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What is Psychology 3rd Edition by By Ellen E. Pastorino – Test Bank
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Making Connections Chapter 1—What Is Psychology?
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- Modern-day researchers studying cognition, language, and intelligence would have views most similar to
| a. | Sigmund Freud. |
| b. | Ivan Pavlov. |
| c. | Wilhelm Wundt. |
| d. | Carl Rogers. |
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 8
OBJ: How Did Psychology Become a Science? The Origins of Psychology
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- Which type of therapy is most consistent with the humanistic perspective of psychology?
| a. | Rational-emotive therapy |
| b. | Client-centered therapy |
| c. | Psychoanalytic therapy |
| d. | Family therapy |
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 12
OBJ: How Did Psychology Become a Science? The Origins of Psychology
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- Jean Piaget was a(n) ______________________ psychologist.
| a. | experimental |
| b. | social |
| c. | biological |
| d. | developmental |
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 19
OBJ: What Is Psychology Like Today? MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- Which subfield of psychology generated the research conducted by Solomon Asch on conformity?
| a. | Experimental psychology |
| b. | Evolutionary psychology |
| c. | Social psychology |
| d. | Clinical psychology |
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 19
OBJ: What Is Psychology Like Today? MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- When Stanley Milgram did his research on the level of obedience that “teachers” would show authority figures when asked to shock “learners” who made mistakes on a memory task, he assumed that a large percentage of his participants would be very obedient to the authority figures. This belief, which was tested in the experiment, would be most appropriately called a
| a. | theory. |
| b. | hypothesis. |
| c. | research strategy. |
| d. | conclusion. |
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 22
OBJ: How Is Psychology Research Conducted? Hypotheses and Methods
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- Phineas Gage experienced an unfortunate accident in which a metal rod went through his head and destroyed much of his frontal lobe. A concerted study on the effects of the accident has helped scientists to understand the activities of the frontal lobe. This study would be an example of a(n)
| a. | naturalistic observation. |
| b. | survey. |
| c. | case study. |
| d. | experiment. |
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 24
OBJ: How Is Psychology Research Conducted? Hypotheses and Methods
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- Intelligence researchers have shown that identical twins tend to score similarly on IQ tests. This would be an example of a
| a. | positive correlation. |
| b. | negative correlation. |
| c. | positive cause and effect. |
| d. | negative cause and effect. |
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 26-27
OBJ: How Is Psychology Research Conducted? Hypotheses and Methods
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- Experiments have shown that subliminal advertising does not have a significant impact on people’s buying behavior. In these experiments, the independent variable would be the
| a. | participants in the study. |
| b. | buying behavior of the participants. |
| c. | type of product advertised. |
| d. | subliminal messages. |
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 27
OBJ: How Is Psychology Research Conducted? Hypotheses and Methods
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- Many people have criticized John Watson’s research on classical conditioning with “Little Albert,” who was conditioned to fear a white rat, by claiming that
| a. | the research was unethical. |
| b. | Albert’s learning was actually a result of operant conditioning and not classical conditioning. |
| c. | important confounding variables were not adequately controlled. |
| d. | Watson was not qualified to conduct that type of research. |
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 30-31
OBJ: What Are the Ethical Rules of Psychological Research? MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- Sigmund Freud’s views about the unconscious are consistent with the use of projective tests for personality measurement.
ANS: T DIF: Moderate REF: 10
OBJ: How Did Psychology Become a Science? The Origins of Psychology
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- Elizabeth Loftus’s research showing that memories are easily manipulated provides an example of correlational studies.
ANS: F DIF: Difficult REF: 26-27
OBJ: How Is Psychology Research Conducted? Hypotheses and Methods
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- Structuralism has developed into a major theory describing human personality.
ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: 8
OBJ: How Did Psychology Become a Science? The Origins of Psychology
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
SHORT ANSWER
- Describe how a developmental psychologist might use the operant conditioning principles studied by B.F. Skinner.
