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USA Narrative History Volume 2 Since 1865 7th Edition by James West Davidson – Test Bank
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Chapter 02
Old Worlds, New Worlds 1400-1600
Multiple Choice Questions
- (p. 18)Changes in European society that caused the expansion of European peoples into the New World after 1450 included
A. technological advances in seafaring and weaponry.
B. a deflationary spiral that dried up sources of capital.
C. political decentralization with a democratic philosophy.
D. the rise of women.
Topic: Fifteenth-Century European Expansion
- (p. 22)The Mundus Novus was named after ________ by a German mapmaker.
A. Vespucci
B. Columbus
C. da Gama
D. de León
Topic: Spain in the Americas
- (p. 22)Columbus succeeded in reaching the Americas because
A. he was one of the few Europeans who believed the world was round.
B. he grossly underestimated the distance from Europe to the Indies.
C. he convinced the Spanish monarchs to underwrite a fleet of the largest vessels of that day.
D. the Spanish Reconquista had failed, and Spain needed a different enterprise.
Topic: Spain in the Americas
- (p. 18, 27, 34)By approximately 1625 (a little more than a century after Columbus’s discovery), all of the following were true EXCEPT that
A. the Spanish empire stretched from Mexico south to near the tip of South America.
B. the English had begun efforts to establish a permanent colony in North America.
C. the Portuguese were sailing directly to China around the south tip of Africa.
D. an international fishing community congregated annually off the Newfoundland coast.
Topic: Spain in the Americas
- (p. 22)Columbus mistakenly labeled the Taino people “Indians,” believing that
A. the natives of the Americas originally came from India rather than Siberia.
B. he had reached the Indies.
C. he had reached the American shore.
D. he had reached India.
Topic: Spain in the Americas
- (p. 22)To the continents of the Western Hemisphere, Europeans gave the name America, from a
A. Latinized form of one of Columbus’s given names.
B. Spanish honorary title given Columbus.
C. Florentine geographer’s Latinized first name.
D. version of the name of a Mesoamerican tribe.
Topic: Spain in the Americas
- (p. 24)All of the following explain why Spain conquered the Americas so rapidly, EXCEPT
A. the weakening of native peoples by exposure to European infections.
B. their kindness to the native population, which led the natives to willingly cede their power.
C. political disunity within American native empires.
D. Spanish technological superiority in the form of ships and guns.
Topic: Spain in the Americas
- (p. 23-24)Which of the following was the biggest factor in the early and rapid success of the conquistadors against Native Americans?
A. the military technology of the Spanish
B. the infectious diseases brought by the Spanish
C. the rigid political centralization of the Aztecs, which meant that to capture the emperor was to conquer the empire
D. the bloody religious system of the Aztecs, which meant that the Spanish stress on Christian virtue won converts among Indian peasants
Topic: Spain in the Americas
- (p. 26)By the mid-1500s, the biggest source of Spanish wealth from the New World came from
A. rum.
B. spices.
C. weaponry.
D. silver.
Topic: Spain in the Americas
- (p. 29)What momentous event that occurred throughout Europe distracted England from pursuing empire in the 1500s?
A. the Reformation
B. the Revolution
C. the Renaissance
D. the Reconnaissance
Topic: Religious Reform Divides Europe
- (p. 29)Martin Luther preached
A. the infallibility of the Bible and the church.
B. the need to rebel against unjust or immoral authority.
C. for the rights of the individual and democratic rule.
D. salvation by faith alone.
Topic: Religious Reform Divides Europe
- (p. 30)John Calvin established a “holy commonwealth” that became a center for European Protestantism and later a model for English Puritans. Where was this Calvinist stronghold?
A. Amsterdam
B. Wittenberg
C. Bristol
D. Geneva
Topic: Religious Reform Divides Europe
- (p. 31)King Henry VIII of England broke with the pope in establishing the Church of England and appointing himself its head. The Church of England
A. quickly began promoting a reformist doctrine.
B. remained essentially Catholic.
C. allied itself with reformist Catholics Luther and Calvin.
D. was soon dissolved, after which England returned to its Catholic religious teachings and rituals.
Topic: Religious Reform Divides Europe
- (p. 30)John Calvin preached the
A. free conscience and choice of the individual.
B. calling of the Christian believer to pray with and follow the pope in Rome.
C. calling of the Christian church to actively reshape the world.
D. divine choosing of God’s saints for salvation by the clergy.
Topic: Religious Reform Divides Europe
- (p. 31-32)The English model of conquest and slaughter did not begin in the Americas. The precedent was set in
A. the Cape region at the southern tip of Africa.
B. islands off the West African coast.
C. Ireland.
D. Iceland and Greenland.
Topic: England’s Entry into America
- (p. 31-32)What was the precedent set by the English colonization of Ireland?
