What is Psychology Foundations, Applications, And Integration 3rd Edition by Ellen E. Pastorino – Test Bank

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What is Psychology Foundations, Applications, And Integration 3rd Edition by Ellen E. Pastorino – Test Bank

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Chapter_2_How_Does_Biology_Influence_Our_Behavior_     Multiple Choice

 

1. ​What brain structure is involved in the formation of myelin?   a. ​neurons   b. ​glia cells   c. ​dendrites   d. ​synapses   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

2. ​Reflexive activity, such as jerking your hand away from a hot stove, is governed by the ____.   a. ​rescue system   b. ​endocrine system   c. ​nervous system   d. ​parasympathetic system   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

3. ​The action of tying your shoes is most likely to involve the ____ system.   a. ​endocrine   b. ​endocrine   c. ​nervous   d. ​parasympathetic   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

4. ​The information-carrying cells of the nervous system are called ____.   a. ​neurons   b. ​glia cells   c. hormones   d. ​glands   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

5. ​Glia cells ____.   a. ​form myelin   b. ​direct the activity of hormones   c. ​provide very little benefit to the brain   d. ​can occasionally function as neurotransmitters   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

6. ​Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding neurons and glia cells in the adult human brain?   a. ​Neurons are far more numerous than glia cells.   b. ​Neurons are more concentrated in the brainstem than glia cells.   c. ​Neurons and glia cells are about the same in number.   d. ​Neurons are far less numerous than glia cells.   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

7. ​Myelin ____.   a. ​is a type of neurotransmitter   b. ​disrupts neurological activity   c. ​is produced by the action potential   d. ​speeds up neural signals   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

8. ​Symptoms of multiple sclerosis include ____.   a. ​difficulty with voluntary movement   b. ​abnormally rapid reflexes   c. ​hypersensitivity to pain   d. ​exceptionally acute hearing   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

9. ​Without glia cells, your brain would ____.   a. ​experience no change in function   b. ​be forced to communicate more often through the endocrine system   c. ​repair itself more rapidly than normal in the case of an injury   d. ​send information more slowly   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

10. ​Which disease is associated with myelin loss, causing neural impulses to travel around in the brain without reaching to their destinations?   a. ​depression   b. ​Multiple Sclerosis   c. ​Parkinson’s disease   d. ​Alzheimer’s disease   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

11. ​Francisco has a disease that is destroying the myelin on his neurons. What effect will this disease most likely have on Francisco?   a. ​His brain and spinal cord will completely cease to function.   b. ​His will be paralyzed on one side of his body but not the other.   c. ​His neural signals will slow down.   d. ​His neural signals will speed up.   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

12. ​The part of the neuron that receives signals from other neurons is the ____.   a. ​axon   b. ​dendrite   c. ​cell body   d. ​synaptic cleft   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

13. ​Dr. Adelman is biological psychologist who is most interested in studying the part of the neuron that receives input from other neurons.  He is most likely to focus on which of the following?   a. ​myelin   b. ​axon bulbs   c. ​dendrites   d. ​glia   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

14. ​Within a single neuron, dendrites are ____ and axon bulbs are ____.   a. ​active in communication; active in cell metabolism   b. ​myelinated; unmyelinated   c. ​at the beginning; at the end   d. ​much smaller; much larger   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

15. ​A neuron’s axon ____.   a. ​is nearly always less than two millimeters in length   b. ​is usually completely covered in myelin from end-to-end   c. ​can either by myelinated or unmyelinated   d. ​usually ends in one “bulb,” which physically connects to the next neuron   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

16. ​Axons on neurons in the brain are typically ____.   a. ​longer than those in the peripheral nervous system   b. ​shorter than those in the peripheral nervous system   c. ​about the same size as those in the peripheral nervous system   d. ​extremely variable in length, with some being very long and others very short   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

17. ​The junction between adjoining neurons is called the ____.   a. ​synapse   b. ​myelin sheath   c. ​dendrite space   d. ​cellular gap   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

18. ​The vesicles at the end of an axon contain ____.   a. ​sodium (Na+) ions   b. ​neurotransmitters   c. ​myelin   d. ​DNA   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

19. ​Axons are necessary for neurons to be able to ____.   a. ​receive neural impulses from other neurons   b. ​duplicate themselves   c. ​direct the development of the neuron   d. ​send neural impulses to other neurons   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

20. ​A neuron’s DNA exists within its ____.   a. ​cell body   b. ​dendrites   c. ​axon   d. ​axon bulb   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

21. ​If your neurosurgeon were able to take a neuron out of your brain and examine it, she would most likely find that ____.   a. ​its axon would be very short   b. ​it would have two cell bodies   c. ​it would have more than one axon   d. ​its cell body would not have any dendrites attached to it   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

22. ​The branchlike structures on the heads of neurons that receive signals from other neurons are called ____.   a. ​dendrites   b. ​myelin sheaths   c. ​axon hillocks   d. ​synapses   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

23. ​Each neuron in the brain can potentially synapse with up to ____ other neuron(s).   a. ​1   b. ​10   c. ​1,000   d. ​10,000   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

24. ​If you wanted to trace the flow of information through a single neuron, you would have to start at the____, go through the ____, and end at the ____.   a. ​dendrites; medulla; dendrites   b. ​axon hillock; axon bulb; dendrites   c. ​dendrites; axon; axon bulb   d. ​axon bulb; brain stem; dendrites   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

25. ​If you needed to explain to your friend what the synapse is, what would you say?   a. ​A synapse is the part of the neuron that receives incoming signals and initiates the action potential.   b. ​A synapse is the tiny gap between the axon bulb of one neuron and the dendrites of another.   c. ​A synapse is the insulation on the outside of the neuron.   d. ​A synapse is the structure on axons that stores and releases neurotransmitters.   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

