Traditions & Encounters A Brief Global History 4Th Edition By Jerry Bentley – Test Bank

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Traditions & Encounters A Brief Global History 4Th Edition By Jerry Bentley – Test Bank

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Chapter 02

Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (p. 27)Which of the following societies began the custom of embalming to preserve the body for its life after death?
   A. Egypt
   B. Mesopotamia
   C. India
   D. China
   E. Persia

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

2. (p. 28)Around ________ B.C.E., peoples of the eastern Sudan started to domesticate cattle and became nomadic herders.
   A. 25,000
   B. 18,000
   C. 9000
   D. 4000
   E. 1500

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

 

 

3. (p. 28-29)The early Sudanic societies recognized a single divine force as the source of good and evil, and they associated it with
   A. fire.
   B. the ocean.
   C. the sun.
   D. rain.
   E. the moon.

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

4. (p. 29)The Greek historian Herodotus used the phrase “the gift of the ________” to describe Egypt.
   A. Indus
   B. Huang He
   C. Nile
   D. Tigris
   E. Issus

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

5. (p. 30)The earliest Egyptian and Nubian states were
   A. city-states.
   B. small kingdoms.
   C. centralized empires.
   D. trading networks.
   E. unified early because of the unique nature of the Tigris.

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

 

 

6. (p. 30)Tradition suggests that Egypt was united around 3100 B.C.E. by the conqueror
   A. Menes.
   B. Khufu.
   C. Sargon of Akkad.
   D. Hatshepsut.
   E. Hammurabi.

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

7. (p. 30-31)The largest Egyptian pyramids were built during the
   A. Middle Kingdom.
   B. Old Kingdom.
   C. New Kingdom.
   D. Archaic Period.
   E. Second Intermediary Period.

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

8. (p. 31)The pyramid of ________ is the largest of all the pyramids.
   A. Sargon of Akkad
   B. Khufu
   C. Hyksos
   D. Menes
   E. Giza

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

 

 

9. (p. 31)The capital of the kingdom of Kush was
   A. Kerma.
   B. Axum.
   C. Memphis.
   D. Harappa.
   E. Harkhuf.

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

10. (p. 31)Harkhuf was
    A. the capital of Kush.
    B. the most powerful pharaoh of the Old Kingdom.
    C. an Egyptian explorer who visited Nubia.
    D. the largest Middle Kingdom pyramid.
    E. the first woman pharaoh.

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

11. (p. 31)Pharaohs in the New Kingdom were
    A. more powerful than pharaohs of the Old Kingdom.
    B. descended from a line of Babylonian kings.
    C. set on the throne by the Roman emperor Julius Caesar.
    D. more vigorous in their attempts to extend Egyptian authority beyond the Nile valley and delta.
    E. sacrificed at age thirty-two to insure a bountiful harvest.

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

 

 

12. (p. 30)Around 3100 B.C.E., the conqueror Menes founded ________, a city that would serve as the capital for early Egypt.
    A. Heliopolis
    B. Kerma
    C. Uruk
    D. Memphis
    E. Thebes

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

13. (p. 31)The Hyksos were
    A. nomads who eventually settled around the city of Babylon.
    B. horse-riding external invaders who eventually captured Memphis and levied tribute throughout Egypt.
    C. Mesopotamian kings.
    D. the priestly class in ancient Egypt.
    E. demons who punished the wicked in the Egyptian underworld.

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

14. (p. 31)Horse-drawn chariots and bronze weapons were introduced into Egypt by the
    A. Hyksos.
    B. Babylonians.
    C. Kushites.
    D. Harappans.
    E. Qin.

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

 

 

15. (p. 31-32)The most vigorous of all New Kingdom pharaohs was ________, who led his troops into Palestine and Syria and who even received tribute from the Mesopotamian city-states.
    A. Ahmose I
    B. Menes
    C. Sargon of Akkad
    D. Tuthmosis III
    E. Hatshepsut

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

16. (p. 31-32)The Egyptians were the most imperialistic during the
    A. First Intermediary Period.
    B. Archaic Period.
    C. New Kingdom.
    D. Old Kingdom.
    E. Middle Kingdom.