A. that a nearby domain was fair game for conquest
B. that Catholics had a perfect right in the name of the church to conquer Protestants
C. that it was justifiable to brutally repress a race that they believed to be inferior
D. that if the Spanish could attempt an attack on the English, the English could respond with an attack on the Irish
Topic: England’s Entry into America
- (p. 31)Elizabeth I urged the colonization of Ireland because
A. as a monarch, she feared that foreign powers would use that contentious island as a base for invading England.
B. as a Protestant, she feared that radical Puritans might use that Catholic island as a base for religious rebellion.
C. as a Catholic, she wanted to reconvert the Protestant Irish.
D. as the daughter of Anne Boleyn, she needed respect and an enlarged realm.
Topic: Religious Reform Divides Europe
- (p. 32)Richard Hakluyt argued that North America would be an ideal place to
A. extend the influence of Catholicism.
B. use as a base to search for a northwest passage.
C. reform the criminal and enrich the poor.
D. create light industry.
Topic: England’s Entry into America
- (p. 32)The first English attempt to colonize the New World failed before it even reached the shores of America. The attempt was led by
A. Gilbert.
B. Fitzgerald.
C. Raleigh.
D. Hakluyt.
Topic: England’s Entry into America
- (p. 32-33)In 1600, England’s settlements in the Americas included
A. Roanoke.
B. Jamestown.
C. Newfoundland.
D. None of these answers is correct.
Topic: England’s Entry into America
Fill in the Blank Questions
- (p. 18)While most accounts begin with Spanish penetration of the Caribbean and Central America, this chapter begins with the second pathway across the North Atlantic, followed by seafarers from England, France, and Portugal to fish off the island of _______.
Newfoundland
Topic: Fifteenth-Century European Expansion
- (p. 20)The nation of ________ led the way in exploring beyond Europe’s known waters using the caravel ship.
Portugal
Topic: Fifteenth-Century European Expansion
- (p. 24)Hernán Cortés was the conquistador who conquered the great empire of the _______.
Aztecs
Topic: Spain in the Americas
- (p. 26)By 1520, the Spanish plantations in the West Indies were being worked by ________ imported from Africa.
slaves
Topic: Spain in the Americas
- (p. 24)The transfer of flora and fauna of the Americas on the one hand and those of Eurasia and Africa on the other is known to historians as the ________ exchange.
Columbian
Topic: Spain in the Americas
- (p. 32)Cabot was never heard from again after setting sail in 1498 on a search for a(n) ________ to Asia.
northwest passage
Topic: Fifteenth-Century European Expansion
- (p. 31-32)A precedent for subsequent English colonization in the New World occurred closer to home with a program to colonize ________ in order to control that threatening place.
Ireland
Topic: England’s Entry into America
Essay Questions
- Discuss conditions that encouraged early modern Europeans to undertake voyages of exploration and discovery.
Answer will vary
Topic: Fifteenth-Century European Expansion
- How did Portuguese exploration prepare the way for the Spanish discovery of North America?
Answer will vary
Topic: Fifteenth-Century European Expansion
- Compare and contrast Aztec society in the fifteenth century with that of early modern Europe.
Answer will vary
Topic: Spain in the Americas
- How did Spain’s colonial empire influence the development of western Europe during the sixteenth century?
Answer will vary
Topic: Religious Reform Divides Europe
Topic: Spain in the Americas
- Characterize the conditions and changes in sixteenth-century Europe that contributed to the Protestant Reformation.
Answer will vary
Topic: Religious Reform Divides Europe
- What primary factors accounted for the rivalry between England and Spain in the late sixteenth century?
Answer will vary
Topic: Religious Reform Divides Europe
- What factor was most essential in encouraging early modern Europeans to undertake voyages of discovery in exploration?
Answer will vary
Topic: Fifteenth-Century European Expansion
- Could the direction of discovery and colonization in the fifteenth and sixteenth century have been reversed—that is, could the Aztecs have discovered and colonized western Europe? Why or why not?
Answer will vary
Topic: Spain in the Americas
- To what extent were the English adventurers and the Spanish conquistadors “brothers under the skin”? In what ways were the roles they played similar, from the point of view of the royal governments of England and Spain?
Answer will vary
Topic: England’s Entry into America
Topic: Spain in the Americas
- Consider the motives of early English promoters of colonization like Gilbert and Raleigh. To what extent were such men motivated by idealistic goals? To what extent by economic interests?