26. ​When your teacher is attempting to describe a postsynaptic neuron, she is essentially talking about a neuron that ____.   a. ​is myelinated   b. ​is unmyelinated   c. ​receives input from another neuron   d. ​sends messages to another neuron   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

27. ​A synapse is essentially a(n) ____.   a. ​gap   b. ​wire   c. ​chemical   d. ​electrical charge   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

28. ​Receptor sites for communication among neurons exist on ____.   a. ​sodium ions   b. ​neurotransmitters   c. ​dendrites   d. ​myelin   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

29. ​Neurotransmitters are most analogous to ____.   a. ​managers making decisions   b. ​mail carriers delivering mail   c. ​receptionists taking phone calls   d. ​doctors helping to repair physical problems   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

30. ​There are many more neural connections in the brain than the number of neurons because ____.   a. ​each neuron can synapse with many other neurons   b. ​neural connections also occur between glia cells   c. ​all that is needed for a neural connection is two different types of brain material   d. ​any two neurons can communicate in both directions across the same synapse   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

31. ​Which statement is most correct about the complexity of neurological processes in the brain?   a. ​Neurological processes are actually very simple, with just a few activities happening one right after another repeatedly.   b. ​Neurological processes are not understood at all, given our current knowledge base.   c. ​Neurological processes are totally understood now that we have the technology to observe them.   d. ​Neurological processes are very complex, with many activities happening at the same time.   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

32. ​Unlike the electricity that powers lights, the body’s electrochemical energy relies upon ____.   a. ​ions   b. ​alternating current   c. ​direct current   d. ​electrons   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

33. ​If Clark had no ions in his nervous system, ____.   a. ​his action potentials would be faster   b. ​his action potentials would be slower   c. ​he would not be able to generate any action potentials   d. ​he would be able to move, but he would not be able to think   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

34. ​If Mary’s neurons were never able to achieve a resting potential more positive than -70 millivolts, ____.   a. ​her action potentials would be very slow   b. ​she would not be able to generate any action potentials   c. ​her action potentials would be very inconsistent   d. ​she would be able to move, but she would not be able to think   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

35. ​Which of the following is TRUE regarding the resting potential of a neuron?   a. ​In mammals it is about –20 millivolts.   b. ​During its resting state, all ionized particles can move freely into and out of the neuron.   c. ​The potential is maintained by high concentrations of magnesium outside the neuron.   d. ​It can also be referred to as a polarized state.   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

36. ​Which of the following axon membrane potentials represents the greatest amount of polarization?   a. ​-70 millivolts   b. ​-45 millivolts   c. ​0 millivolts   d. ​5 millivolts   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

37. ​When the inside of the axon has a greater negative charge than the outside, it is safe to conclude that ____.   a. ​an action potential is not being generated in that part of the axon   b. ​the axon is depolarized   c. ​there is an especially large concentration of Na+ ions inside the axon   d. ​an action potential is being generated in that part of the axon   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

38. ​The action potential is directly created when ____.   a. ​vesicles in the axon release neurotransmitters   b. ​myelin is produced by the cell body   c. ​sodium (Na+) ions flood into the axon   d. ​DNA is released into the synapse   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

39. ​You are a neurosurgeon performing surgery on a 50-year-old man. When you insert an electrode into the axon of one of his neurons while it is not receiving or sending information, what voltage should you record with your instruments?   a. ​55mv   b. ​-55mv   c. ​70mv   d. ​-70mv   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

40. ​When neurotransmitters bind with receptor sites, what is the essential event that eventually causes the postsynaptic neuron to generate an action potential?   a. ​the creation of myelin sheathing   b. ​the flooding of sodium (Na+) into the cell   c. ​the removal of anions from the cell   d. ​the generation of electrical current in the dendrites   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

41. ​-70 millivolts is to ____ as –55 millivolts is to ____.   a. ​resting potential; threshold of excitation   b. ​threshold of excitation; resting potential   c. ​home electrical capacity; the body’s electrical capacity   d. ​the body’s electrical capacity; home electrical capacity   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

42. ​An action potential is a ____.   a. ​chemical imbalance   b. ​possible activity   c. ​reflex movement   d. ​neural impulse   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

43. ​Which phrase best describes how the action potential occurs?   a. ​​“all or none”   b. ​“slow but sure”   c. ​“speed equals intensity”   d. ​“all for one, and one for all”   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

44. ​As one of Wilbur’s neurons fires an action potential, the charge inside the neuron becomes ____.   a. ​negative   b. ​positive   c. ​stable   d. ​unpredictable   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

45. ​In mammals, the threshold of excitation is about ____.   a. ​55mv   b. ​-70mv   c. ​-55mv   d. ​70mv   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

46. ​Potassium ions (K+) will continue to leave the neuron until the neuron’s ____.   a. ​resting potential is depleted   b. ​threshold of excitation is stimulated again   c. ​resting potential is restored   d. ​resting potential is positive   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

47. ​Why is it important for potassium ions (K+) to move out of the axon once an action potential has been fired?   a. ​Because their continued presence would be damaging to the tissues of the axon   b. ​So that the neuron will have the ability to generate another action potential   c. ​Because of the required binding with potassium (K+) to activate the refractory period   d. ​In order to create a more negative charge outside rather than inside the neuron   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

48. ​The refractory period is the ____.   a. ​time it takes to fire an action potential   b. ​period of time that neurotransmitters are active within the synapse   c. ​time during which a neuron is restoring its resting potential after an action potential has been fired   d. ​the total period of time it takes for a neuron to receive information from one neuron and transmit it to another one   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

49. ​If after firing once, Michal’s neurons did not return to their resting potential, her neurons would be ____.   a. ​unable to fire again   b. ​able to fire more rapidly than normal   c. ​seriously damaged from lack of rest   d. ​totally normal   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

