thinking and illogical opinions often attributed to women?
40. A. the animus
41. the persona
42. the great mother
43. the shadow

Page: 116

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

40. Carl Jung’s archetype of wisdom and meaning is the
41. anima.
42. animus.
43. self.
44. D. wise old man.
45. great mother.

Page: 117

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

41. The wizard in the Wizard of Oz symbolizes which Jungian archetype?
42. A. the wise old man
43. the self
44. the great mother
45. the animus
46. the anima

Page: 117

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

42. Certain political and religious leaders rely on charisma and verbal persuasions to influence multitudes of people. Carl Jung would say that the spell these individuals cast over others might be due to their _____ archetype.
43. animus
44. shadow
45. C. wise old man
46. persona

Page: 117

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

43. According to Carl Jung, in dreams, figures such as a teacher, philosopher, doctor, or priest may personify the _____ archetype.
44. ego
45. self
46. anima
47. shadow
48. E. wise old man

Page: 117

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

44. According to Carl Jung, which of the following statements is true about the hero archetype?
45. It is sometimes part god.
46. It fights to conquer evil.
47. It frequently has a tragic flaw.
48. D. All of the answers are correct.

Page: 117–118

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

45. Which of these people is most likely to represent Carl Jung’s hero archetype?
46. A. a frightened person who overcomes fear to save another person from harm
47. an immortal person who fights to protect another person from harm
48. a man who overcomes his anima and thus becomes more desirable to women
49. a woman who overcomes her animus and thus becomes more desirable to men

Page: 117–118

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

46. Mythical characters such as Achilles and comic book character Superman personify which Jungian archetype?
47. the shadow
48. the persona
49. the wise old man
50. the animus
51. E. the hero

Page: 118

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

47. According to Carl Jung, the achievement of consciousness by our distant ancestors is reflected in the hero’s
48. divine birth.
49. tragic flaw.
50. superhuman strength.
51. D. conquest of darkness.

Page: 118

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

48. The mandala represents Carl Jung’s _____ archetype.
49. A. self
50. hero
51. ego
52. wise old man
53. great mother

Page: 118

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

49. Which Jungian archetype includes the other archetypes and represents wholeness or completion?
50. the ego
51. B. the self
52. the persona
53. the shadow

Page: 118

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

50. In Jungian psychology, _____ is the archetype of archetypes.
51. A. the self
52. the id
53. consciousness
54. the persona

Page: 118

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

51. Which of the following statements is true about progression?
52. It involves relying on a forward flow of psychic energy in order to adapt to the inner world.
53. B. It brings about too much one-sidedness and failure in adaptation if regression is excluded.
54. It activates the unconscious psyche, an essential aid in the solution of most problems.
55. It alone can help people in attaining individual growth.

Page: 121

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

52. Which of the following statements is true about regression?
53. It involves the backward flow of psychic energy in order to adapt to the outside world.
54. It alone can help people in attaining self-realization.
55. C. It activates the process of healthy personality development when combined with progression.
56. It fails to activate the unconscious psyche, an essential aid in problem-solving.

Page: 121

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

53. Which of the following statements is true about progression?
54. It brings about too much one-sidedness and failure in adaptation when combined with regression.
55. It activates the unconscious psyche, an essential aid in the solution of most problems.
56. It alone is sufficient for the attainment of a goal.
57. D. It inclines a person to react consistently to a given set of environmental conditions.

Page: 121

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

54. Which of the following statements is true about Jungian psychology?
55. It is basically causal.
56. It is essentially teleological.
57. C. It emphasizes a balance between causality and teleology.
58. It assumes the validity of Sigmund Freud’s position on causality versus teleology.

Page: 121

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

55. On the dimension of causality versus teleology, Carl Jung
56. A. had a middle position.
57. favored causality.
58. favored teleology.
59. did not take a position.