Answer will vary
Topic: England’s Entry into America
- Compare and contrast the tenets of Luther and Calvin. Be specific in including the Catholic traditions and the need for reforms.
Answer will vary
Topic: Religious Reform Divides Europe
- Describe the social divisions among the races. What role did religion play in the divisions within society? What was the role of class? How did the Europeans move up within society?
Answer will vary
Topic: Religious Reform Divides Europe
- Describe the slave culture in America. How and why were Africans imported into the colonies?
Answer will vary
Chapter 04
Colonization and Conflict in the North 1600-1700
Multiple Choice Questions
- (p. 63)As compared to the English Puritans who settled New England, French settlers were
A. not at all religious.
B. also all Protestant.
C. few in number.
D. less likely to return to Europe.
Topic: France in North America
- (p. 62-63)The series of conflicts in which Iroquois raiders sought new hunting grounds and new captives were known as
A. the Indian Slave Wars.
B. the Beaver Wars.
C. Metacom’s War.
D. the Pequot Wars.
Topic: France in North America
- (p. 63)Which of the following accurately describes New France in 1700?
A. Most new immigrants to New France were Protestant.
B. The colonial population of New France was the largest in the New World.
C. The colonial population of New France had a hostile relationship with the native population.
D. Most immigrants to New France eventually returned to Europe.
Topic: France in North America
- (p. 61)Which of the following statements is NOT true of the French colonizing efforts in North America?
A. They were aggressive early adventurers in the North.
B. They targeted the St. Lawrence River valley for their first settlements.
C. They were hampered because of relatively hostile relations with native tribes.
D. The religious zeal of a renewed Catholicism spurred their colonizing efforts.
Topic: France in North America
- (p. 61)At one time or another all of the following were objectives of the French effort in North America, EXCEPT
A. establishing a permanent settlement.
B. the quest for profits through the fur trade.
C. finding a place to resettle dissident French Protestants.
D. converting the Indians to Catholicism.
Topic: France in North America
- (p. 63-64)Which of the following was NOT a factor in inducing the migration of English Puritans to New England?
A. a zeal to convert the Indians
B. the perceived failure of the English government to purify society and the church
C. political conflict
D. economic uncertainty
Topic: The Founding of New England
- (p. 64)The Puritan belief that God was in control of history fueled a zeal to improve society. This belief is known as
A. divine sovereign grace.
B. the Protestant Reformation.
C. the calling to conversion.
D. predestination.
Topic: The Founding of New England
- (p. 64)The Puritan program for reforming England included all of the following EXCEPT
A. purifying the church of England from remaining traces of Catholicism.
B. separating church and state.
C. improving the education of the clergy.
D. limiting church participation to the godly.
Topic: The Founding of New England
- (p. 66)The “Mayflower Compact” of the Separatists was
A. a basis for government devised without a legal basis to do so.
B. an agreement to organize a colony, as provided in their original charter.
C. a small subgroup that determined on shipboard that pastors would hold ultimate authority in the colony.
D. a small, efficient floral garden intended to show that God’s creation in Eden was a model for society.
Topic: The Founding of New England
- (p. 66)The description of Massachusetts Bay Colony using the biblical metaphor of a “city on a hill” relates to the Puritan founders’ idea that the colony should
A. be separate from the world.
B. be located on a readily defensible site.
C. be a refuge for all religious dissenters.
D. serve as an example to the world.
Topic: The Founding of New England
- (p. 87)Which of the following was NOT one of the ways that the Puritans of Massachusetts Bay differed from the Pilgrims of Plymouth?
A. The Puritans felt a sense of mission to reform England.
B. The Puritans were simpler, less educated folk.
C. The Puritans remained within the established Church of England.
D. The Puritans carried with them a Crown charter for their enterprise.
Topic: The Founding of New England
- (p. 66)Migrants to New England in the early 1600s differed from those who went to the Chesapeake, in that
A. New England settlement was sponsored by individual proprietors.
B. New England immigrants tended to be motivated by a desire for wealth.
C. New Englanders immigrated in family groups.
D. in the harsher climate of New England, new arrivals often succumbed to disease and death.
Topic: The Founding of New England
- (p. 69)In the early decades of New England settlement, new colonies in adjacent areas were often founded because of
A. religious differences.
B. overcrowding in the older towns.
C. the opportunities of the fertile frontier lands.
D. imperial ambitions.
Topic: Early New England Society
- (p. 69)What was Anne Hutchinson’s heresy?