50. ​The refractory period occurs ____.   a. ​during the night when our neurons are at rest   b. ​only when inhibitory neurotransmitters are released   c. ​between action potentials   d. ​as the cell begins to depolarize   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

51. ​Once an action potential reaches the end of the axon, how does the information usually get to the next neuron?   a. ​The action potential jumps across the synaptic cleft to the next neuron in the form of an electrical impulse.   b. ​Myelin acts as a bridge to transport it across the synaptic cleft.​   c. ​Potassium ions (K+) move back and forth between neurons to carry the information across.   d. ​Vesicles at the end of the axon release neurotransmitters which float across the synaptic cleft to the next neuron.   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

52. ​When neurotransmitters are being released by a presynaptic neuron into the synapse, it is because ____.   a. ​the neuron is in a refractory period   b. ​there is a large concentration of Na+ ions outside of the presynaptic axon   c. ​action potentials have occurred in the postsynaptic neuron   d. ​action potentials have occurred in the presynaptic neuron   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

53. ​How do neurotransmitters “communicate” with postsynaptic neurons?   a. ​Like a “key fitting into a lock,” they bind with corresponding receptor sites on dendrites of the neuron.   b. ​Like “water over a dam,” they build up until they flood into the next neuron through sheer force.   c. ​Like a “hot knife through butter,” they easily penetrate right into the cell body through the dendrites.   d. ​Like “throwing darts,” they are propelled across the synapse and communicate with the neuron wherever they land.   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

54. ​An axon that has a –55mv electric potential across its membrane ____.   a. ​probably does not have any myelin sheathing   b. ​is going to fire an action potential   c. ​has a very large concentration of Na+ ions inside the axon   d. ​has just released several neurotransmitters   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

55. ​If you were to inject sodium (Na+) into a neuron in a rat’s brain, what effect would it have on the neuron?   a. ​It would make the neuron more likely to fire an action potential.   b. ​It would make the neuron less likely to fire an action potential.   c. ​It would prevent the neuron from firing action potentials.   d. ​It would make the neuron fire action potentials that travel more slowly than normal.   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

56. ​A neuron firing an action potential is most like a person ____.   a. ​driving a car   b. ​playing basketball   c. ​firing a gun   d. ​running down the road   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

57. ​Excitation causes a postsynaptic cell to ____.   a. ​become more negative in its resting potential   b. ​become more positive in its resting potential   c. ​move further away from the threshold of an action potential   d. ​become more neutral in its resting potential   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

58. ​Rick is given a medication that makes his neurons more positive in their resting potential. What effect will this most likely have on Rick’s nervous system?   a. ​He will have more excitation in his nervous system.   b. ​He will have more inhibition in his nervous system.   c. ​He will have less excitation in his nervous system.   d. ​This drug will not affect the functioning of Rick’s nervous system.   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

59. ​Suppose you take a drug that indirectly causes potassium (K+) to leave your postsynaptic neurons. What effect would the drug have?   a. ​excitatory   b. ​inhibitory   c. ​hallucinogenic   d. ​sedative   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

60. ​Suppose you have a neurological problem that could be fixed by increasing the likelihood that your neurons will fire action potentials. Your doctor may prescribe a drug that has what type of effect?   a. ​impulsive   b. ​binding   c. ​excitatory   d. ​inhibitory   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

61. Marta is injected with a drug that prevents sodium (Na+) from entering into neurons in the part of the brain that controls the movement of the arms. What effect will this drug most likely have on Marta?​   a. ​She will more her arms spasmodically.   b. ​She will not be able to move her arms.   c. ​Her arms will be numb, but she will be able to move them.   d. ​She will likely go into a coma.   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

62. ​Suppose you take a drug that causes neurons in your brain to stop firing. What effects with the drug have?   a. ​excitatory   b. ​stimulating   c. ​inhibitory   d. ​stabilizing   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

63. ​Inhibition occurs when ____.   a. ​sodium ions (Na+) flood into the axon of a neuron   b. ​the resting potential of a postsynaptic neuron is moved closer to –55 millivolts   c. ​a neurotransmitter makes a postsynaptic neuron less likely to fire an action potential   d. ​a neurotransmitter makes a presynaptic neuron more likely to fire   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

64. ​Elena is given a drug that moves the resting potential of her neurons to -90mv. What effect will this likely have on Elena?   a. ​It will take less stimulation to get her neurons to fire action potentials.   b. ​It will take more stimulation to get her neurons to fire action potentials.   c. ​It will be impossible to get her neurons to fire action potentials.   d. ​Her neurons will begin to fire action potentials at random.   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

65. ​If you were to remove potassium ions (K+) from inside of a neuron, the net effect on the neuron would be ____.   a. excitation   b. ​inhibition   c. ​the firing of an action potential   d. ​rapid neuronal death   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

66. ​Melanie is given an injection of a drug that increases inhibition in her brain. The net effect of this drug will most likely be ____.   a. ​neuronal death   b. ​more action potentials in her brain   c. ​fewer action potentials in her brain   d. ​more rapid firing of action potentials   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

67. ​Reuptake is essential to normal neurological function because it ensures that the ____.   a. ​electrical current stays within the synapse   b. ​right amount of excitation and inhibition occurs   c. ​speed of action potentials is always at the highest level   d. ​neuron never enters a resting phase   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

68. ​Moving your arm requires ____.   a. ​inhibition only   b. ​excitation only   c. ​neither inhibition, nor excitation   d. ​both inhibition and excitation   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

69. ​Which statement is TRUE regarding the processes of excitation and inhibition?   a. ​In order for the body to work normally, neurotransmitters should usually be excitatory.   b. ​In order for the body to work normally, neurotransmitters should usually be inhibitory.   c. ​Both inhibitory and excitatory processes are necessary for normal neurological activity.   d. ​Neither excitatory nor inhibitory processes are good for normal neurological activity.   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