ANS: Answer not provided
- Describe a well-known research study conducted by psychologists that fulfills the requirements of an experiment.
ANS: Answer not provided
- Describe how psychologists doing therapy might be working on each of the four goals of psychology.
ANS: Answer not provided
Making Connections Chapter 4—Consciousness: Wide Awake, in a Daze, or Dreaming?
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- Knowing that sleep facilitates hormonal activity important for growth and metabolism, it is clear that sleep affects the
| a. | endocrine system. |
| b. | sympathetic nervous system. |
| c. | parasympathetic system. |
| d. | somatic nervous system. |
ANS: A DIF: Moderate
REF: What Happens When We Sleep? Rest, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- One of the reasons that we are tired after being deprived of sleep comes from the effect of sleep on our body’s sensitivity to
| a. | insulin. |
| b. | glutamate. |
| c. | norepinephrine. |
| d. | GABA. |
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 136
OBJ: What Happens When We Sleep? Rest, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- What do lack of sleep and stress have in common?
| a. | They both occur because of a lack of testosterone. |
| b. | They both are best treated with medication. |
| c. | They both suppress the immune system. |
| d. | They both are the most common causes of bipolar disorder. |
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 135
OBJ: What Happens When We Sleep? Rest, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- One of the reasons why sleep-learning is not an effective method of learning new information is that
| a. | long-term memory shuts down during sleep. |
| b. | dreaming interferes with memory consolidation during sleep. |
| c. | the inactivity of the pons hinders the retrieval process while sleeping. |
| d. | memories are not effectively encoded while sleeping. |
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 136
OBJ: What Happens When We Sleep? Rest, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- The suprachiasmatic nucleus that helps regulate circadian rhythms is located in the
| a. | midbrain. |
| b. | hindbrain. |
| c. | forebrain. |
| d. | brainstem. |
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 139
OBJ: What Happens When We Sleep? Rest, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- Compared to other branches of the nervous system, while in REM sleep, your ____ nervous system is not very active.
| a. | sympathetic |
| b. | autonomic |
| c. | somatic |
| d. | central |
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 142
OBJ: What Happens When We Sleep? Rest, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- Which of the following would be most interested in research on the meaning of dreams?
| a. | A behavioral psychologist |
| b. | A humanistic psychologist |
| c. | A cognitive psychologist |
| d. | A psychodynamic psychologist |
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: pg. 155143
OBJ: What Happens When We Sleep? Rest, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- The fact that alcohol has a negative effect on embryonic development makes it a(n)
| a. | teratogen. |
| b. | hallucinogen. |
| c. | narcotic. |
| d. | agonist. |
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 158
OBJ: What Are the Effects of Psychoactive Drugs? MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
TRUE/FALSE
- Sleep researchers routinely use an EEG to help determine the sleep stages of their subjects.
ANS: T DIF: Moderate REF: 141-142
OBJ: What Happens When We Sleep? Rest, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm
MSC: TYPE: Factual
- Alcohol tends to increase sexual arousal.
ANS: F DIF: Moderate REF: 157
OBJ: What Are the Effects of Psychoactive Drugs? MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- There is complete agreement among psychologists that hypnosis represents a distinct biological state.
ANS: F DIF: Moderate REF: 151 OBJ: Hypnosis: Real or Imagined?
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- Hypnosis has been shown to be an effective treatment for opiate addiction.
ANS: F DIF: Moderate REF: 151-152 OBJ: Hypnosis: Real or Imagined?
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
- Hypnosis has been shown to be an effective method of facilitating long-term memory recall.
ANS: F DIF: Moderate REF: 151-152 OBJ: Hypnosis: Real or Imagined?
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
SHORT ANSWER
- Describe the biological processes that occur in the brain and body as one progresses through the sleep stages.
ANS: Answer not provided.
- Outline the age-related differences that exist in the amount of sleep people average each night and in the incidence of sleep disorders.
ANS: Answer not provided.
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