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

17. (p. 33)During the eighth century B.C.E., Egypt fell under the control of the ________ for around a century.
    A. Persians
    B. Romans
    C. Greeks
    D. Babylonians
    E. Kushites

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

 

 

18. (p. 33)Around 760 B.C.E. the Kushite king Kashta
    A. ended the rule of Egypt by the pharaoh.
    B. founded a dynasty that ruled Egypt for around a hundred years.
    C. formed a long-lasting trading agreement with Egypt, marking their first contact.
    D. surrendered to Assyrian domination.
    E. surrendered to Egyptian domination.

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

19. (p. 34)In the mid-seventh century B.C.E. Egypt lost its independence and became a part of the
    A. Assyrian empire.
    B. Arabic empire.
    C. Persian empire.
    D. Roman empire.
    E. Harappan empire.

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

20. (p. 35)Hatshepsut was
    A. a Mesopotamian king of the gods.
    B. the Hebrew term for their god.
    C. the first conqueror to unite all of Mesopotamia.
    D. a woman who ruled Egypt as pharaoh.
    E. the most important early city of the Harappan society.

 

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Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

 

 

21. (p. 35)In which of the following societies did women enjoy the most political influence?
    A. Mesopotamia
    B. Egypt
    C. Hyksos
    D. Assyria
    E. Sumer

 

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Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

22. (p. 35)In Kush,
    A. the cities were much larger than they were in Egypt.
    B. a woman’s only role was to serve as a slave.
    C. there were apparently never any female rulers.
    D. trade was officially restricted with Egypt.
    E. there is evidence of many female rulers.

 

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Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

23. (p. 35)In Africa, iron metallurgy
    A. was introduced by Persian merchants.
    B. did not appear until after the rise of trans-Saharan trade.
    C. arose independently.
    D. began after an odd meeting between a Kushite king and the Egyptian explorer Harkhuf.
    E. was imported into the continent by trade with the Mesopotamians.

 

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Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

 

 

24. (p. 39)The Egyptians traded through the Red Sea with a land they called Punt, which was probably
    A. Harappan India.
    B. Sri Lanka.
    C. modern-day Somalia.
    D. Assyria.
    E. modern-day Angola.

 

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Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

25. (p. 39)The Greek words meaning “holy inscriptions” refer to
    A. hieroglyphs.
    B. cuneiform.
    C. the Old Testament.
    D. the Phoenician alphabet.
    E. the Coptic script.

 

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Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

26. (p. 39)Meroitic writing
    A. has now been completely translated.
    B. expressed the general Egyptian optimism with life.
    C. was introduced into India by the Indo-Europeans.
    D. was a Nubian script that borrowed Egyptian hieroglyphs.
    E. cannot be read because it’s simply too different from its base cuneiform.

 

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Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

 

 

27. (p. 40)The cult of Amon-Re
    A. was a failed monotheistic religion in Egypt.
    B. worshipped the god of the underworld.
    C. revered a combination of two gods associated with the sun.
    D. worshipped the Egyptian god of the desert.
    E. was borrowed by the Egyptians from Nubian sources.

 

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Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

28. (p. 40)Which pharaoh tried, unsuccessfully, to transform Egypt into a monotheistic society?
    A. Menes
    B. Akhenaten
    C. Tuthmosis III
    D. Ahmose I
    E. Tuthmosis I

 

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Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

29. (p. 40)The Egyptian god of the underworld was
    A. Amon-Re.
    B. Aten.
    C. Horus.
    D. Osiris.
    E. Ptah.

 

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Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

 

 

30. (p. 40)Osiris judged whether or not souls were worthy of immortality
    A. by weighing their hearts against a feather symbolizing justice.
    B. through their completion of a journey full of tests.
    C. through the individual’s level of sincere faith in Osiris as a redeemer.
    D. by examining their holiness at the moment of their death.
    E. through their adherence to the code of Hammurabi.