A. She embraced controversial positions on doctrine and shared these ideas with others.
B. She performed witchcraft against the minister, John Cotton.
C. She professed herself to be a midwife.
D. She allied herself with the Indians on Long Island.
Topic: Early New England Society
- (p. 69)In 1638 the Bay Colony Government expelled Anne Hutchinson and her followers for sedition. Where did they initially settle after being expelled?
A. Rhode Island
B. Connecticut
C. Long Island
D. New Amsterdam
Topic: Early New England Society
- (p. 69)Which of the following behaviors was typical of a New England wife of the colonial period?
A. engaged in farm work that changed with the seasons
B. traveled with her husband to the mill
C. kept bees and planted vegetable gardens
D. held ministerial post in the Puritan church
Topic: Early New England Society
- (p. 71)In their contests with the settlers, New England Indian tribes suffered from the disadvantages of
A. disease.
B. disarmament.
C. centralized authority of all tribes.
D. lack of knowledge of the terrain.
Topic: Early New England Society
- (p. 73)Which Wampanoag leader led southern New England’s native people to attack and destroy more than two dozen towns in Plymouth Colony?
A. Mahican
B. Masasoit
C. Abenaki
D. Metacom
Topic: Early New England Society
- (p. 73)The Dutch colony of New Netherland was marked by
A. close control by the government in Holland.
B. small but concentrated centers of population.
C. financial prosperity due to exports of foodstuffs.
D. great ethnic and religious diversity.
Topic: The Mid-Atlantic Colonies
- (p. 73)How did New Netherland become New York?
A. The Dutch sold it to the English.
B. The Dutch abandoned it; the English then colonized it.
C. The English in adjacent areas gradually absorbed the isolated Dutch settlements.
D. It was taken by an English invading fleet.
Topic: The Mid-Atlantic Colonies
- (p. 73)The first colonial endeavor of the Quaker sect focused on which colony that was temporarily split in two?
A. Connecticut
B. New Jersey
C. Delaware
D. Carolina
Topic: The Mid-Atlantic Colonies
- (p. 74)Which of the following was NOT included in Penn’s vision for his colony?
A. displacing the savage Indians
B. providing a refuge for Quakers from England and elsewhere
C. establishing a model society to reform the failings of Europe
D. generating rental revenue for himself
Topic: The Mid-Atlantic Colonies
- (p. 74)Which of the following was NOT a reason that Pennsylvania quickly prospered?
A. Penn’s planning and publicity efforts
B. Penn’s honest dealings with the Indians who thus posed no threat
C. Parliament’s generous subsidy
D. Pennsylvania’s favorable soil and climate
Topic: The Mid-Atlantic Colonies
- (p. 74)William Penn and the Quakers differed from the Puritans of New England in their belief that
A. the government should be based on equality and consent.
B. the government should promote morality by passing laws.
C. a model society could be created in America.
D. the state should guarantee all inhabitants freedom of worship.
Topic: The Mid-Atlantic Colonies
- (p. 74)Which of the following statements most accurately describes the settlement patterns of early Pennsylvania?
A. Most people lived in cities clustered along the coastline.
B. Like in New England, the town became the focal point of life.
C. The country, with its dispersed farmsteads, became the dominant settlement pattern.
D. Large plantations similar to Virginia’s were characteristic of Pennsylvania.
Topic: The Mid-Atlantic Colonies
- (p. 74)Which of the following statements is an accurate description of life in Quaker Pennsylvania?
A. New arrivals were required to serve as indentured servants for a period of 7 years.
B. Penn’s colony was completely free of political strife.
C. A representative assembly existed and guaranteed inhabitants the basic English civil liberties.
D. Inhabitants experienced complete freedom of press.
Topic: The Mid-Atlantic Colonies
- (p. 75-76)After the Glorious Revolution, English efforts to exercise closer control over the North American colonies
A. extended merely to putting teeth into commercial regulations in order to maximize profits from colonial trade.
B. continued to increase throughout the 1700s, eliciting growing American resistance.
C. ended, as the new monarchy sought to consolidate its power at home.
D. grew substantially but subtly, so that British rule was real, though not apparent.
Topic: Adjustment to Empire
- (p. 77)By 1700, the North American colonies
A. were centralizing political power in the office of the royal governor.
B. were becoming permanent, firmly-rooted societies.
C. enjoyed stable subsistence economies.
D. had learned to accommodate to cultural differences in ethnicity and religion.
Topic: Adjustment to Empire
- (p. 76)Massachusetts became a royal colony, headed by an appointed governor, where
A. voting rights were determined by property ownership.
B. Catholicism was banned.
C. the new Dominion of New England was headquartered.
D. freed servants and women could vote.
Topic: Adjustment to Empire
- (p. 72)The “praying towns” were
A. Puritan strongholds for religious freedom.
B. Catholic missions along the Atlantic coastline.
C. villages established exclusively for Christian Indians.
D. centers of worship aimed at educating the Pilgrims in Indian culture.
Topic: Stability and Order in Early New England
- (p. 77)Which of the following best describes the result of the Glorious Revolution?