Page: 121

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

56. Which of the following statements is true about introverts?
57. They are overly suspicious of the subjective attitude, whether their own or that of someone else.
58. They tend to focus on the objective attitude while suppressing the subjective.
59. They are more influenced by their surroundings than by their inner world.
60. D. They perceive the external world selectively and with their own subjective view.

Page: 122

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

57. To Carl Jung, the two basic attitudes are
58. A. introversion and extraversion.
59. thinking and feeling.
60. conscious and unconscious.
61. sensing and intuiting.
62. sensing and feeling.

Page: 122

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

58. Carl Jung called an inclination to act or react in a characteristic direction
59. a function.
60. B. an attitude.
61. a type.
62. a complex.
63. an archetype.

Page: 122

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

59. According to Carl Jung, introversion is basically
60. feminine.
61. masculine.
62. C.
63. objective.

Page: 122

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

60. According to Carl Jung, if people’s introversion is conscious, then their
61. shadow is realized.
62. mandala is conscious.
63. C. extraversion is unconscious.
64. extraversion is also conscious.

Page: 122

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

61. In Jungian theory, types include
62. A. both attitudes and functions.
63. only attitudes.
64. only functions.
65. neither attitudes nor functions.

Page: 122

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

62. According Jungian psychology, a psychologically healthy person has a
63. predominance of introversion.
64. predominance of extraversion.
65. C. balance between introversion and extraversion.
66. lack of both introversion and extraversion.

Page: 122–123

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

63. According to Jungian psychology, a person primarily concerned with external matters such as financial success, competition, and material possessions is
64. introverted.
65. B.
66. dominated by his or her persona.
67. self-realized.
68. neurotic.

Page: 123–124

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

64. Carl Jung would consider a person who relies blindly on thoughts and ideas that have been transmitted from others to be an _____ type.
65. extraverted feeling
66. introverted sensing
67. introverted feeling
68. extraverted intuiting
69. E. extraverted thinking

Page: 124

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

65. In the context of Jungian psychology, which of the following statements is true about introverted thinking types?
66. They do not react to external stimuli.
67. B. They find their interpretation of an event more important than the “facts.”
68. They base their decisions primarily on objective phenomena.
69. They are concerned only with subjective phenomena because they have no contact with the external world.

Page: 124

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

66. According to Carl Jung, which of the following functions tells us the value of something?
67. A. feeling
68. introversion
69. extraversion
70. thinking

Page: 124

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

67. In Jungian theory, extraverted feeling types are more likely than other types to
68. A. become businessmen or politicians.
69. become artists and to rely on subjective evaluations.
70. suffer from pathological guilt.
71. suffer from extreme mood swings.

Page: 125

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

68. In the context of Jungian psychology, which of the following statements is true about introverted feeling types?
69. They follow traditional beliefs.
70. They rely primarily on objective facts.
71. C. They are relatively indifferent to the opinions of others.
72. They place extremely high value on the opinions of others.

Page: 125

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

69. Pablo Picasso’s abstract art best represents an _____ type person according to Jungian psychology.
70. extraverted feeling
71. introverted feeling
72. C. introverted sensing
73. extraverted sensing

Page: 125

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

70. Which of the following statements is true about extraverted feeling people?
71. A. They are likely to be at ease in social situations, knowing on the spur of the moment what to say and how to say it.
72. They base their value judgments primarily on subjective perceptions rather than objective facts.
73. They have an individualized conscience, a taciturn demeanor, and an unfathomable psyche.
74. They ignore traditional opinions and beliefs, and their indifference to the objective world often causes persons around them to feel uncomfortable.

Page: 125

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

71. According to Carl Jung, which of the following functions involves perception beyond consciousness?
72. thinking
73. feeling
74. sensation
75. D. intuition

Page: 125

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

72. According to Jungian psychology, religious fanatics swept up in a strongly felt cause are frequently _____ types.
73. A. introverted intuiting
74. introverted thinking
75. introverted sensing
76. introverted judging

Page: 126

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

73. In the context of the various stages of development, which of the following statements is true about Carl Jung’s idea of the anarchic phase of childhood?
74. It is easily recalled by most adults.
75. It is the source of adult dreams.
76. It is characterized by a highly differentiated consciousness.
77. D. It is characterized by a chaotic and sporadic consciousness.