 

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Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

31. (p. 41)The Bantu originally came from around
    A. the Swahili area.
    B. modern-day Nigeria.
    C. far southern Africa.
    D. Egypt.
    E. modern-day Algeria.

 

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Topic: Bantu Migrations and Early Sub-Saharan Agricultural Societies

32. (p. 42)The tribes that, as early as 3000 B.C.E., began to spread their language and agricultural techniques throughout Africa were the
    A. Mali.
    B. Persians.
    C. Xiongnu.
    D. Kongo.
    E. Bantu.

 

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Topic: Bantu Migrations and Early Sub-Saharan Agricultural Societies

 

 

33. (p. 42)By spreading their language across a huge stretch of Africa, the Bantu played a role similar to that played by the
    A. Indo-Europeans.
    B. Mongols.
    C. Xiongnu.
    D. Visigoths.
    E. Babylonians.

 

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Topic: Bantu Migrations and Early Sub-Saharan Agricultural Societies

34. (p. 42)The Bantu probably began their migrations because of
    A. invasions from the Mediterranean basin.
    B. a conscious desire for conquest.
    C. the threat of epidemic disease.
    D. a desire to spread their monotheistic faith.
    E. population pressures.

 

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Topic: Bantu Migrations and Early Sub-Saharan Agricultural Societies

 

True / False Questions

35. (p. 27)Mummification was the process by which Egyptians preserved bodies of deceased individuals.
    TRUE

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

 

 

36. (p. 39)The Egyptians supplemented their pictographs with symbols representing sounds and ideas; they were called hieroglyphs by the Greeks.
    TRUE

 

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Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

37. (p. 31)The New Kingdom was a powerful Egyptian state created after the Hyksos were pushed out of power.
    TRUE

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

38. (p. 40)Osiris was the Egyptian god of the underworld.
    TRUE

 

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Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

39. (p. 30)Menes is credited with unification of Egypt about 3100 B.C.E. He also founded the city of Memphis.
    TRUE

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

40. (p. 35)Queen Hatshepsut served as co-ruler with her stepson Tuthmosis III.
    TRUE

 

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Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

 

 

41. (p. 31)Harkhuf was a Nubian trader who brought back exotic products from tropical Africa.
    FALSE

 

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Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

42. (p. 40)Akhenaten was devoted to the Egyptian god Aten. This represented one of the world’s first expressions of monotheism.
    TRUE

 

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Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

43. (p. 31)Kerma was the ancient capital of Nubia.
    FALSE

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

44. (p. 28)The Nile River links the Mediterranean basin to the north and sub-Saharan Africa to the south.
    TRUE

 

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Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

 

 

 

Essay Questions

45. In The Great Hymn to Aten, the god Aten is referred to as “O Sole God beside whom there is none!” Why was this statement so revolutionary for the time? What were the foundations of Akhenaten’s beliefs? Were their other examples from the ancient world of monotheistic religions?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

46. What were the major achievements of the Egyptians? How did they influence later societies?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

47. What could the modern reader learn about the relationship between Egypt and Nubia by reading Harkhuf’s account of his journey to Nubia? What did the two societies have in common?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

48. Examine the creation of early methods of writing. How did this innovation influence the lives of the peoples of the ancient world?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

 

 

49. Compare and contrast the worldviews of the Mesopotamians and Egyptians. What factors help to explain any differences?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

50. How influential were the societies of Nubia in the ancient world? In what ways were the Kushite kingdoms unique?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

51. Compare and contrast the religious beliefs of the Mesopotamians, Egyptians, and Hebrews. What do the differences tell us about these societies?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

52. Discuss the concept of an afterlife. Why did the Egyptians reach a complex understanding of this concept before the Mesopotamians? Does this mean that the Egyptians were morbid?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

 

 

53. In what ways do the pyramids express the worldview of the Egyptians?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