70. ​Reuptake describes the ____.   a. ​recycling and returning of neurotransmitters to the presynaptic neuron   b. ​movement of ions back outside the axon after the action potential has been fired   c. ​process of neurons stretching and then retracting as they communicate with neighboring neurons   d. ​shrinking of myelin on the axons of neurons   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

71. ​Prozac inhibits the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin. When you take Prozac, the effect of this drug will be to ____.   a. ​reduce the action of serotonin in the brain   b. ​increase the time serotonin spends in the synapses of the brain   c. ​prevent the release of serotonin in the synapses of the brain   d. ​prevent the absorption of serotonin in the post-synaptic neuron   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.1 Billions of Neurons: Communication in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

72. ​If your teacher required you to learn the names and functions of all the neurotransmitters that researchers have identified, you would have to learn about ____ neurotransmitters.   a. ​fewer than 50   b. ​50 to 75   c. ​76 to 100   d. ​more than 100   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   2.2 Neurotransmitters: Chemical Messengers in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

73. ​The first neurotransmitter discovered was ____. epinephrine   a. ​acetylcholine   b. ​dopamine   c. ​serotonin   d. ​epinephrine   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.2 Neurotransmitters: Chemical Messengers in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

74. ​Dr. Bush specializes in the study of hormones and neurotransmitters. His research would show that ____.   a. ​some hormones behave like neurotransmitters   b. ​hormones never behave like neurotransmitters   c. ​hormones and neurotransmitters are actually the same thing   d. ​hormones do not affect neurological activity   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.2 Neurotransmitters: Chemical Messengers in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

75. ​If you are currently taking a drug that affects your behavior, most likely, it is affecting the ____.   a. ​speed or your action potentials   b. ​strength of your action potentials   c. ​number of new neurons your brain produces   d. ​activity occurring within your synapses   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   2.2 Neurotransmitters: Chemical Messengers in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

76. ​Most psychoactive drugs taken by humans primarily affect the ____.   a. ​movement of ions across the membrane of the axon   b. ​activity of neurotransmitters in the synapse   c. ​development of myelin around the axon   d. ​creation or death of neurons in the brain   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.2 Neurotransmitters: Chemical Messengers in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

77. ​Alzheimer’s patients are often prescribed medications that are designed to improve awareness and memory. The neurotransmitter most likely affected by these drugs is ____.   a. ​testosterone   b. ​GABA   c. ​acetylcholine   d. ​adrenaline   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.2 Neurotransmitters: Chemical Messengers in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

78. ​One of the reasons that your grandfather with Alzheimer’s disease has memory problems might be a(n) ____.   a. ​increased supply of serotonin in his brain   b. ​decreased supply of Na+ around his neurons   c. ​decreased supply of acetylcholine in his brain   d. ​increased supply of myelin around his axons   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.2 Neurotransmitters: Chemical Messengers in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

79. ​Alzheimer’s disease has been associated with loss of neurons that produce ____.   a. ​dopamine   b. ​endorphins   c. ​acetylcholine   d. ​GABA   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.2 Neurotransmitters: Chemical Messengers in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

80. ​Hedda takes a drug that increases the amount of acetylcholine in her brain. Hedda is most likely taking this drug for which condition?   a. ​multiple sclerosis   b. ​Alzheimer’s disease   c. ​Parkinson’s disease   d. ​Schizophrenia   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.2 Neurotransmitters: Chemical Messengers in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

81. ​Acetylcholine is thought to play a role in ____.   a. ​muscle contraction   b. ​pain   c. ​depression   d. ​motivation   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.2 Neurotransmitters: Chemical Messengers in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

82. ​The fact that most of us gain pleasure from eating and sexual activity is at least partially due to the effects of neurotransmitters. Which neurotransmitter is the most likely source of this pleasure?   a. ​epinephrine   b. ​glutamate   c. ​endorphins   d. ​dopamine   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   2.2 Neurotransmitters: Chemical Messengers in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

83. ​Treating a patient with Parkinson’s disease with a drug that increases dopamine activity too greatly could lead to symptoms of ____.   a. ​depression   b. ​autism   c. ​schizophrenia   d. ​paralysis   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.2 Neurotransmitters: Chemical Messengers in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

84. ​Treating a patient with schizophrenia with a drug that decreases dopamine activity too greatly could lead to symptoms of ____.   a. ​Parkinson’s disease   b. ​autism   c. ​anxiety   d. ​dissociative identity disorder   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.2 Neurotransmitters: Chemical Messengers in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

85. ​Parkinson’s disease is to ____ as schizophrenia is to ____.   a. ​small amounts of serotonin; small amounts of acetylcholine   b. ​small amounts of dopamine; large amounts of dopamine   c. ​large amounts of serotonin; small amounts of serotonin   d. ​large amounts of acetylcholine; large amounts of dopamine   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.2 Neurotransmitters: Chemical Messengers in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

86. ​A person with schizophrenia who takes a drug that increases brain levels of dopamine will most likely ____.   a. ​experience reduced symptoms   b. ​experience increased symptoms   c. ​become depressed   d. ​exhibit the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   2.2 Neurotransmitters: Chemical Messengers in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

87. ​George has a disease that is associated with a lack of dopamine-producing neurons in his brain.  George most likely has ____.   a. ​multiple sclerosis   b. ​cancer   c. ​Parkinson’s disease   d. ​Alzheimer’s disease   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   2.2 Neurotransmitters: Chemical Messengers in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

88. ​Emilio is taking a drug for his Parkinson’s disease. What effect would you expect this drug to have on Emilio’s brain?   a. ​increase dopamine levels   b. ​increase serotonin levels   c. ​increase acetylcholine levels   d. ​increase endorphin levels   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   2.2 Neurotransmitters: Chemical Messengers in the Brain KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