A. increased attempts to centralize England’s empire
B. increased tensions between the colonies and England
C. increased power among colonial representative assemblies
D. increased supervision by the monarchs
Topic: Adjustment to Empire
- (p. 77)After 1714, which of the following constituted the majority of the population of North America?
A. British
B. French
C. Spanish
D. Indian
Topic: Adjustment to Empire
Fill in the Blank Questions
- (p. 62)The ________ League was the Indian Confederacy consisting of the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, Senecas, and eventually the Tuscaroras.
Iroquois
Topic: France in North America
- (p. 63)The main corridor of French imperial penetration into North America was the ________ River valley.
St. Lawrence
Topic: France in North America
- (p. 86)The “Pilgrims”—so-called because they migrated from England to Holland to America—in reality are best known as ________ for their views on the Church of England.
Separatists
Topic: The Founding of New England
- (p. 66)The Pilgrims, before disembarking at Plymouth, signed the ________ as a self-instituted basis for government.
Mayflower Compact
Topic: The Founding of New England
- (p. 69)________ became a founder of Rhode Island when his radically critical views of established religious practice got him banished from Massachusetts Bay.
Roger Williams
Topic: Stability and Order in Early New England
- (p. 72)The offensive launched by Massasoit’s son and heir in 1675 was known as ________ War.
Metacom’s
Topic: Stability and Order in Early New England
- (p. 74)By the early 1700s the Pennsylvania city of ________ was becoming the commercial and cultural center of the British Empire in North America.
Philadelphia
Topic: The Mid-Atlantic Colonies
- (p. 76)Late in the 1600s, the English Parliament ousted the Stuart king and brought in William and Mary as monarchs who acknowledged Parliamentary rule. This episode is known as the ________ Revolution.
Glorious
Topic: Adjustment to Empire
Essay Questions
- Compare the French motives for colonizing North America with those of the English.
Answer will vary
Topic: France in North America
- What were the principal religious beliefs of the Puritans?
Answer will vary
Topic: The Founding of New England
- What role did the Congregational church play in the life of New England villages?
Answer will vary
Topic: The Founding of New England
- What kinds of conflicts commonly arose among white settlers in seventeenth-century New England? Which were the most bitter and disruptive?
Answer will vary
Topic: The Founding of New England
- How did migrations to the Chesapeake and New England help to determine the initial character of these two colonial societies?
Answer will vary
Topic: The Founding of New England
- Describe the lives of women in early New England. How closely did they resemble the lives of women in the Chesapeake?
Answer will vary
Topic: Stability and Order in Early New England
- How did the Dutch settlements in New York differ from the New England settlements of the same period?
Answer will vary
Topic: Stability and Order in Early New England
Topic: The Mid-Atlantic Colonies
- How did the pattern of settlement in Pennsylvania differ from that of New England?
Answer will vary
Topic: The Mid-Atlantic Colonies
- Both religious and economic factors made it easier for the French than the English to coexist with Indian cultures. Discuss those factors and explain why you agree or disagree.
Answer will vary
Topic: France in North America
Topic: Stability and Order in Early New England
- Why did Puritanism appeal to many people in early modern England?
Answer will vary
Topic: The Founding of New England
- Why didn’t New England develop a slave-based plantation economy similar to those in the colonial South?
Answer will vary
Topic: Stability and Order in Early New England
- Assess the relations between white settlers and Indians in the northern colonies. How do they compare with relations between those two groups in the colonial South?
Answer will vary
Topic: France in North America
Topic: Mid-Atlantic Colonies
Topic: Stability and Order in Early New England
- Why did Quaker beliefs and customs challenge traditional English society in so many ways? Why did New England’s Puritans (who were, after all, devout reformers themselves) persecute Quakers?
Answer will vary
Topic: Mid-Atlantic Colonies
- How did the Iroquois nation gain strength from its contacts with white colonies?
Answer will vary
Topic: France in North America
- Why were the colonies of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania relatively diverse and tolerant at the end of the seventeenth century?
Answer will vary
Topic: Mid-Atlantic Colonies
- Describe the role of an average woman in New England. How did the Puritan dogma emancipate women?
Answer will vary
Topic: Stability and Order in Early New England
- Why were women singled out during the witchcraft trials?
Answer will vary
Topic: Stability and Order in Early New England
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