54. Trace the political history of the Egyptians. What were the major events and contributions of the Old and New Kingdoms?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

55. Compare the social structure of the Mesopotamians and Egyptians. What were the conditions for women like during this period?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

56. What role did technological innovations and trade play in the rise of the Egyptians? What innovations led to turning points in the history of Egypt? How widely did the Egyptians trade?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

 

 

57. Examine the illustration of Osiris on page 39. What does this ceremony tell us about the Egyptian view of death, morality, and the afterworld?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

58. What do the pyramids tell us about Egyptian political and religious views? What do they tell us about the social structure of Egyptian society?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

59. Describe the development of hieroglyphic and Meroitic writing and their influence on culture.

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

60. How did climatic change influence the early development of African cultures?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

 

 

61. How did the institution of the pharaoh evolve, and what was the nature of the pharaoh’s power through the Old Kingdom period?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

62. Describe the early Kingdom of Kush. What was its relationship with Egypt like?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

63. How did the invasion of the Hyksos influence the later development of Egypt?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

64. In what ways was the New Kingdom period of Egypt different from the earlier ones? What were the relations with Kush like during this period?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early African Agricultural Society

65. What was society like in Egypt and Nubia in terms of both social classes and gender roles?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

 

 

66. What kind of transportation systems did the Egyptians use, and how did their transportation influence the development of their trade networks?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa

67. What was the societal structure of the early Bantu speakers, and how did they approach food acquisition?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Bantu Migrations and Early Sub-Saharan Agricultural Societies

68. How did the Bantu migrations influence the development of the societies of sub-Saharan Africa?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Bantu Migrations and Early Sub-Saharan Agricultural Societies

69. How did the development of iron tools change the nature of the Bantu migrations and their impact?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Bantu Migrations and Early Sub-Saharan Agricultural Societies

 

 

70. Describe the religious beliefs of the Bantu peoples and compare them to those of the Egyptians.

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Bantu Migrations and Early Sub-Saharan Agricultural Societies

Chapter 04

Early Societies in the Americas and Oceania

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (p. 63)Ritual bloodletting was crucial to Maya rituals because
   A. it pleased their god Indra.
   B. the flow of blood terrified their enemies.
   C. it was associated with rain and agriculture.
   D. they had copied the technique from the earlier Aztecs.
   E. blood was considered taboo.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

2. (p. 65)By 4000 B.C.E., the staple food of Mesoamerica was
   A. squash.
   B. beans.
   C. fish.
   D. maize.
   E. potato.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

3. (p. 65)Agriculture had spread through Mesoamerica by
   A. 30,000 B.C.E.
   B. 20,000 B.C.E.
   C. 10,000 B.C.E.
   D. 2000 B.C.E.
   E. 500 C.E.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

 

 

4. (p. 65-66)The first society of Mesoamerica, which founded traditions followed by all later societies, was the
   A. Maya.
   B. Olmec.
   C. Teotihuacan.
   D. Mochica.
   E. Aztec.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

5. (p. 66)The term Olmec means
   A. “lords.”
   B. “masters of the middle earth.”
   C. “rubber people.”
   D. “wanderers.”
   E. “noble people.”

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

6. (p. 66)The first ceremonial center of the Olmecs was
   A. San Lorenzo.
   B. La Venta.
   C. Teotihuacan.
   D. Kaminaljuyu.
   E. Tikal.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

 

 

7. (p. 66)The Olmec common people
   A. labored regularly on behalf of the Olmec elite.
   B. were exclusively the subject of human sacrifice.
   C. lived alongside the elite in the major ceremonial centers.
   D. lived a much more privileged life than their European counterparts did.
   E. enjoyed a basic democracy.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

8. (p. 66)The most characteristic artistic creations of the Olmecs were
   A. pyramids.
   B. elaborate murals.
   C. temples.
   D. ziggurats covered with a limestone finish.
   E. colossal human heads sculpted from basalt.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