Chapter_4_Consciousness_Wide_Awake_in_a_Daze_or_Dreaming_   Multiple Choice

 

1. ​“The thoughts, feelings, and aroused states of which we are aware” is the definition of ____.   a. ​subliminal perception   b. ​consciousness   c. ​intelligence   d. ​hypnosis   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

2. ​If you were deprived of sleep for a couple of nights, you would most likely ____.   a. ​develop schizophrenia   b. ​begin to not feel tired anymore   c. ​experience microsleeps until you could get a longer night’s sleep   d. ​suffer serious cardiovascular problems   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

3. ​A microsleep is ____.   a. ​a nap that lasts about 10-15 minutes   b. ​a short segment of sleep examined randomly by technicians in a sleep lab   c. ​a device designed to facilitate sleep in those suffering from insomnia   d. ​a 3-15 second burst of sleep occurring in the midst of a wakeful activity   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

4. ​Gustavo often experiences brief episodes of sleep while he is in his psychology class. These brief episodes are called ____.   a. ​microsleeps   b. ​macrosleeps   c. ​circadian rhythms   d. ​sleep spindles   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

5. ​Which statement is TRUE about the effects of sleep?   a. ​Sleep does not aid in the processing of memories that have already been encoded.   b. ​The body’s immunity to disease can be decreased through sleep.   c. ​Sleep can aid in physical growth.   d. ​Listening to tapes of something you want to learn while sleeping can facilitate learning.   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

6. ​What is one function of sleep?   a. ​Sleep can cure mental illness.   b. ​Sleep prevents Alzheimer’s.   c. ​Sleep increases your immunity to disease.   d. ​Sleep inhibits the formation of memories.   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

7. ​You have gotten much less than your normal amount of sleep in the last week of the semester in order to complete your coursework. It is likely that your immune system responses will ____.   a. ​not be reduced, as it takes a couple of weeks of partial sleep deprivation for an effect to occur   b. ​be reduced   c. ​be increased   d. ​be affected, making it more difficult to overcome existing sicknesses, but not reducing your vulnerability to a new virus   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

8. ​Your body’s immune system response can be reduced ____.   a. ​with just a few nights of sleep deprivation, but recovery will take more than a month of normal sleep   b. ​only after a month or more of sleep deprivation, but recovery will only occur after only a few nights of normal sleep   c. ​with just a few nights of sleep deprivation, and recovery can occur with just a few nights of normal sleep   d. ​only after a month or more of sleep deprivation, and recovery will occur only after a month or more of normal sleep   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

9. ​Ivana has spent the last several nights studying for midterm exams.  She has not been sleeping as much as she usually does. Which of the following is Ivana most likely to experience due to her reduced amount of sleeping?   a. ​increased body growth   b. ​increased alertness   c. ​increased susceptibility to cold and flu viruses   d. ​increased problem solving ability   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

10. ​In order for sleep to benefit your memory, ____.   a. ​the information you want to remember must be well-encoded before you go to sleep   b. ​your sleep must not consist of long periods of deep sleep   c. ​you should clear your mind and not do any strenuous mental work for at least an hour before bed   d. ​the amount of sleep you get should not exceed more than five or six hours   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

11. ​Michelle has three young children and sleeps an average of five hours a night.  Which of the following is Michelle most likely to experience?   a. ​A person who does not get enough sleep is most likely to ____.   b. ​have difficulties succeeding in school and work   c. ​have a decreased immune response   d. ​become mentally ill   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

12. ​A person who does not get enough sleep is most likely to ____.   a. ​have difficulties succeeding in school and work   b. ​have a decreased immune response   c. ​be very productive   d. ​become mentally ill   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

13. ​When you are sleep-deprived, you are likely to become less sensitive to a neurotransmitter that helps to keep you alert during the day. Which neurotransmitter is this?   a. ​serotonin   b. ​GABA   c. ​dopamine   d. ​norepinephrine   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

14. ​Your friend is trying to convince you that a good night of sleep will help you remember the school material you studied the day before. Research on this topic suggests that your friend is ____.   a. ​wrong   b. ​right   c. ​partially right, in that sleep aids long-term memory, but not short-term memory   d. ​partially right, in that sleep aids short-term memory, but not long-term memory   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

15. ​Research suggests that sleeping at night and being active during the day ____.   a. ​is contrary to the theory of natural selection   b. ​is contrary to the theory of natural selection   c. ​may have evolved as a necessary behavior for humans   d. ​may have evolved as a necessary behavior for all animals   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

16. ​A newborn infant needs about ____.   a. ​four times the amount of sleep of an adult   b. ​three times the amount of sleep of an adult   c. ​two times the amount of sleep of an adult   d. ​the same amount of sleep as an adult   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

17. ​The average American adult needs ____ hours of sleep a night, and actually averages about ____ hours.   a. ​six; five   b. ​seven; six   c. ​eight; seven   d. ​nine; eight   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

18. ​From infancy through adulthood, the need for sleep ____.   a. ​decreases   b. ​increases   c. ​stays the same   d. ​stays the same until adulthood, at which time it decreases   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

19. ​Which individual would you expect to sleep the most in a week?   a. ​your 80-year-old grandmother   b. ​your mother   c. ​your teenaged sister   d. ​your 3-year-old sister   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

20. ​Because genetics appear to influence one’s need for sleep, it would be expected that ____.   a. ​identical twins would be more similar in their sleep needs than fraternal twins   b. ​fraternal twins would be more similar in their sleep needs than identical twins   c. ​individuals raised in the same home would have similar sleep needs   d. ​individuals raised in the same culture would have similar sleep needs   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

21. ​If a male and female were raised with different expectations and lifestyles with regard to sleeping patterns, it would be expected that ____.   a. ​they would both still have the same need for sleep   b. ​they would each have a different need for sleep   c. ​the male would have a greater need for sleep than the female   d. ​the female would have a greater need for sleep than the male   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