Page: 127

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

74. In the context of the stages of development, which of the following statements is true about the anarchic phase of childhood?
75. During this phase, the islands of consciousness become continuous land, inhabited by an ego-complex that recognizes itself as both object and subject.
76. B. This phase is characterized by experiences that enter consciousness as primitive images, incapable of being accurately verbalized.
77. This phase is characterized by the development of the ego and by the beginning of logical and verbal thinking.
78. During this phase, children see themselves objectively and often refer to themselves in the third person.

Page: 127

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

75. The major difficulty facing youth is to overcome the natural tendency to cling to the narrow consciousness of childhood, thus avoiding problems pertinent to the present time of life. This desire to live in the past is called
76. individuation.
77. the cardinal disposition.
78. C. the conservative principle.
79. the vicarious experience.

Page: 128

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

76. According to Carl Jung, the ego is divided into objective and subjective aspects during the _____ phase of childhood.
77. A. dualistic
78. monarchic
79. anarchic
80. bimodal

Page: 128

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

77. According to Carl Jung, which of the following statements is true about individuation?
78. It is a common occurrence among young people.
79. It requires inflating the ego.
80. C. It involves replacing the ego with the self.
81. It develops only one function exclusively.

Page: 129

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

78. In the context of Carl Jung’s theory, the process of actualizing the various components of personality best describes
79. A.
80. introversion.
81. extraversion.
82. a style of life.
83. active imagination.

Page: 129–130

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

79. The basic purpose of the word association test in Jungian psychology today is to
80. measure intelligence.
81. B. uncover feeling-toned complexes.
82. activate archetypes.
83. interpret big dreams.

Page: 130

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

80. Carl Jung disagreed with Sigmund Freud’s belief that dreams
81. were both causal and teleological.
82. originated in the strivings for superiority.
83. had a latent meaning.
84. D. were wish fulfillments.

Page: 131

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

81. The ultimate goal of Jungian dream interpretation is to
82. enhance the persona.
83. uncover hidden sexual urges.
84. conquer unconscious fears.
85. D. facilitate self-realization.

Page: 131

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

82. Which of the following was cited by Carl Jung as evidence for the existence of the collective unconscious?
83. A. big dreams
84. early recollections
85. the word association test
86. all of the answers are correct.

Page: 131

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

83. An introverted person has extraverted dreams. Carl Jung would say this demonstrates a(n) _____ purpose of dreams.
84. A. compensatory
85. prophetic
86. entropic
87. equivalent
88. progressive

Page: 131

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

84. Carl Jung developed the _____ technique during his self-analysis and later used it with many of his patients.
85. free association
86. word association test
87. bibliotherapy
88. rational-emotive therapy
89. E. active imagination

Page: 133

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

85. According to Carl Jung, the confession of a pathogenic secret in psychotherapy involves
86. A. the cathartic method.
87. the psychoanalytic approach.
88. a social interest.
89. a stage of transformation.

Page: 134

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

86. Which of the following terms is used to describe a therapist’s feelings toward a patient during the course of treatment?
87. A. countertransference
88. progression
89. individuation
90. causality

Page: 135

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

87. One of the criticisms of Jungian theory is that
88. it has failed to create any Jungian therapists.
89. it has generated no research.
90. C. it is nearly impossible to falsify.
91. it lacks popular appeal.

Page: 139

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

88. Carl Jung’s theory sees humans as
89. A. combinations of a number of opposing forces.
90. evolved animals with no animal instincts.
91. destined to destroy themselves or others with modern warfare.
92. biological creatures trapped in a social environment.
93. helpless to shape their own behavior and personality.

Page: 140

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

 

Category                                                                                                                             # of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation                                                                                                              88