9. (p. 66)The Olmec ceremonial centers of San Lorenzo and La Venta were destroyed by
   A. earthquakes.
   B. the Maya.
   C. the Teotihuacan.
   D. the Olmecs themselves.
   E. volcanic eruptions that trapped the survivors and left distinctive archaeological records.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

 

 

10. (p. 66)The Olmecs traded extensively in all of the following items EXCEPT
    A. horses.
    B. jade.
    C. obsidian.
    D. small works of art.
    E. animal skins.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

11. (p. 66)Later Mesoamerican societies used calendars derived ultimately from the model created by the
    A. Maya.
    B. Mochica.
    C. Olmecs.
    D. Aztecs.
    E. Incas.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

12. (p. 67)What product was such a precious commodity that the Maya used it as money?
    A. maize
    B. cotton
    C. silt
    D. cacao beans
    E. potatoes

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

 

 

13. (p. 67)The most important political center of the Maya realm at its height was
    A. Kaminaljuyu.
    B. Teotihuacan.
    C. Tikal.
    D. Chavín.
    E. San Lorenzo.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

14. (p. 67)Which of the following devices did the ancient Maya build in order to trap silt carried by the numerous rivers passing through the Mesoamerican lowlands?
    A. dams
    B. massive irrigation tunnels
    C. terraces
    D. primitive water purification filters
    E. moats

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

15. (p. 68)In the ninth century C.E., a loose Maya empire was constructed by the state of
    A. Tikal.
    B. Kaminaljuyu.
    C. Chavín.
    D. Teotihuacan.
    E. Chichén Itzá.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

 

 

16. (p. 68)Which of the following mathematical concepts, essential for positional notation and the manipulation of large numbers, was invented by Maya mathematicians?
    A. infinity
    B. zero
    C. long division
    D. exponential notation
    E. negative numerals

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

17. (p. 68)The Maya calendar interwove a solar year of 365 days and a ritual calendar of ________ days.
    A. 100
    B. 260
    C. 730
    D. 1,000
    E. 1,243

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

18. (p. 68)The Maya attributed great significance to the amount of time it took the solar and ritual calendars to simultaneously return to their respective starting points. This event took place every ________ solar years.
    A. 10
    B. 26
    C. 52
    D. 76
    E. 88

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

 

 

19. (p. 68)The most flexible and sophisticated system of writing found in the ancient Americas was created by the
    A. Olmecs.
    B. Maya.
    C. Teotihuacan society.
    D. Chavín cult.
    E. Incas.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

20. (p. 68)The Popol Vuh was the
    A. most important of the Maya gods.
    B. largest Olmec ceremonial center.
    C. Maya creation myth.
    D. greatest Austronesian epic.
    E. Olmec law code.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

21. (p. 68)According to the Popol Vuh, the gods created the first successful version of humans out of
    A. wood.
    B. clay.
    C. the flesh of the gods.
    D. maize.
    E. blood.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

 

 

22. (p. 68)How much written material survives from the Maya?
    A. a massive library at Tikal
    B. four books
    C. none
    D. a small library at the ceremonial center of Kaminaljuyu
    E. roughly a thousand books captured by the Aztecs

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

23. (p. 71)The Pyramid of the Sun was located in
    A. Tikal.
    B. La Venta.
    C. San Lorenzo.
    D. Cuzco.
    E. Teotihuacan.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

24. (p. 71)The largest single building in Mesoamerica was the
    A. Maya Temple of the Giant Jaguar.
    B. Teotihuacan Pyramid of the Sun.
    C. Olmec Temple of the Sun.
    D. Maya Imperial Palace.
    E. Olmec Temple of the Moon.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

 

 

25. (p. 71)The population of Teotihuacan rose to
    A. 5,000.
    B. 7,500.
    C. 10,000.
    D. 12,500.
    E. 200,000.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

26. (p. 72)The Chavín cult
    A. was the Teotihuacan worship of an earth god and rain god.
    B. was the primary Olmec religion.
    C. existed in the area occupied by modern Peru.
    D. was practiced in the Maya Temple of the Giant Jaguar.
    E. is the best known religion of the Americas.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of South America