22. ​Compared to fraternal twins, identical twins have been found to ____.   a. ​need more sleep   b. ​need less sleep   c. ​have more similar sleep needs   d. ​have less similar sleep needs   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

23. ​Research suggests that being a “night owl” versus being an “early bird” is ____.   a. ​influenced by environment only   b. ​influenced by genetics only   c. ​influenced by genetics and environment   d. ​an artificial distinction since there is no such thing as a “night owl” or “early bird”   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

24. ​If you lived in a cave with no cues to indicate time, your circadian rhythms would gradually conform to a ____ hour day.   a. ​21   b. ​25   c. ​27   d. ​29   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

25. ​Circadian rhythms are ____.   a. ​changes in bodily processes that occur on a predictable daily basis   b. ​biological energy waves that randomly affect your ability to function   c. ​a method of birth control   d. ​the stages we go through as we sleep   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

26. ​When you follow your body’s natural sleep-wake cycle, you are following your body’s ____.   a. ​suprachiasmatic nucleus   b. ​substantia nigra   c. ​temporal lobe   d. ​pituitary gland   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

27. ​The reason why you might get tired and sleepy as the sun goes down is because your body is releasing ____ into your bloodstream.   a. ​cortisol   b. ​melatonin   c. ​GABA   d. ​oxytocin   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

28. ​The suprachiasmatic nucleus is ____.   a. ​the pleasure center in the brain where most addictions arise   b. ​the part of the brain that is left in charge when a person is hypnotized   c. ​the point through which all sensory systems send their impulses to the cortex of the brain   d. ​our internal clock influencing sleep and wakefulness   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

29. ​The suprachiasmatic nucleus directs your circadian rhythms primarily in response to ____.   a. ​sleep   b. ​food   c. ​light   d. ​noise   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

30. ​Melatonin is known as the “Dracula hormone” because it ____.   a. ​carries a side effect of protruding teeth   b. ​is released at night   c. ​makes the blood “sweeter” due to its chemical similarity with glucose   d. ​disguises itself as dopamine in the central nervous system   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

31. ​Melatonin tends to make you ____.   a. ​sleepy   b. ​hungry   c. ​alert   d. ​constipated   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

32. ​Teenagers generally want to stay up later in the evening and sleep longer in the morning than children do. This may be due to____.   a. ​increased amounts of norepinephrine in the central nervous system   b. ​decreased autonomic nervous system activity   c. ​the effects of marijuana   d. ​changes in melatonin secretion   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

33. ​On average, resetting your circadian rhythms when traveling takes about ____ for each hour of time change.   a. ​four hours   b. ​one day   c. ​three days   d. ​four days   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

34. Jet lag is primarily a result of ____.​   a. ​sleep deprivation   b. ​being in an airplane for a long period of time   c. ​disrupted circadian rhythms   d. ​culture shock   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

35. ​Which worker is most likely going to have the greatest difficulty with disruptions in their circadian rhythms?   a. ​John, who works from 3PM to midnight five nights a week.   b. ​Joan, who works from midnight to 8AM five nights a week.   c. ​Bill, who works from 8 AM to 4 PM seven days a week.   d. ​Becky, who works from midnight to 8 AM on the weekends and 8 AM to 4 PM on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday.   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

36. ​The key element of shift work that leads to negative effects seems to be ____.   a. ​the constant changing of work hours   b. ​a lack of sleep   c. ​a schedule that is inconsistent with most others   d. ​difficulty finding time for intimate relationships   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

37. ​Kevin has volunteered to be a participant in a study on sleep.  In studying Kevin’s brain activity while he is sleeping, the researcher will most likely use a(n) ____.   a. ​EKG   b. ​EEG   c. ​EMG   d. ​MRI   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

38. ​Which statement is TRUE regarding our sleep patterns?   a. ​REM sleep consists of four stages, and non-REM sleep consists of one stage.   b. ​Both REM sleep and non-REM sleep consists of four stages.   c. ​REM sleep consists of one stage, and non-REM sleep consists of four stages.   d. ​Both REM sleep and non-REM sleep consist of one stage.   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

39. ​Which represents the correct match between brain wave patterns and stage of sleep?   a. ​alpha waves – deep sleep   b. ​beta waves – awake and alert   c. ​theta waves – awake but relaxed   d. ​delta waves – light sleep   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

40. ​As you relax in preparation to sleep (but, before you sleep), your brain waves will typically change from ____.   a. ​beta to alpha   b. ​theta to delta   c. ​alpha to delta   d. ​beta to theta   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

41. ​When we first fall asleep, we enter into ____.   a. ​REM sleep   b. ​dream sleep   c. ​non-REM sleep   d. ​delta sleep   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

42. ​Japhet is lying in bed.  He is relaxed, but he is not yet asleep.  Japhet’s brain is most likely producing ____.   a. ​REM waves   b. ​beta waves   c. ​alpha waves   d. ​delta waves   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

43. ​Which sleep stage is characterized by theta brain waves and typically lasts from one to seven minutes?   a. ​stage I   b. ​stage II   c. ​stage III   d. ​stage IV   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

44. ​From which stage of sleep is it most difficult to be awakened?   a. ​stage I   b. ​stage II   c. ​stage III   d. ​stage IV   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

45. ​Brenda is asleep and her brain is producing slow and large brain waves.  Brenda is most likely in which stage of sleep?   a. ​stage I   b. ​stage II   c. ​stage IV   d. ​REM   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

46. ​If you have been asleep for about 50 minutes and are in a deep sleep such that when awakened you are disoriented, you have most likely been experiencing ____.   a. ​REM sleep   b. ​stage II sleep   c. ​stage III sleep   d. ​stage IV sleep   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

47. ​Which of the following represents the correct association?   a. ​stage IV sleep – vivid and easily recalled dreams   b. ​stage II sleep – deep sleep   c. ​stage I sleep – falling or floating sensations   d. ​REM sleep – reduced heart rate and respiration   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

48. ​Sleep spindles occur during ____ sleep.   a. ​REM   b. ​non-REM stage I   c. ​non-REM stage II   d. ​non-REM stage III   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

49. ​What happens during stage IV sleep?   a. ​Growth hormone is secreted.   b. ​The body is essentially paralyzed.   c. ​The brain is very active.   d. ​New memories are formed.   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

50. ​During sleep, if your muscles are extremely relaxed but your brain activity is similar to a waking state, you are most likely in ____.   a. ​stage IV sleep   b. ​REM sleep   c. ​stage I sleep   d. ​stage III sleep   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

51. ​Samaire is in REM sleep. Her brain waves most closely resemble ____.   a. ​waking state brain waves   b. ​stage 2 brain waves   c. ​stage 3 brain waves   d. ​stage 4 brain waves   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

52. ​Assuming uninterrupted sleep, after experiencing stage IV sleep, the next stage would be ____.   a. ​REM sleep   b. ​non-REM stage I   c. ​non-REM stage II   d. ​non-REM stage III   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

53. ​If Lebron, who is asleep and dreaming, and Kobe, who is awake, were both given brain scans, what would you expect their scans to look like?   a. ​Lebron’s would be more active than Kobe’s.   b. ​Kobe’s would be more active than Lebron’s.   c. ​Both scans would be similar with a large amount of activity.   d. ​Both scans would be similar with a small amount of activity.   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

54. ​Gisela is a participant in a study on sleep.  She is easily awakened by the researcher and reports that she was dreaming.  Gisela was most likely in ____.   a. ​stage I sleep   b. ​stage II sleep   c. ​stage IV sleep   d. ​REM sleep   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

55. ​Joseph suffers from REM behavior disorder. This means that ____.   a. ​during waking hours, he sometimes suddenly falls into REM sleep   b. ​his body is not experiencing the muscle paralysis that normally accompanies REM sleep   c. ​his body becomes temporarily paralyzed whenever he enters REM sleep   d. ​his behavior while awake is highly impulsive and unpredictable due to extreme REM deprivation   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

56. ​A person who thrashes about while in REM sleep would most likely be diagnosed with ____.   a. ​insomnia   b. ​narcolepsy   c. ​REM behavior disorder   d. ​sleep apnea   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

57. ​Which statement is TRUE regarding sleep stages?   a. ​Dreaming can occur in all stages.   b. ​As the night progresses, we spend more time in stage IV sleep and less time in REM sleep.   c. ​We typically spend four hours a night in REM sleep.   d. ​A kind of body paralysis occurs in stage IV sleep.   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

58. ​What is one difference between REM sleep and non-REM sleep?   a. ​Dreams occur only in non-REM sleep.   b. ​Dreams occur only in REM sleep.   c. ​Dreams in non-REM sleep are more easily recalled.   d. ​Dreams in REM sleep are more easily recalled.   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

59. ​If you miss a night of sleep, the next time you sleep, you are likely to experience ____.   a. ​a decrease in dreaming   b. ​REM rebound   c. ​REM behavior disorder   d. ​an increase in stage I sleep   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

60. ​When a person experiences REM rebound, the likely cause is ____.   a. ​a change in diet   b. ​a lack of exercise   c. ​mental illness   d. ​REM deprivation   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

61. ​Which statement is TRUE regarding REM sleep?   a. ​Some studies have shown that REM-deprived people have improved concentration.   b. ​There is a possible link between REM sleep and memory processing.   c. ​REM sleep tends to clutter the brain with trivial or non-important information.   d. ​REM deprived people are twice as likely to be mentally ill as non-REM deprived people.   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

62. ​If you are not getting enough sleep, you are most likely having reduced ____ sleep.   a. ​REM   b. ​stage I   c. ​stage III   d. ​stage IV   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

63. ​We spend about _____ of our total sleep time each night in REM sleep.   a. ​10%   b. ​20%   c. ​40%   d. ​60%   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

64. ​People living in climates where snow is commonplace will be most likely to dream about ____.   a. ​snow   b. ​rain   c. ​beaches and hot weather   d. ​clouds   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

65. ​Which dream theme tends to be universal?   a. ​elements of nature, such as bodies of water, clouds, and animals   b. ​basic needs, such as sex, aggression, and death   c. ​time related objects, such as clocks, calendars, and agendas   d. ​characteristics of success, such as money, fame, and possessions   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

66. ​When Freud said that dreams are “the royal road to the unconscious,” he meant that ____.   a. ​dreams typically reflect the dreamers desire to have status, wealth, and power similar to that of a noble person   b. ​if you want to understand the meaning of a person’s dreams you need to understand how the unconscious works   c. ​dreams are a good indication of the wholesome and positive desires and qualities of the dreamer   d. ​knowing someone’s dreams will give you insight into the person’s thoughts and emotions that may not even be understood by the person   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

67. ​According to Freud, when you wake up and recall dreaming about taking a test in your psychology class, you are recalling the ____ of the dream.   a. ​manifest content   b. ​superficial content   c. ​latent content   d. ​meaningful content   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

68. ​You dream about a monster chasing you and you realize later that the monster symbolizes the research paper that you have due in one of your classes. According to Freud, this interpretation of your dream is called the ____.   a. ​manifest content   b. ​Freudian content   c. ​latent content   d. ​true content   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

69. ​Manifest content is to ____, as latent content is to ____.   a. ​activation-synthesis; psychoanalytic   b. ​recall; interpretation   c. ​true; false   d. ​biological; psychological   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