27. (p. 73-74)One of the earliest Andean states, which left a remarkable artistic legacy through its ceramics, was
    A. Chavín.
    B. Teotihuacan.
    C. San Lorenzo.
    D. Mochica.
    E. Maya.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of South America

 

 

28. (p. 76)Malayan, Indonesian, Filipino, Polynesian, and other Oceanic languages are derived from what language?
    A. aboriginal Australian
    B. Chinese
    C. Hindi
    D. Indo-European
    E. Austronesian

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Oceania

29. (p. 76)Which statement correctly describes the relationship between the aboriginal peoples of Australia and New Guinea?
    A. The aboriginal peoples of Australia maintained hunting and gathering societies, while in New Guinea they turned to agriculture.
    B. The two fought a centuries-long civil war.
    C. The aboriginal peoples of New Guinea maintained hunting and gathering societies, while in Australia they turned to agriculture.
    D. The aboriginal peoples of Australia learned their written language from New Guinea.
    E. The aboriginal peoples of New Guinea learned their written language from Australia.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Oceania

30. (p. 77)The Austronesian-speaking peoples became the first human settlers on which large island off the east African coast?
    A. Madagascar
    B. Sri Lanka
    C. Sicily
    D. Easter Island
    E. New Guinea

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Oceania

 

 

31. (p. 77)The Lapita peoples
    A. spread the concept of the wheeled chariot.
    B. worshipped the Chavín cult.
    C. traded with the Mesopotamians.
    D. introduced bronze technology to China.
    E. were the earliest Austronesian migrants to establish human settlements in the Pacific islands.

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Oceania

32. (p. 77)By the middle part of the first millennium B.C.E., Lapita and other Austronesian peoples had established what kind of ruling structure in the Pacific islands they had settled?
    A. hierarchical chiefdom
    B. theocratic
    C. matrilineal
    D. peasant-driven communal
    E. democratic

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Oceania

 

True / False Questions

33. (p. 77)Obsidian is the material out of which the Olmec fashioned tools.
    TRUE

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

34. (p. 73)Mochica was one of the Olmec ceremonial centers.
    FALSE

 

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Topic: Early Societies of South America

 

 

35. (p. 67)The political center of the Maya between the fourth and ninth centuries C.E. was Tikal.
    TRUE

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

36. (p. 72)The Chavín cult was a new religion that appeared in the central Andes around 1000 B.C.E.
    TRUE

 

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Topic: Early Societies of South America

37. (p. 68)The Maya were a Mesoamerican society that developed writing and made advancements in math.
    TRUE

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

38. (p. 71-72)The state of Teotihuacan was famous for its orange pottery, and it built on the Olmec calendar and graphic symbols.
    TRUE

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

39. (p. 71)The Pyramid of the Moon was a Teotihuacan temple and largest in Mesoamerica.
    FALSE

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

 

 

40. (p. 73-74)Mochica was one of the earliest Andean states that left a remarkable artistic legacy.
    TRUE

 

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Topic: Early Societies of South America

41. (p. 76-77)Austronesians brought human settlement to islands of the Pacific Ocean.
    TRUE

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Oceania

42. (p. 65-66)The first Mesoamerican society was the Maya.
    FALSE

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

43. (p. 68)The Popol Vuh is the Maya creation myth.
    TRUE

 

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

 

 

 

Essay Questions

44. In the Popol Vuh, humans were created from maize and water. Why would this explanation have made sense to the Maya? What did the gods want from their human creations? What were the earlier attempts?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

45. How did the state of Chichén Itzá change Mesoamerican society? How did its strategy for expansion differ from other states and kingdoms?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Chichen Itza

46. What factors allowed for the exploration and settlement of Oceania? Did these societies change over time?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Oceania

47. How did a changing climate affect the earliest inhabitants of Mesoamerica?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

 

 

48. What would have caused the societies of the Americas and Oceania to be so different from other societies studied so far? What areas did they have in common?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica
Topic: Early Societies of Oceania
Topic: Early Societies of South America

49. Compare and contrast the political and social structures of the Americas and Oceania. Were these societies shaped differently by isolation?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica
Topic: Early Societies of Oceania
Topic: Early Societies of South America

50. Examine the Popol Vuh. What can this work tell us about the religious world of the Maya? Compare it to other creation stories studied so far in the class.