70. ​The term “latent content” is most closely associated with the ____ theory of dreaming.   a. ​Freudian   b. ​mental housekeeping   c. ​threat simulation   d. ​activation-synthesis   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

71. ​With which one of the following statements would Freud be most likely to agree?   a. ​Dreams are important clues to the content of our unconscious.   b. ​Dreams have no psychological meaning.   c. ​Dreams allow us to dump useless information.   d. ​Dreams are the brain’s attempt to make sense of random neural activity.   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

72. ​Tony dreams that he is being chased by a pack of she-wolves into a mountain cave.  Tony’s therapist believes that Tony’s dream reflects his unconscious fear of women. The therapist is highlighting the ____ of Tony’s dream.   a. ​manifest content   b. ​latent content   c. ​memory content   d. ​activation synthesis   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

73. ​Mischa believes that dreaming is a way to deal with daily problems and issues. Mischa is endorsing which dream theory?   a. the continuity hypothesis​   b. ​Freud’s theory   c. memory theory​   d. activation-synthesis theory​   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

74. ​Oliver’s When Oliver awakens, he remembers dreaming of being in an orphanage with no food to eat.  According to Freud, what is the manifest content of dream?   a. ​The orphanage and lack of food represent Oliver’s repressed sexuality.   b. ​Oliver is trying to cope with feelings of insecurity.   c. ​Oliver recalls being in an orphanage with no food to eat.   d. ​Oliver’s dream has no manifest content, only latent content.   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

75. ​Bailey studies all day on Sunday for her psychology final on Monday. When she wakes up Monday morning, she reports many intense and vivid dreams. Bailey’s experience most supports which theory on dreaming?   a. ​coping theory   b. ​memory theory   c. ​Freud’s theory   d. ​activation-synthesis theory   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

76. ​The idea that dreams are a way to consolidate what we have learned comes from ____.   a. ​continuity theory   b. ​activation-synthesis theory   c. ​memory theory   d. ​threat simulation theory   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

77. ​Which theory proposes that dreaming is a way to rehearse responses to events that endanger our survival?   a. ​mental consolidation theory   b. ​activation-synthesis theory   c. ​danger evocation theory   d. ​threat simulation theory   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

78. ​The activation-synthesis theory of dreaming suggests that ____.   a. ​dreaming designed to cope with stresses and concerns in the individual   b. ​dreams are a reflection of a person’s deep unconscious concerns   c. ​dreams have absolutely no meaning   d. ​dreams represent the brain’s attempt to create meaning from random neural impulses   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

79. ​Activation-synthesis theorists propose that dreams ____.   a. ​can provide us with some insight into ourselves   b. ​have rich hidden meaning   c. ​have no meaning at all   d. ​are largely unrelated to everyday life   ANSWER:   a REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

80. ​Which of the following best summarizes the current views in psychology on the meaning of dreams?   a. ​Dreams definitely have meaning and can be helpful in understanding the hidden nature of individuals.   b. ​Dreams definitely do not have meaning, but are merely a by-product of brain activity.   c. ​Dreams with people in them have meaning, but dreams without people have no meaning.   d. ​Scientists do not really know whether or not dreams generally have any special meaning.   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

81. ​Which statement is consistent with the Freudian theory of dreaming?   a. ​Dreams serve no significant purpose.   b. ​Dreams are a way of coping with daily problems and issues.   c. ​Dreams serve as a way to consolidate memories.   d. ​Dreams are the brain’s attempt to make sense of random neural impulses.   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

82. ​Taylor believes that dreams are the brain’s attempt to make sense of random neural activity. Taylor is endorsing which theory of dreaming?   a. ​coping theory   b. ​Freud’s theory   c. ​memory theory   d. ​activation-synthesis theory   ANSWER:   d REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

83. ​Which statement is TRUE regarding the frequency of sleep disorders in the U.S.?   a. ​Sleep disorders are very rare.   b. ​Sleep disorders are not common, but many people have serious problems with sleep.   c. ​Almost everyone will suffer from a sleep disorder at some point in his or her life.   d. ​At this time, sleep disorders are so ill-defined by science, the frequency is unknown.   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Thinking Critically

 

84. ​The most commonly reported sleep disorder is ____.   a. ​sleep apnea   b. ​insomnia   c. ​enuresis   d. ​narcolepsy   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

85. ​You are having trouble getting to sleep and staying asleep at night and you are wondering if you should try some sleeping pills that you have seen advertised. What would the experts tell you about sleeping pills?   a. ​They may help you sleep, but they can also cause cancer, so they should be avoided.   b. ​They can disrupt your REM sleep, so they should be avoided.   c. ​They will help you relax, so you should try them.   d. ​They facilitate your natural sleep cycle, so you should try them.   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Apply

 

86. ​Which of the following would be recommended for a person experiencing insomnia?   a. ​Use sleeping pills to relax the mind and body.   b. ​Use the bed for sleeping only.   c. ​Try going to bed at different times to see which time works best.   d. ​Take naps during the day to catch up on sleep.   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

87. ​Which of the following would be recommended for a person experiencing insomnia?   a. ​watching TV in bed so you won’t get upset about not falling asleep   b. ​keeping a regular sleep schedule, even on weekends and holidays   c. ​taking an early afternoon nap to avoid going to bed too early   d. ​exercising strenuously just before bedtime   ANSWER:   b REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

88. ​What type of therapy is indicated for people with insomnia?   a. ​psychoanalytic   b. ​humanistic   c. ​cognitive-behavioral   d. ​eclectic   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand

 

89. ​If you suddenly fall into REM sleep during alert times of the day, you may be diagnosed with ____.   a. ​insomnia   b. ​sleep apnea   c. ​narcolepsy   d. ​REM behavior disorder   ANSWER:   c REFERENCES:   4.1 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythm KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Understand