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

51. Explore the influence of the Olmecs on Mesoamerican society. What were the major foundations of Olmec civilization? How did they influence other societies?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

 

 

52. Discuss the richness and complexity of Maya culture, centering on their accomplishments in writing, astronomy, and math.

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

53. Compare and contrast the political, social, and religious diversity of Mesoamerica and South America. How did government, social structure, and religion differ from region to region?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica
Topic: Early Societies of South America

54. What factors might explain the decline and collapse of Mesoamerican societies such as the Olmecs and the Maya? Why is the decline of these two societies so mysterious?

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

55. In what fundamental ways did the Mesoamerican and South American societies differ from those of Oceania? What did they have in common?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica
Topic: Early Societies of Oceania
Topic: Early Societies of South America

 

 

56. Examine the influences of the Austronesians in the history of Oceania. What factors might have driven the Austronesians to explore and colonize the Pacific Ocean?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Oceania

57. Explore the political and social diversity of Oceania. What factors allowed for these differences?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Oceania

58. Examine the relationship between Mesoamerica and South America. Why was there not more contact between the two areas?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica
Topic: Early Societies of South America

59. What factors help to explain the relative scarcity of information about the early history of the Americas and Oceania? What tools do historians use to study these societies?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica
Topic: Early Societies of Oceania
Topic: Early Societies of South America

 

 

60. Look at Map 4.1, Early Mesoamerican societies, 1200 B.C.E.-1100 C.E. What was the geographical relationship between the Olmecs, Maya, and Teotihuacan? Were the contributions of these societies influenced by geography?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

61. Look at Map 4.2, Early societies of Andean South America, 1000 B.C.E.-700 C.E. Discuss the relationship to water of these early South American societies. Discuss the problems of communications between Mesoamerica and South America as well as within South America itself.

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica
Topic: Early Societies of South America

62. Examine Map 4.3, Early societies of Oceania, 1500 B.C.E.-700 C.E. How were the inspirations for exploration and colonization linked to the geography of the area? Discuss the role played by the Austronesians in this process.

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Oceania

63. Describe Olmec societal structures. What cultural and societal traditions did the Olmecs pass on to later Mesoamerican societies?

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

 

 

64. Look at the picture of Teotihuacan on page 71. How populous and powerful was this city? Discuss the importance of the Pyramid of the Sun.

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

65. Examine the picture of Mochica pottery on page 73. Why would pottery like this be important to scholars as they study South America?

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Topic: Early Societies of South America

66. Look at the representation of mariners on page 76. What part did these mariners and their double hulled voyaging canoes play in the exploration and colonization of Oceania? What lands did they colonize?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Oceania

67. Read the section drawn from the Popol Vuh (see Textbook: Sources from the Past: The Creation of Humanity According to the Popol Vuh). Compare this creation story to others studied in the class. Why did the gods create humans in the first place? Why would it make sense for humans to be made of maize?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

 

 

68. Describe Maya religious beliefs and practices. What was the purpose of their bloodletting rituals?

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

69. Describe the Maya ball game. Why did the Maya play it? What role did it serve in society?

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Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

70. Although there is little direct evidence left of the form of government of Teotihuacan, how do scholars believe the huge population of the city was managed? What role did priests likely play?

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Mesoamerica

71. Compare and contrast the societies that existed under the Chavín cult and the Mochica State.

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of South America

 

 

72. Describe the origins, development, and decline of the Lapita society.

Answers will vary

 

Topic: Early Societies of Oceania